A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms (29)
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僧官 Director of monks, an official first appointed by the government in the fourth century A.D.; then and later the office was called 僧正; 僧統; 僧錄 (僧錄司).
僧寶 saṅgha, the idealized church, the third member of the triratna.
僧寶果 The perfect arhat who has not to be reborn.
僧尼 Monks and nuns.
僧戒 The ten prohibitions; the complete commands for monks.
僧柯者 idem僧迦舍. sāṅkāśya.
僧柯慄多弭 saṃskṛtam, which means composite, compounded, perfected, but intp. as active, phenomenal, causally produced, characterized by birth, existence, change, and death.
僧次 In order of monastic age, according to years of ordination.
僧自恣日 The 15th of the 7th month; the last day of the summer retreat, on which the monks confessed their sins.
僧殘 saṅghāvaśeṣa; Pali, saṅghādiśeṣa. A sin of an ordained person, requiring open confession before the assembly for absolution, or riddance 殘; failing confession, dismissal from the order. Thirteen of these sins are of sexual thoughts, or their verbal expression, also greed, even for the sake of the order, etc.
僧祇 sāṅghika, relating to a saṅgha; a complete set of land and buildings for a monastery.
僧祇支 saṅkakṣikā or uttarasaṅghāṭī, described as a kind of toga passed over the left shoulder and under the right armpit; also 僧迦; 僧竭支; 僧却崎; 僧脚欹迦; 祇支; 竭支.
僧祇物 Monastic possessions, or things.
僧祇律 Sāṅghikā-vinaya, the rules for monks and nuns.
僧祇部 Sāṅghikāḥ, the Mahāsāṅghikāḥ school, v. 大衆部.
僧若 sañjñā; saṃjñā, the third of the five skandhas, i.e. 想 thought, ideation, consciousness.
僧衆 The body or assembly of monks.
僧訶 siṃha, a lion, also 僧伽.
僧迦舍 Sāṅkāśya, an ancient kingdom and city in Northern India (v. Kapitha 劫). The modern Samkassam, now a village 45 miles north-west of Kanauj. Also 僧伽施.
僧那 (僧那僧涅) sannāha (-sannaddha), girding on armour, intp. as a Buddha's or bodhisattva's great Vow.
厮 Attendant, an attendant, servant; to serve.
厭 Satiated; weary of; disgusted with.
厭世 Weary of the world; to renounce the world.
厭欣 Disgusted with, or rejoicing in.
厭求 Weary of the miseries of earth and seeking deliverance.
厭離 To weary of the world and abandon it.
厭魅 厭禱鬼 Vetāla, a demon appealed to in order to raise a corpse and with it to cause the death of an enemy.
嘔 To vomit, spit, disgorge.
嘔侯侯 Ahaha, or Hahava, the fifth of the cold hells, where the condemned neither stir nor speak, but the cold air passing through their throats produces this sound—a hell unknown to Southern Buddhism.
嘉 Good, excellent, praiseworthy, to commend.
嘉會 嘉集 Delightful assembly, an excellent meeting.
嘆 To praise, extol; to sigh.
嘆佛 To praise Buddha.
嘆德 To praise the virtue of others.
嘆靈 To praise the spirit of the departed.
嗽 Cough.
嗽卑 upāsikā, an old form, see 烏 a female disciple.
圖 A plan, map; seal; to plan, scheme, calculate.
團 Round; a ball, mass, lump; a group, company, train-band.
團拜 To kneel, or worship altogether as a company.
團食 To roll rice, etc., into a ball in eating, Hindu fashion.
境 viṣaya; artha; gocara. A region, territory, environment, surroundings, area, field, sphere, e.g. the sphere of mind, the sphere of form for the eye, of sound for the ear, etc.; any objective mental projection regarded as reality.
境智 The objective world and the subjective mind, or knowledge of the objective sphere.
境界 Sphere, region, realm, as 境.
境界相 The external, or phenomenal world, the third aspect referred to in the Awakening of Faith; the three are blind or unintelligent action, the subjective mind, and the objective illusory world.
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境界般若 External world prajñā, or wisdom of all things; prajñā is subjective, all things are its objective.
塵 guṇa, in Sanskrit inter alia means 'a secondary element', 'a quality', 'an attribute of the five elements', e.g. 'ether has śabda or sound for its guṇa and the ear for its organ'. In Chinese it means 'dust, small particles; molecules, atoms, exhalations'. It may be intp. as an atom, or matter, which is considered as defilement; or as an active, conditioned principle in nature, minute, subtle, and generally speaking defiling to pure mind; worldly, earthly, the world. The six guṇas or sensation-data are those of sight, sound, smell, taste, touch, and thought.
塵刹 guṇakṣetra, 'field of qualities,' certain sins.
塵勞 The trouble of the world, the passions.
塵境 The environment of the six guṇas or qualities of sight, sound, smell, taste, touch, and thought.
塵塵三昧 The samādhi in which, in a moment of time, entry is made into all samādhis.
塵塵刹土 Numberless lands; also in every grain, or atom, there is a whole realm.
塵妄 Impure and false, as are all temporal things.
塵垢 Material, or phenomenal defilement; the defilement of the passions.
塵欲 The desires connected with the six guṇas.
塵沙 Dust and sand, i.e. numberless as the atoms. Tiantai uses the term as one of the three illusions, i.e. the trial of the bodhisattva in facing the vast amount of detail in knowledge and operation required for his task of saving the world.
塵洲 Worlds as numerous as atoms.
塵劫 (塵點劫) A period of time as impossible of calculation as the atoms of a ground-up world, an attempt to define the infinite, v. Lotus Sūtra 7 and 16.
塵累 The passion-karma which entangles the mind.
塵綱 The net of the six guṇas, i.e. those connected with the six senses.
塵緣 The circumstances or conditions environing the mind created by the six guṇas.
塵表 Outside of the secular, i.e. the doctrine of Buddha.
塵道 The dusty path, the phenomenal world, or worlds.
塵那羅 dīnāra, a coin, a gold coin, from δηναριον.
塵鄕 The native place or home of the six guṇas, i.e that of transmigration.
壽 Long life, longevity, age, v. 耆婆 jīva.
壽像 A portrait, or statue of a man of years while still alive.
壽命 jīvita, life, length of days, age.
壽命無有量 壽命無數劫 The infinite life of Buddha.
壽論 阿由 The Ayurveda, the medical Vedas, v. 韋.
壽量品 The chapter in the Lotus Sūtra where Buddha declares his eternity; v. also the 無量壽經.
夢 A dream, a simile of the things of the world.
夢幻 Dream and illusion, the characteristics of all phenomena.
夢揭釐 Moṅgali, or Maṅgala, ancient capital of Udyāna, the present Manglavor on the left bank of the Swat, a trans-Indus State west of Kashmir.
夢想 To 'dream' a thing, to think of in a dream, to imagine.
夢見 To see in a dream, to imagine one sees, or has seen.
奪 Snatch, carry off, take by force; decide.
奪魂鬼 A demon that carries off the soul.
奪精鬼 One that carries off the vital breath of the dying.
寢 To sleep, rest; stop; a retiring room, resting place.
寢堂 A dormitory.
寧 Repose; settle; better than; rather; how?
寧安 Reposeful at ease.
實 Real, true, honest, sincere; solid; fixed; full; to fill; fruit, kernel, effects; verily, in fact; it is used for 眞, as in 一實 the supreme fact, or ultimate reality; also for bhūta.
實化 The real or noumenal Buddha as contrasted with 權化 the temporal or phenomenal Buddha; the 實化二身 are his 報身 saṃbhogakāya and his 化身 nirmāṇakāya.
實利 śarīra, relics, see 舍.
實叉難陀 Śikṣānanda. A śramaṇa of Kustana (Khotan) who in A.D. 695 introduced a new alphabet into China and translated nineteen works; the Empress Wu invited him to bring a complete copy of the Huayan sūtra to Luoyang; sixteen works in the present collection are assigned to him. Also 施乞叉難陀.
實唱 Reality-proclamation, i.e. to preach the Tathāgata's law of Reality.
實報土 The land of Buddha-reward in Reality free from all barriers, that of the bodhisattva, the third of the four 'lands' of Tiantai. A Buddha-kṣetra.
實大乘教 The real Mahāyāna, freed from temporal, relative, or expedient ideas; the Tiantai, Huayan, Intuitional, and Shingon schools claim to be such.
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實性 Real nature, or essence, i.e. the 眞如 bhūtatathatā.
實我 The true ego, in contrast with the 假我 phenomenal ego.
實教 The teaching of Reality; also, the real or reliable teaching.
實智 The knowledge or wisdom of Reality, in contrast with knowledge of the 權 relative.
實本 Fundamental reality, applied to the teaching of the Lotus Sūtra, as opposed to the previous Buddhist teaching.
實眼 An eye able to discern reality, i.e. the Buddha-eye.
實相 Reality, in contrast with 虛妄; absolute fundamental reality, the ultimate, the absolute; the 法身, i.e. dharmakāya, or 眞如 bhūtatathatā. Other terms are 一實; 一如; 一相; 無相; 法證; 法位; 涅槃; 無爲; 眞諦; 眞性; 眞空; 實性; 實諦; 實際, q.v.
實相三昧 The samādhi of reality, in which the unreality of the phenomenal is realized.
實相印 The seal or witness of reality, which is passed on from Buddha to Buddha.
實相慧 Wisdom in regard to reality.
實相智身 The body of absolute knowledge, or of complete knowledge of Reality, i.e. that of Vairocana.
實相法界 The first half is a Lotus Sūtra term for Reality, the latter half a Huayan term for the same.
實相爲物二身 The dharmakāya or spiritual Buddha, and the nirmāṇakāya, i.e. manifested or phenomenal Buddha.
實相無相 Reality is Nullity, i.e. is devoid of phenomenal characteristics, unconditioned.
實相花 實相風 The flower, or breeze, of Reality, i.e. the truth, or glory, of Buddhist teaching.
實相觀 Insight into, or meditation on Reality.
實空 Absolute śūnya, or vacuity; all things being produced by cause and environment are unreal.
實經 The true sūtras as contrasted to the relative or temporary sūtras, a term of the Lotus school.
實色身 The real Buddha-body, or his saṃbhogakāya in contrast with his nirmāṇakāya.
實語 True, or reliable words; words corresponding to reality; discussions of Reality.
實諦 A truth; the true statement of a fundamental principle.
實道 The true way, the true religion, absolute Buddha-truth.
實際 The region of Reality.
實際理地 The noumenal universe, the bhūtatathatā.
對 To respond, reply, face, opposite, pair, compare; the opposite of; agreeing with.
對吿衆 The intermediary for the Buddha' s address to the assembly, especially Ānanda.
對揚 One who drew out remarks or sermons from the Buddha.
對機 To respond to the opportunity, or the capacity of hearers.
對法 The corresponding law, the philosophy in the Buddha's teaching, the Abhidharma; comparison of cause and effect.
對法宗 The Abhidharma sect.
對法藏 The third section of the tripiṭaka, the śāstras, or Abhidharma.
對治 To respond or face up to and control.
對觸禮 To worship, or pay respects, face to face.
對首 Face to face (confession).
幖 A streamer, pennant 幖幟.
廓 Wide, spacious, open, vacant.
廓然大悟 Widely to have a great apprehension of the truth.
彰 Variegated, adorned; to display, show, make manifest.
慚 Shame, ashamed; i.e. for one's own faults, cf. 愧.
慳 matsara; lobha; grudging, sparing, stingy, avaricious.
慳心 慳惜 A grudging, mean heart.
慳法 Mean and grudging of the Truth to others, unwillingness to part with it.
慳貪 Grudging and greed.
慢 māna. Pride, arrogance, self-conceit, looking down on others, supercilious, etc.; there are categories of seven and nine kinds of pride.
慢使 The messenger, or lictor, of pride, cf. 五使.
慢坑 The pit, or pitfall of pride.
慢山 Pride as high as a mountain.
慢幢 Pride as a banner rearing itself aloft.
慢惑 One of the ten great delusions, that of pride.
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慢想 Proud, arrogant thoughts.
慢結 The bondage of pride.
慢擧 To hold oneself arrogantly.
慢見 Pride, regarding oneself as superior, one of the ten wrong views.
慢過慢 Regarding oneself as superior, to superiors.
慇 Anxious.
慇懃 Zealous, careful.
截 To cut off, intercept.
截雨呪 Incantations for the cessation of rain.
摸 To feel, grope, e.g. as a blind man.
摸象 The blind man who tried to describe an elephant by feeling it, v. Nirvāṇa Sūtra 32.
敲 To knock, beat, pound, e.g. a drum, gong, or gate.
斡 A handle for turning a wheel, a wheel, to revolve, circulate.
斡資羅 vajra, v. 跋 and 金剛.
朅 To and fro; translit. kha; cf. 竭; 軻.
朅伽 朅誐 khaḍga, a sword, rhinoceros' horn, rhinoceros.
朅伽毘沙拏 朅伽毘沙 khaḍga-viṣāṇa, a rhinoceros' horn.
朅地洛迦 Khadiraka, the Acacia, or Acacia mountain; i.e. 朅達羅 one of the seven concentric mountains around Sumeru.
槌 Hammer, mallet.
槌砧 槌墩 Hammer and block, or anvil.
榤 vitasti, a span; the 32,000th part of a yojana.
榮 Glory, splendour.
榮華 Glory, the glory of life, viewed as transient.
槃 A tray; a hut; to turn; translit. pan, van, va.
槃淡 cf. 和 vandana, obeisance, worship.
槃特 槃陀 cf. 半 paṇḍaka, eunuch.
槃遮 vāc, speech, talk.
槃頭 Pāṇḍu, father of Vipaśyin, the 998th Buddha of the last kalpa .
榜 A placard, list; model, example.
歌 To sing; a song; translit. ka; cf. 迦, 羯.
歌偈 Verses for singing; to sing verses.
歌利 Kali, the present evil age.
歌利王 v. 羯 Kalirāja.
歌唄 歌嘆; 歌咏; 歌頌 To sing, chant.
歌憂底迦 Kārttika, the month October-November.
歌舞 To sing and dance.
歌羅 (歌羅分) v. 迦 kalā, a fraction.
歌羅邏 kalala, an embryo, the womb.
歌羅頻迦 v. 迦, kalaviṅka.
歌聲 The sound of singing, the singing of kinnaras, cf. 緊.
殞 To perish, die; fall; become extinct.
漆 Varnish, lacquer.
漆桶 Varnish tub, a stupid, unseeing fellow.
漢 The River Han: the Han dynasty; a fine fellow; China.
漉 To strain, filter.
漉水袋 or 漉水囊 A monk's filtering-bag to strain off living creatures.
漫 Overflowing, boundless; translit. man, van; cf. 曼, 滿.
漫提 vande, 'I worship.'
漫荼羅 (or 漫怛羅 or漫陀羅) v. 曼 maṇḍala.
漫荼迦 maṇḍaka, a cake, pastry.
漚 To steep, macerate, rot; bubble; translit. u, o, etc.
漚和倶舍羅 (or 傴和倶舍羅) (or 漚和拘舍羅) (or 傴和拘舍羅) upāyakauśalya, intp. by 方便善巧 expediency and skill, adaptable, suited to conditions, opportunist, the adaptation of teaching to the capacity of the hearer.
漚多羅僧 v. 鬱 uttarāsaṅga, a toga worn over the left shoulder.
漚波耶波羅蜜 upāya-pāramitā, saving by the method of expedient teaching, v. 漚和倶舍羅.
漚鉢羅 utpala, also 嗢鉢羅; 優鉢羅; 烏鉢羅 the blue lotus; also a lord of nāgas and his blue lotus lake.
漕 A channel, canal; transport, especially by the 漕河 Grand Canal.
漕矩吒 Tsaukūta, an 'ancient (Arachotos) kingdom in N. W. India (near Ghuznee)'. Eitel.
演 To extend, expound, practise, perform.
演暢 To expound and make clear.
演若達多 Yajñadatta (演若) , 'obtained from sacrifice,' a crazy man who saw his eyebrows and eyes in a mirror but not seeing them in his own head thought himself bedevilled; the eyes and head are a symbol of 正性 reality, those in the mirror of 妄相 unreality.
演說 To expound, dilate upon, discourse.
漸 Gradual, by degrees, to flow little by little.
漸次 step by step, by degrees, gradually.
漸教 The gradual method of teaching by beginning with the Hīnayāna and proceeding to the Mahāyāna, in contrast with 頓教 q.v. the immediate teaching of the Mahāyāna doctrine, or of any truth directly; e.g. the Huayan school considers the Huayan sūtra as the immediate or direct teaching, and the Lotus Sūtra as both gradual and direct; Tiantai considers the Lotus direct and complete; but there are other definitions.
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漸斷 Gradually to cut off, as contrasted with 頓斷 sudden or instantaneous excision.
漸熱 Increasing heat; grīṣma, the two months from middle of May to middle of July.
滿 pūrṇa. Full, whole, complete.
滿分戒 The whole of the commandments, i.e. of the monk.
滿字 The complete word, i.e. Mahāyāna, as compared with the 半字 half word, or incomplete word of Hīnayāna.
滿座 A complete, or full assembly; also the last day of a general assembly.
滿怛羅 滿荼邏 v. 曼 maṇḍala.
滿慈子 滿祝子; 滿見子; 滿願子 see 富 pūrṇa.
滿成 Fully complete, perfect.
滿月尊 The full-moon honoured one, Buddha.
滿果 滿業 The fruit, or karma, which fills out the details of any incarnation, as distinguished from 引業 which determines the type, e.g. man, animal, etc., of that incarnation.
滿殊尸利 v. 文 Mañjuśrī.
滿泥 漫提 vande, 'I worship.'
滿濡 曼殊 or 曼乳 mañju, beautiful, lovely.
滿荼 maṇḍa, solid, the diamond throne.
滿足 Full, complete.
漏 āsrava, 'flowing, running, discharge; distress, pain, affliction.' M.W. It is defined as another term for 煩惱 q.v.; also as the discharge, or outflow, from the organs of sense, wherever those exist, hence it is applied to the passions and their filth; impure efflux from the mind, v. 欲有; also to the leakage or loss thereby of the 正道 truth; also to the stream of transmigration.
漏永盡無所畏 Absolute confidence (of Buddha) that transmigration would cease for ever.
漏戒 To make a leak in the commandments, i.e. break them.
漏業 The deeds of the sinner in the stream of transmigration, which produce his karma.
漏無漏 Transmigration and nirvāṇa.
漏盡 āsravakṣaya. The end of the passions, or the exhaustion of the stream of transmigration.
漏盡明 The realization that the stream of transmigration is ended.
漏盡意解 The passions ended and the mind freed, the state of the arhat.
漏盡智 The wisdom of the arhat.
漏盡比丘 The monk who has ended the stream of transmigration, the arhat.
漏盡證明 The assurance or realization that the stream of transmigration is ended and nirvāṇa attained.
漏盡通 The supernatural insight into the ending of the stream of transmigration; one of the six abhijñās.
熏 To smoke, fumigate, cense, perfume, exhale; fog, becloud.
熏習 To fumigate, perfume, i.e. the influence of unenlightenment, ignorance, or blind fate, on the unconditioned producing the conditioned, v. 薰 18.
熊 A bear.
熊耳山 Bear's ear mount, the place, where Bodhidharma was buried.
熒 Glitter, twinkle.
熒惑心 (or熒惑天) Aṅgāraka, the planet Mars; also 火曜日; it is also described as a nakṣatra, or asterism, and as such is represented in feminine form in the Vajradhātu group.
爾 You, thou; so, thus; used adverbially.
爾前 Before this, formerly used by Tiantai to denote the time preceding the Lotus Sūtra.
爾燄 爾炎 jñeya, cognizable, the region or basis of knowledge.
獄 Litigation, law-case; a prison; 地獄 q.v. Earth-prison, the hells.
璢璃 vaiḍūrya, described as a green indestructible gem, one of the seven precious things. A mountain near Vārāṇaśī. Also 吠璢璃 (吠璢璃耶); 毘頭梨.
璢璃王 Virūḍhaka, cf. 毘.
瑪 Agate瑪瑙.
瑤 Jasper (green), green crystal.
瑤花宮 cf. 玉.
甄 Mould, influence, discern; translit. kiṃ, kin.
甄叔迦 kiṃśuka, the tree Butea frondosa, with beautiful red blossoms; a red stone perhaps a ruby.
甄迦羅 kiṃkara, 10,000,000,000.
甄陀 kinnara, v. 緊.
疑 vicikitsā; doubt, suspect; hesitate, be uncertain, fear, surmise.
疑使The messenger, tempter, or lictor, of doubt.
疑剌 The thorn of doubt.
疑域胎宮 The palace for doubters outside Amitābha's heaven, where all doubters of him are confined for 500 years until fit to enjoy his paradise.
疑執 The holding to doubt.
疑心 A doubting heart, dubious, suspicious.
疑惑 Doubt and delusion, doubt, uncertainty.
疑悔 To repent of doubt.
疑結 The bondage of doubt.
疑蓋 The overhanging cover of doubt.
疑見 Doubtfully to view, doubtful views, doubt.
監 To survey, examine; a palace-eunuch; the Academy; to superintend, oversee; warden of a jail, warder, jail.
監寺 監院; 監收 The warden, or superintendent of a monastery, especially the one who controls its internal affairs.
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盡 An emptied vessel, all used up; end, finish, complete, nothing left; all, utmost, entirely. At the end of seven days, seven days being completed.
盡十方 The entire ten directions, the universe, everywhere.
盡未來際 To the end of all time, eternal.
盡淨虛融 The identity of the absolute and the empirical, a doctrine of the Prajñāpāramitā.
碧 Jade-green, or blue.
碧眼胡 The blue-eyed barbarian, Bodhidharma.
禍 Woe, calamity, misfortune.
福 Blessing, happiness, felicity, good fortune.
福地 A place of blessedness, a monastery.
福報 A blessed reward, e.g. to be reborn as a man or a deva.
福因 That which causes or gives rise to blessing, i.e. all good deeds.
福庭 A court, or hall, of blessedness, a monastery.
福德 puṇya. Blessed virtues, all good deeds; the blessing arising from good deeds.
福德莊嚴 The adornment of blessedness and virtue. i.e. of good deeds.
福德資糧 The nutriment of blessedness i.e. deeds of charity.
福德身 The buddhakāya, or body of Buddha, in the enjoyment of the highest samādhi bliss.
福德門 The gates of blessedness and virtue, the first five of the six pāramitās.
福慧 Blessedness and wisdom; or virtue and wisdom.
福慶 Blessedness and felicity, blessed felicity; to congratulate on good fortune.
福智 Blessedness and wisdom, the two virtues which adorn.
福果 The reward of blessedness.
福業 The karma of blessedness, a happy karma.
福生 Born of or to happiness.
福生天 Puṇyaprasavās, the tenth brahmaloka, the first region of the fourth dhyāna.
福田 The field of blessedness, i.e. any sphere of kindness, charity, or virtue; there are categories of 2, 3, 4, and 8, e.g. that of study and that of charity; parents, teachers, etc.; the field of poverty as a monk, etc.
福田衣 The garment of the field of blessing, the monk's robe.
福相法身 The Buddha-dharmakāya as blessedness, in contrast with it as wisdom.
福祿 Happiness and emolument, good fortune here or hereafter.
福蓋 The cover, or canopy, of blessing.
福行 The life or conduct which results in blessing e.g. being reborn as a man or a deva.
福觀 Blessedness and insight, similar to福慧; 福智.
福足 The feet of blessedness, one consisting of the first five pāramitās, the other being the sixth pāramitā, i.e. wisdom; happiness replete.
稱 To call, style, invoke; to weigh; a steelyard, scale; to suit, tally with.
稱佛 To invoke a Buddha.
稱名 To invoke the (Buddha's) name, especially that of Amitābha.
稱名雜行 To worship a variety of Buddhas, etc., instead of cleaving to Amitābha alone.
稱意華 The soma plant, suggested by Sir Aurel Stein as possibly wild rhubarb.
稱讚 To praise.
種 vīja; bīja. Seed, germ; sort, species; also to sow, plant.
種子 Seed, germ; the content of the ālayavijñāna as the seed of all phenomena; the esoterics also have certain Sanskrit letters, especially the first letter ā, as a seed or germ containing supernatural powers.
種子識 ālayavijñāna, the abode or seed-store of consciousness from which all phenomena spring, producing and reproducing momentarily.
種性 Seed nature, germ nature; derivative or inherited nature.
種智 Omniscience, knowledge of the seed or cause of all phenomena.
種根器 The three categories of the ālayavijñāna: (1) the seed, or cause, of all phenomena; (2) the five organs of sensation; (3) the material environment on which they depend.
種熟脫 The seed of Buddha-truth implanted, its ripening, and its liberation or harvest.
種種色世界 A world of every kind of thing.
種覺 The insight into all seeds or causes, Buddha-knowledge, omniscience.
種識 The ālayavijñāna.
端 Beginning, coming forth, elementary principles; a point either beginning or end; straight, proper.
端嚴 In strict propriety.
端坐 To sit straight and proper.
端心正意 With a proper mind and regulated will, doing no evil.
端正 Proper, properly ordered, rectitude, integrity.
竭 Exhaust, used up, finish; utmost.
竭叉 A place said to be in the Karakoram mountains, where according to Faxian formerly great assemblies were held under royal patronage and with royal treatment. Eitel gives it as Khaśa, and says 'an ancient tribe on the Paropamisus, the Kasioi of Ptolemy'; others give different places, e.g. Kashmir, Iskardu, Krtchou.
竭支 v. 僧祇支.
竭誐 khaḍga (sometimes in error khaṅga), a sword, a rhinoceros' horn, a rhinoceros.
竭陀羅 khadira, the Acacia catechu; khadīra, the Mimosa pudica. M.W. A hard wood, also karavīra.
箋 A tablet, slip.
箋書 sūtras.
箇 Each, every.
箇箇圓常道 Every single thing is the complete eternal Dao.
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管 A pipe, tube; to rule, control.
管絃講 Pipes, stings, and preaching, an 'accompanied' service — in India.
算 Reckon, count, calculate.
算數 To count numbers, to count, number.
精 Cleaned rice, freed from the husk, pure; essential, essence, germinating principle, spirit; fine, best, finest.
精室 精廬; 精舍 A place for pure, or spiritual, cultivation, a pure abode, the abode of the celibate, a monastery or nunnery.
精氣 Vitality, virility.
精眞 Pure truth, apprehension of ultimate reality.
精神 Vitality; also the pure and spiritual, the subtle, or recondite.
精進 vīrya, one of the seven bodhyaṅga; 'vigour,' 'valour, fortitude,' 'virility' (M.W.); 'welldoing' (Keith). The Chinese interpretation may be defined, as pure or unadulterated progress, i.e. 勤 zeal, zealous, courageously progressing in the good and eliminating the evil.
精進力 vīryabala. The power of unfailing progress, one of the five moral powers.
精進弓智慧箭 Zeal as the bow, wisdom the arrow.
精進波羅蜜 Zeal, energy, or progress as the fourth of the six pāramitās.
精靈棚 The booth, or canopy, where the feast of all souls is provided.
綺 A kind of open-work variegated silk.
綺語 Sexual talk; improper remarks.
緊 Tight; to bind tight; press tight; pressing, urgent; translit. kin.
緊祝迦 kiṃśuka, v. 甄 ruby-colour.
緊要 Important.
緊那羅 緊捺羅 (or緊陀羅); 甄陀羅 (or 眞陀羅 ) kinnara; the musicians of Kuvera, with men's bodies and horses' heads; they are described as 人非人 men yet not men, and 疑神 mythical beings; one of the eight classes of heavenly musicians; they are also described as horned, as having crystal lutes, the females singing and dancing, and as ranking below gandharvas.
綫 Thread: a clue, continuation. An intp. of sūtra.
綱 A net rope, bond, social nexus, constant obligation, the restraints of society.
綱維 The controller of a monastery.
網 jāla. A net, a web.
網目 The 'eyes', or meshes of a net. For the Brahmajāla sūtra v. 梵網經.
緇 Black garments; at one time black was used for monastic robes.
緇徒 緇流 Monks.
緇林 A monastery.
緇衣 Black robes, monks.
緇門 The black-robe order, monks.
維 A carriage-curtain; a net; a corner, cardinal point; to tie or hold together, connect; a copula, also, but, whereas, now.
維口食 Improper means of existence by spells, fortune-telling, etc., one of the four cardinal improper ways of earning a livelihood.
維摩 Vimalakīrti, 維摩詰 (維摩羅詰); 毘摩羅詰 undefiled or spotless reputation, 'a native of Vaiśālī, said to have been a contemporary of Śākyamuni, and to have visited China.' Eitel. The Vimalakīrti-nirdeśa sūtra 維摩詰所說經 is an apocryphal account of 'conversations between Śākyamuni and some residents of Vaiśālī', tr. by Kumārajīva; an earlier tr. was the維摩詰經, a later was by Xuanzang, and there are numerous treatises.
維耶離 cf. 毘 Vaiśālī.
維衛 (維衛佛) cf. 毘 Vipaśyin, one of the seven ancient Buddhas.
維越 avaivartika, cf. 阿, one who never reverts to a lower condition.
維那 羯磨陀那 karmadāna, the duty-distributor, deacon, arranger of duties, second in command of a monastery.
聚 samāsa ; assemble, collect; an assemblage.
聚沫 The phenomenal world likened to assembled scum, or bubbles.
聚諦 samudaya, the second of the four dogmas, that of 'accumulation', i.e. that suffering is caused by the passions.
聚集 To assemble, flock together.
聞 To hear; to make known to; to smell.
聞光力 To hear of the power of the light of Amitābha.
聞名 To hear the name of; fame, famous; to hear the name of Buddha, or a Buddha.
聞慧 Hearing the word and becoming wise in it; wisdom obtained from hearing.
聞持 To hear and keep; hearing and keeping in mind; hearing and obeying.
聞法 To hear the doctrine.
聞陀羅尼 (聞持陀羅尼) To hear and keep, hear and remember the teaching, dhāraṇī 陀羅尼 meaning to hold to, maintain.
肇 To begin, initiate.
肇法師 or 僧肇 Sengzhao, name of a monk in the fourth century whose treatise is called by this name.
腐 Rotten, corrupt, putrid, sloughing.
腐爤藥 Purgatives, diuretics.
膏 Fat, oil, unguent.
膏明 Oil and light, oil being right conduct, with the resultant shining before men.
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臺 A terrace, platform, stage, look-out; also written 台.
臺座 A platform, or stage, for an image.
與 Give, grant; with, associate; present at, share in; mark of interrogation or exclamation.
與力 To give strength.
與願 To be willing (or vow) to grant.
舞 To posture, brandish, play; urge.
與戲 To play, perform plays.
蒸 Twigs; to steam, vapour.
蒸沙 Steaming or cooking sand for food: an impossibility, like Ānanda trying to meditate without cutting off evil conduct.
蒺 Thorny bushes, furze.
蒺藜 The calthrop, Tribulus terrestris.
蒭 Hay, straw, fodder.
蒭摩 kṣumā, kṣauma, linen, flax, linen garments; also 芻蒭迦; 菆蒭; 須蒭; 蘇蒭; 讖蒭.
蓱沙王 Bimbisāra, v. 頻.
蒲 Rushes, flags, grass.
蒲團 A rush cushion, or hassock.
蒲塞 upāsaka, 伊蒲塞 cf. 優.
蒲闍尼 蒲膳尼 bhojanīya, to be eaten, edible; what is suitable as the fare of monks and nuns, proper food; one list gives wheat, rice (boiled), parched rice, fish, and flesh; another gives cakes (or loaves), porridge, parched grain, flesh, and boiled rice.
蓋 A cover, anything that screens, hides, or hinders; to build; then, for. The passions which delude the real mind so that it does not develop. A hat, or umbrella, or any cover. The canopy over a Buddha.
蓋纏 Cover and bonds i.e. the passions which stunt growth and hold in bondage.
蒙 To cover; stupid, ignorant; receive (from above); Mongol.
蒙古 Mongolia, Mongol.
蒙惑 Stupid and deluded.
蒼 Azure; the heavens; grey, old.
蒼龍窟 The cave of the azure or green dragon, where it lies curled over the talismanic pearl, which only a hero can obtain.
蜫 Insects, creeping things.
蜫蟲作佛 Even insects may attain Buddhahood; v. 智度論 93.
蜜 Honey; translit. m.
蜜利伽羅 mṛga; a deer; mṛga-rāja, royal stag, Buddha.
蜜利車 mleccha, cf. 彌 heathen, non-Buddhist nations, the barbarians.
蜜栗伽悉他鉢娜 Mṛga-sthāpana, Mṛgadāva, famous park north-east of Vārāṇaśī, a favourite resort of Śākyamuni. The modern Sārnath, near Benares. Eitel.
裴 Beautifully robed.
裴弗略 vaipulya, enlarged, v. 方.
裸 Naked.
裸形外道 nirgranthas, naked ascetics.
誠 Truthful, true, truth; real; sincere, sincerity.
誠信 True and trustworthy, true, reliable.
誠諦 Truth, a truth, the true teaching of Buddhism.
誡 Commandment, precept, prohibition, warning, rule.
誡罰 To warn and punish; to punish for breach of the commandments or rules.
誡勸 Prohibitions from evil and exhortations to good. See 戒.
誌 To remember, record.
誐 To intone, hum; translit. ga.
誐囉娜 gardabha, defined as an ass.
誐嚕 garuḍa, v. 迦.
誐那鉢氏 gaṇapati, a leader, Gaṇeśa, the 'elephant god'; it is, however, defined as 歡喜 pleased, joyful.
認 To recognize.
認識 to acknowledge, e.g. sin 認罪.
誑 Imposition, deception, lying.
誦 To murmur, recite, intone, memorize by repeating in a murmur, cf. 念.
誦經 To intone sūtras.
誕 A birthday; to bear, produce; wide, boastful.
誕生會 An assembly to celebrate a birthday, e.g. the Buddha's on the 8th of the 4th month.
誓 To swear, vow, engage to, enter into a contract.
誓約 To swear and engage to.
誓願 To swear and vow, e.g. the forty-eight vows of Amitābha to save all beings.
語 Words, discourse, conversation, speech, language; to say, speak with; cf. 嚕 ruta.
語業 The karma produced by speech.
語義 rutārtha word-meaning; word and meaning.
語言 abhidhāna. Words, talk, speech; naming.
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說 To speak, say, talk, discourse, expound; speech, etc. Used for 悅 pleased.
說一切有部 v. 一 and 有; the Sarvāstivādaḥ realistic school.
說假部 The Prajñāptivādinaḥ school, a branch of the Mahāsāṅghikaḥ, which took the view of phenomenality and reality, ? founded on the Prajñāpti-śāstra.
說出世部 The Lokottaravādinaḥ school, a branch of the Mahāsāṅghikaḥ, which held the view that all in the world is merely phenomenal and that reality exists outside it.
說因部 Hetuvādinaḥ, idem Sarvāstivādaḥ.
說戒 The bi-monthly reading of the prohibitions for the order and of mutual confession.
說法 To tell or expound the law, or doctrine; to preach.
說示 To tell and indicate.
說經 To expound the sūtras.
說罪 To confess sin, or wrong-doing.
說轉部 idem 經部 (經量部) Sautrāntika school.
說通 To expound thoroughly, penetrating exposition.
說默 Speech and silence.
賒 To buy or sell on credit; to borrow; slow, remiss, shirk.
賒乃以室折羅 Śanaiścara 土星, Saturn, or its regent.
賒多 śānta, pacified, at ease, ceased, dead, liberated; also 奢多.
賓 A guest; to entertain; to submit.
賓伽羅 Piṅgala, an Indian sage to whom is attributed 'the Chandas' (M.W.), i.e. a treatise on metre.
賓吒羅 ? Piṇḍāra, ? Piṇḍala, one of the painless purgatories.
賓坻 Piṇḍada, abbrev. for Anāthapiṇḍada. v. 阿.
賓撥利力叉 pippala, pippala-vṛkṣa, the bodhidruma, or tree under which Śākyamuni obtained insight.
賓波羅窟 Vaibhāra, the Vaibhāra cavern; 'a rock-cut temple on a mountain near Rādjagṛha 王舍城, now called Baibhargiri. Śākyamuni used to resort thither for meditation.' Eitel.
賓鉢羅 pippala, v. 賓撥利力叉.
賓頭 One of the purgatories, v. 賓吒羅.
賓頭盧頗羅墮 Piṇḍola-bhāradvāja, name of the first of the sixteen arhats, who became the old man of the mountains, white hair and bead, bushy eyebrows, one of the genī.
趙 To hasten to, return; a long time.
趙州 A prefecture in south-west Chihli, with a monastery, from which the Tang monk Zhaozhou got his pseudonym.
輕 Light; frivolous; to slight.
輕安 Not oppressed, at ease.
輕慢 To despise; the pride of thinking lightly of others.
輕毛 As light as a hair, as unstable as a feather.
輕重 Light and heavy.
遣 To send; to drive away.
遣喚 To send, and to call.
遜 To yield, accord; modest.
遠 Far, distant, far removed.
遠塵離垢 To be far removed from the dust and defilement of the world.
遠師 idem 慧遠 q.v.
遠行地 The seventh stage of the bodhisattva, in which he leaves the world of phenomena and enjoys mystic contemplation.
遠離 vivṛj; vivarjana; leave afar off, be far removed; absolute separation of unconditioned reality from the realm of phenomena.
遠離樂 The joy of the first dhyāna heaven, in which the defilement of desire is left far behind in mystic contemplation.
銘 To engrave, on metal, stone, or the tablets of the heart.
銖 A weight equal to the twenty-fourth part of a tael; a small ancient coin; a scruple; trifles.
銖衣 The gossamer clothing of the devas, or angels.
銅 tāmra. copper, brass.
銅錢 Copper money, cash.
銅鑼 A gong.
銀 rūpya. Silver; money.
銀色 Silver-colour.
閣 A pavilion, temple building; chamber, council, cabinet.
際 A border, region, juncture, limit; between; to join on; then, since, now.
生死之際 Between life and death.
無際 Unlimited.
際史吒 Jyaiṣṭha, the month in May-June.
障 varaṇa; āvaraṇa; a screen, barricade, partition, a term for the passions or any delusion which hinders enlightenment.
障礙 Screen and obstruction, i.e. anything that hinders.
障盡解脫 Salvation through the complete removal of the obstruction of illusion.
靺 Red socks.
靺? 沙迦; 靺師迦 vārṣika; a flower that blooms during the rainy season, described as of a white colour and very fragrant; the aloe.
領 Neck, collar; lead, direct; receive.
領納 To receive, accept.
領解 To receive and interpret.
頗 Somewhat, quite, very; partial; translit. pha, bha. Cf. 叵.
頗勒具那 (or 頗勒窶拏) Phālguna, the twelfth month in India (February-March).
頗尼多 phāṇita, the inspissated juice of the sugar cane, raw sugar.
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頗羅 phala, fruit, produce, progeny, profit, etc.
頗羅墮 (or 頗羅吒) Bhāradvāja, descendant of the ancient sage Bharadvāja, intp. as one of the six (or eighteen) Brahmin surnames, and as meaning 利根 of keen mind, clever.
頗胝迦 頗置迦; 頗黎; 頗棃 sphāṭika, rock crystal.
颯 In gusts, suddenly.
颯秣建 Samakan, the modern Samarkand. Eitel.
颯破? 迦 sphaṭika, see 頗.
飽 Replete, full.
飽學 Replete with learning; fed full with study.
飾 To adorn; gloss over; pretend. 裝飾.
馝柯 Vikramāditya, a king of Śrāvastī and famous benefactor of Buddhism, v. 毘.
馺 v. 蘇 svāhā.
馱 駄 Translit. dha, dhya.
駄南 dhyāna, also 駄演那; 駄衍那 tr. by 定 and 禪 q.v.
駄器尼 v. 達 The Deccan.
駄摩 v. 達 dharma.
駄索迦 dāsaka, a slave, or dāsikā, a female slave.
駄縛若 dhvaja, a flag.
駄那羯磔迦 Dhanakaṭaka, or Amarāvatī, an ancient kingdom in the north-east of the modern Madras presidency.
駄都 dhātu, intp. by 界 field, area, sphere; 體 embodiment, body, corpus; 性nature, characteristic. It means that which is placed or laid; a deposit, foundation, constituent, ingredient, element; also a śarīra, or relic of Buddha The two dhātus are the conditioned and unconditioned, phenomenal and noumenal; the three are the realms of desire, of form, and of the formless; the four are earth, water, fire, and air; the six add space and intelligence; the eighteen are the twelve āyatanas, with six sensations added.
魂 The mind, the soul, conscious mind, vijñāna; also 魂神.
魂魄 Animus and anima; the spiritual nature or mind, and the animal soul; the two are defined as mind and body or mental and physical, the invisible soul inhabiting the visible body, the former being celestial, the latter terrestrial.
鳳 The 'phœnix' the auspicious bird.
鳳刹 'Phœnix'-kṣetra, a term for a Buddhist temple.
鳴 Cry, sound, note of a bird, etc.
鳴魚 To sound the wooden fish to announce a meal time.
鳴錫 A rattling staff shaken to warn the spirits.
麽 Interrogative particle; translit. ma, ba; cf. 摩.
麽也 māyā, illusion, hallucination; also intp. as 體 body.
麽度羅 Mathurā, the modern Muttra.
麽攞 麽羅 mālā, a head-dress, wreath.
麽洗 Māsa, a month.
麽羅庾 malaya, a kind of incense from the Malaya mountains in Malabar.
麽麽 mama, my, mine, genitive case of the first personal pronoun.
麽麽鷄 Māmakī; 忙忙鷄; 忙莽鷄 (or 忙莽計); 摩莫枳; the Vajra mother, mother of the 金剛部 or of wisdom in all the vajra group.
鼻 ghrāṇa. The nose; one of the five 根 indryas; the organ of smell; one of the six vijñānas (六識) or perceptions, the sense of smell; translit. vai, vi.
鼻入 Organ and sense of smell.
鼻奢佉 Vaiśākha, the second month of spring.
鼻婆沙 see 毘, Vibhāṣā.
鼻根 The organ of smell.
鼻息 The breath of the nostrils; also the perception of smell.
鼻溜荼迦 v. 毘 Virūḍhaka.
鼻識 The sensation, or perception of smell.
鼻路波阿叉 Virūpākṣa. One of the lokapāla, or guardians of the four cardinal points of Mount Sumeru. In China known as 廣目 wide-eyed, red in colour with a small pagoda in his right hand, and a serpent in his left; in China worshipped as one of the twenty-four Deva Ārya 天尊. Also, a name for Maheśvara or Rudra (Śiva). Cf. 毘 and 髀.
鼻那夜 cf. 毘 Vinaya.
鼻隔禪師 dhyāna master with nose (and other organs) shutoff from sensation, i.e. a stupid mystic.
�**腻� (or鼻致迦) bījaka, a seed, v. 種.
齊 Even, level, equal, uniform; complete, perfect; equalize; tranquillize; alike; all; at the same time, altogether.
齊業身 The final body which brings to an end all former karma.
齊說齊聞 Speaking and hearing together, or at the same time.
16. FIFTEEN STROKES
僵 Stiff, rigid; prostrate.
僵娑洛 saṃsāra, course, transmigration, v. 散 and 生死.
億 A number varying from the Chinese 100,000 to a Buddhist 1,000,000, 10,000,000, and 100,000,000.
儀 Manner, mode, style; ceremony, etiquette.
儀式 儀軌 Mode, style, manner.
僻 Perverse, base, depraved; partial, prejudiced; rustic, secluded.
僻見 Perverse, incorrect, or depraved views.
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劍 A sword, two-edged sword.
劍山 劍樹地獄 Asipattra. The hill of swords, or sword-leaf trees hell, one of the sixteen hells; also called 刀刃路.
劈 To split, rend, tear.
劈箭急 Rapid as an arrow cleaving (the air).
廚 A kitchen; also a cabinet for an image.
M004304M084293 bhūrom, an exclamation frequently occurring at the beginning of mantras, probably in imitation of Brahmanic mantras, which begin by invoking bhūr earth, bhuvaḥ air, and svar heaven; or it may be a combination of bhūr earth, and oṃ, the mystic interjection.
嘶 To neigh; a crashing noise.
嘶夜那 śyena, a hawk, falcon.
噉 Bite, eat, feed on; a bite, morsel; to lure.
噉月 To gnaw the moon.
墳 A grave 墳墓.
墨 Ink; black; dyed black, e.g. 墨衣 black clothes, at one time said to have been the garb of the monk to distinguish him from the ordinary people who wore white.
墨竭提 Magadha, v. 摩.
墜 To fall, sink, settle, slide.
墜芥 To drop a mustard seed from the Tuṣita heaven on to the point of a needle on the earth, most difficult, rare.
墮 To fall; dilapidated; to fall from a higher to a lower place or condition; a tr. of prāyaścitta, expiation, a section in the Vinaya of ninety offences for which atonement is required.
墮羅鉢底 Dvārapati or Dvāravatī, 'an ancient kingdom on the upper Irawaddy.' Eitel.
增 To increase, add, augment, more.
增一阿含經 Ekottara-āgama The āgama in which the sections each increase by one, e.g. the Anguttara Nikāya of the Hīnayāna; a branch of literature classifying subjects numerically, cf. 阿 āgama.
增上 Additional, increase, superior, strengthened.
增上心 Advancing or improving mind, superior mind.
增上心學 The study of increased powers of mind (through meditation).
增上慢 Arrogance, pride (of superior knowledge); e.g. the 5,000 disciples who, in their Hīnayāna superiority, thought they had gained all wisdom and refused to hear the Lotus gospel.
增上果 adhipatiphala, v. 異熟果, dominant effect; increased or superior effect, e. g. eye-sight as an advance on the eye-organ.
增上緣 The cause, condition, or organ of advance to a higher stage, e.g. the eye as able to produce sight.
增劫 The kalpa of increment, during which human life increases by one year every century, from an initial life of ten years, till it reaches 84,000 (and the body from 1 foot to 8,400 feet in height), in the 滅劫 similarly diminishing.
增息 Increasing (power of prayer for) cessation of calamity.
增悲 Augmented pity of a bodhisattva, who remains to save, though his 增智 advanced knowledge would justify his withdrawal to nirvāṇa.
增戒學 Advanced or increasing study of the moral law; the study of the higher moral law.
增益 Increasing, improving.
增進 Advance, progress.
增道損生 A bodhisattva's progress in the doctrine with concurrent reduction in reincarnation.
增長 Increasing both broad and long, 增 referring to breadth and 長 to height, or length.
增長天 Virūḍhaka, the Mahārāja of the southern quarter.
增長廣目 Virūḍhaka and Śiva.
嬉 Play, pleasure.
嬉戲 To play, perform.
寫 To write.
寫經 To copy the scriptures.
寮 A hut, study, monastery; fellow-student.
寮主 寮元; 寮長 The head, or manager of a monastery.
審 To try, judge, examine.
審慮思 Discriminating thought.
幢 dhvaja; ketu. A pennant, streamer, flag, sign.
幢幡 A flag, banner.
幢相 A sign, symbol, i.e. the monk's robe.
幡 patākā, a flag, banner.
廢 To fall in ruins; come to nought; cast aside, do away with, discard; spoil, waste.
廢前教 The discarding of previous rules in the Nirvāṇa Sūtra, e.g. previously monks were allowed the three kinds of clean meat; in this sūtra all are forbidden.
廢惡修善 To cast aside evil and perform the good.
廢權立實 To set aside the temporary and establish the real and permanent.
廢迹顯本 To set aside the temporal life (of the Buddha) and reveal the fundamental eternal life.
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廟 A fane, temple, palace; an intp. of caitya, cf. 支.
廣 vipula. Broad, wide, extensive, spacious; extended, enlarged, expanded; for vaipulya v. 方廣, for which 廣 is also used alone to indicate vaipulya sūtras, etc.
廣博 Wide and spacious, extensively read, very learned.
廣博身 The one whose body fills space, Vairocana.
廣嚴城 Vaiśālī, broad ornate city, cf. 毘.
廣大 Broad and great.
廣大智 The vast wisdom of Buddha beyond measure.
廣大會 The centre where vast virtues meet, a term for Amitābha.
廣慧 vipulaprajñā, or vipulamati, vast wisdom, an epithet of a Buddha, one able to transform all beings.
廣教 Full or detailed teaching by the Buddha about the duties of the order, in contrast with 略教 general or summarized teaching; the detailed teaching resulting from errors which had crept in among his disciples.
廣果天 Bṛhatphala, the twelfth brahmaloka, the third of the eight heavens of the fourth dhyāna realm of form.
廣狹 Broad and narrow.
廣目天 The wide-eyed deva, Virūpākṣa, diversely-eyed, having deformed eyes, an epithet of Śiva, as represented with three eyes; name of one of the four Mahārājas, he who guards the west.
廣長舌 A broad and long tongue, one of the thirty-two marks of a Buddha, big enough to cover his face; it is also one of the 'marvels' in the Lotus Sūtra.
弊 Worn out, reduced to extremities, corrupt, deceptive; my, mine.
弊欲 Corrupt, or base desires.
彈 A bullet, shot; to strum, snap; repress, impeach; translit. dan.
彈多 danta, a tooth.
彈多抳瑟搋 dantakāṣṭa, a tooth stick, v. 憚.
彈多落迦 Dantalokagiri, a mountain (the montes Daedali of Justinian) near Varuṣa with its cavern (now called Kashmiri-Ghār), where Sudāna lived.
彈宅迦 Daṇḍaka, name of a king.
彈宅迦林 The forest of Daṇḍaka, destroyed by a ṛṣi because the king had carried off the ṛṣi's wife, saying a ṛṣi had no need for one.
彈指 To snap the fingers—in assent, in joy, in warning; a measure of time equal to twenty winks.
影 Shadow, picture, image, reflection, hint; one of the twelve 'colours'.
影事 Shadow things, i.e. all things are mere shadows.
影供 Image worship.
影像 pratibimba. Shadows, reflections, with no real existence or nature of their own.
影向 The coming of a deity, responding, responsive.
影堂 A hall where are the images, or pictures, of objects of worship.
影現 The epiphany of the shadow, i.e. the temporal Buddha.
影護 Like a shadow-guardian, always following like a shadow the substance.
影響衆 影向衆 The responsive group in the Lotus Sūtra, who came in response to a call, e.g. Mañjuśrī, Guanyin, etc.
徹 Penetrate, pervious, perspicacious; throughout; communal.
徹心 To penetrate or reach the heart or mind.
德 Virtue, moral excellence, moral power, power; also translates guṇa; translit. ta.
德尸羅 (德叉尸羅) Taksaśīla, an ancient kingdom and city, the Taxila of the Greeks. Lat. 35°8' N., Long. 72° 44' E.
德叉迦 Takṣaka, one of the four dragon-kings.
德士 Virtuous scholar, a term for a monk in the Tang dynasty.
德字 The svastika.
德本 The root of the moral life, or of religious power; also a name for Amitābha as the root of all virtue.
德母 The mother of virtue. i.e. faith which is the root of the religious life.
德海 The ocean-like character and influence of virtue.
德甁 The vase or talisman of power, cf. 賢德.
德田 Field of virtue, or of religious power, i.e. the cult of arhats and Buddhas.
德行 Moral conduct and religious exercises, or discipline; moral conduct.
德風 The wind of virtue, or of religious power.
德香 The fragrance of virtue.
慶 Felicity, felicitous, felicitate.
慶懺 慶讚 A service of felicitation, e.g. on the dedication of an image, temple, etc.
憐 Commiserate, pity, sympathize, charitable.
憐念 Sympathetic thoughts.
憐愛 To pity, love, care for.
憐愍 To pity, commiserate.
慕 To long for, hanker after, love; translit. mo, mu.
慕何 moha, v. 謨 Unenlightened, stupid.
慕捺囉 mudrā, a seal, sign, token, hand or finger signs.
慕攞 慕羅 mūla, root, fundamental, hence mūlagrantha, fundamental works, original texts; Mūla-sarvāstivādaḥ, the Hīnayāna school of that name.
憚 Dread; dislike; translit. dan.
憚哆 danta tooth, teeth; cf. 彈 and 娜.
憚啄家瑟多 dantakāṣṭha, tooth stick, said to be chewed as a dentifrice; also, to be the name of a tree grown from a toothpick of the Buddha.
憎 Hate, dislike.
憎愛 Hate and love.
慾 Passion, inordinate desire, lust, v. 欲.
慾愛 To hanker after, desire.
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憍 Boastful, bragging; self-indulgent; indulgent; translit. ko, kau, go, gau; cf. 瞿, 倶, 拘, 巨.
憍坑 The pit of pride and arrogance.
憍奢耶 kauśeya, also 憍舍耶; 高世耶 cloth made of wild silk.
憍尸迦 Idem. 憍尸 (or 憍支迦) Kauśika, of the family of Kuśika, family name of Indra; one account says Amitābha was of the same family name.
憍慢 Arrogance and pride.
憍曇彌 憍答彌; 倶答彌 Gautamī, feminine of the patronymic Gautama, the family name of Śākyamuni. Gautamī is a name for Mahāprājapatī, his aunt and nurse, who in the Lotus Sūtra is predicted to become Buddha.
憍梵 (憍梵波提) Gavāṃpati, also 憍梵鉢提; 迦梵波提; 笈房鉢底 intp. as chewing the cud; lord of cattle, etc. A man who became a monk, born with a mouth always ruminating like a cow because of former oral sin.
憍薩羅 Kosala, Kośala; also 居薩羅 (or 拘薩羅); 拘婆羅, i.e. Northern Kosala, or Uttarakosala, an ancient kingdom, the modern Oude; also Southern Kosala, or Dakṣiṇa-kosala, an ancient kingdom, part of the present Central Provinces.
憍賞彌 Kauśāmbī, also 憍閃彌 (or 憍睒彌); 倶睒彌; 'an ancient city on the Ganges in the lower part of the Doab.' M.W. It has been identified by some with Kusia near Kurrah; but is the village of Koṣam on the Jumna, 30 miles above Allahabad. Cf. 巨.
憍陳如 (or 憍陳那) Kauṇḍinya; also 阿若拘鄰; 阿若憍陳那 Ājñātakauṇḍinya. (1) A prince of Magadha, uncle and first disciple of Śākyamuni. (2) A grammarian mentioned in the Prātiśākhya sūtras. (3) Vyākaraṇa-Kauṇḍinya, who was told by the Buddha that a Buddha is too spiritual to leave any relics behind. Eitel.
憂 Sorrow, grief, melancholy, anxiety; to mourn, grieve; translit. u, yu; cf. 優, 烏.
憂世 The world of trouble and sorrow.
憂受 Sorrow, one of the five emotions.
憂婆提舍 Upatiṣya, perhaps a name of Śāriputra.
憂火 The fires of sorrow or distress.
憂畢叉 upekṣā, cf. 優 indifference attained in abstraction, i.e. 'indifference to pain or pleasure, equanimity, resignation, stoicism'. Childers. 'Looking on, hedonic neutrality or indifference, zero point between joy and sorrow, disinterestedness, neutral feeling, equanimity.' Pali Text Society's Dictionary.
憂陀伽 udaka, water.
憂陀那 udāna, cf. 優, 烏, etc. Breathing upwards from the throat into the head; guttural sounds; the navel, umbilical; the middle; volunteered remarks or addresses by the Buddha, sermons that came from within him without external request; voluntarily to testify.
慧 prajñā ; sometimes jñāna. Wisdom, discernment, understanding; the power to discern things and their underlying principles and to decide the doubtful. It is often interchanged with 智, though not correctly, for zhi means knowledge, the science of the phenomenal, while hui refers more generally to principles or morals. It is part of the name of many monks, e.g. 慧可 Huike; 慧思Huisi.
慧劍 The sword of wisdom which cuts away illusion.
慧力 prajñābala, one of the five powers, that of wisdom.
慧印 Wisdom-sign, or seal; also 智印.
慧可 Huike, the successor of Bodhidharma, v. 達; he previously cut off his arm in appeal to be received as disciple, and finally inherited his mantle and alms-bowl.
慧命 Wisdom-life, or wisdom as life, wisdom being the basis of spiritual character. A term of address to a monk, also 慧壽, and to a monk by a superior.
慧學 The study of wisdom, e.g. the Abhidharma.
慧幻 Wisdom-illusion, wisdom-conjuring; the kaleidoscope of wisdom.
慧忍 Wisdom-patience, one of the 十忍.
慧思 Huisi, the second patriarch of the Tiantai school 南嶽大師.
慧愷 Huikai, a monk and author, also known as 智愷 Zhikai of the sixth century A.D.
慧數 Mental conditions in contrast to mind itself.
慧日 Wisdom-sun, Buddha-wisdom. Huiri, a celebrated Tang monk and author (disciple of Yijing) who also went on pilgrimage to India and spent thirteen years there, died A.D. 748; entitled 慈愍三藏.
慧月 Jñānacandra, author of the non-Buddhist 勝宗十句義論, Vaiśeṣika-nikāya-daśapadārtha-śāstra, tr. by Xuanzang; perhaps the same as 智月.
慧根 The root, i.e. the organ, of wisdom.
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慧業 Undertaking and doing; practical goodness resulting from wisdom.
慧流 The living stream of wisdom able to cleanse all impurity.
慧淨 Huijing, a noted Tang monk, translator and author, who was commanded to assist Xuanzang in his translations but was unable through failing health.
慧炬 The torch of wisdom.
慧燈 The lamp of wisdom.
慧燈王 A king who gave his flesh and blood to save the lives of others.
慧琳 Huilin, a disciple of the Indian monk Amogha 不空; he made the 慧琳音義 dictionary of sounds and meanings of Buddhist words and phrases, based upon the works of 玄應 Xuanying, 慧苑 Huiyuan, 窺基 Kueji, and 雲公 Yungong, in 100 juan, beginning the work in A. D. 788 and ending it in 810. He is also called 大藏音義; died 820.
慧目 The eye of wisdom.
慧眼 The wisdom-eye that sees all things as unreal.
慧縛 The bond of ignorance and stupidity which fetters wisdom.
慧義 The apprehension of the meaning of reality through wisdom.
慧能 The power of wisdom. Huineng, name of a noted monk, sixth patriarch of the Intuitional or Meditation sect; died 713.
慧苑 Huiyuan, a noted Tang monk and lexicographer, author of the 慧苑音義 dictionary of sounds and meanings, cf. 慧苑琳.
慧藏 Wisdom-store, the Abhidharma Piṭaka, which embodies the science of ascertaining the meaning of the sūtras. Also, the whole of the Tripiṭaka.
慧見 Wise views, or insight into wisdom, the views of wisdom.
慧觀 Huiguan, one of Kumārajīva's chief assistants in translation, died 424.
慧解 The function of wisdom—to explain all things.
慧解脫 The escape by, or into wisdom, i.e. of the arhat who overcomes the hindrances to wisdom, or insight, but not the practical side of abstraction, etc.; better able to understand than to do.
慧超 Huichao, a monk who travelled in India.
慧足 The leg of wisdom, the other being 福足 q.v.
慧身 Wisdom body, one of the five division of the dharmakāya, which is the embodiment inter alia of inherent wisdom.
慧鏡 The mirror of wisdom.
慧雲 The clouds of wisdom with which the Tathāgata covers all beings.
撰 To compose, compile.
撰號 Compiler's name, author's title.
播 To sow, publish: reject; to winnow; to stir up, cheat; translit. pa, pā.
播尼 pāṇi, the palm of the hand.
播捨 pāśa, a noose, snare.
播磨 upama, a resemblance, simile.
播輸鉢多 pāśupata, followers of the lord of cattle, Śiva, who smeared themselves with ashes, also 波輸鉢多.
撥 To spread, open out, scatter, disseminate, detach, uproot.
撥無因果 To dispense with, or deny the law of karma, one of the five heresies.
撥草瞻風 (or 撥草參玄) To uproot the weeds (of ignorance) and look for the mystic Buddha-breeze.
撒 To scatter, set loose, sow.
撒馬兒罕 Samakan, Samarkand, v. 颯.
摩 To feel, handle, rub; translit. m, ma, mu, ba; cf. 末, 磨.
摩休勒 mahoraga, cf. 摩睺羅.
摩伽 Maghā, an asterism 'containing five stars figured like a house, apparently α, γ, ζ, η, ν Leonis' (M.W.); intp. as governing the eleventh month; for which 摩佉; 摩袪 are also used.
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摩伽羅 makara, cf. 摩竭 a sea monster.
摩伽陀 Magadha, cf. 摩竭陀 also used for Māgha, the month January-February.
摩偷 [偸] madhu, sweet, an intoxicating liquor.
摩偷羅 Mathurā; Madhurā. Ancient kingdom and city, the modern Muttra on the bank of the Jumna; the reputed birthplace of Kṛṣṇa, one of the seven sacred cities, called Peacock City 孔雀城 Kṛṣṇapura, famous for its stūpas. The ancient name Madhu is given in 摩度. Other forms are摩突羅 (or摩度羅, or 摩頭羅); 秼菟羅.
摩利 mallikā, a fragrant flower variously described as jasmine, aloes, musk, etc. Name of the wife of king Prasenajit, also called 摩利室羅 Mālyaśrī .
摩利伽羅耶 Malaya in Malabar, cf. 摩羅.
摩利支 (or 摩梨支, or 摩里支); 末利支 Marīci. Rays of light, the sun's rays, said to go before the sun; mirage; also intp. as a wreath. A goddess, independent and sovereign, protectress against all violence and peril. 'In Brahmanic mythology, the personification of light, offspring of Brahmā, parent of Sūrya.' 'Among Chinese Buddhists Maritchi is represented as a female with eight arms, two of which are holding aloft emblems of sun and moon, and worshipped as goddess of light and as the guardian of all nations, whom she protects from the fury of war. She is addressed as 天后 queen of heaven, or as 斗姥 lit. mother of the Southern measure (μλρστζ Sagittarī), and identified with Tchundi' and 'with Mahēśvarī, the wife of Maheśvara, and has therefore the attribute Mātrikā', mother of Buddhas. Eitel. Taoists address her as Queen of Heaven.
摩哂陀 Mahendra, younger brother of Aśoka, reputed as founder of Buddhism in Ceylon.
摩呼洛迦 mahoraga, described as large-bellied; a class of demons shaped like the boa; a spirit in the retinue of Śākyamuni; a form taken by Vairocana; also 莫呼洛迦 (摩); 摩睺羅伽; 摩護囉誐.
摩多 mātṛ, a measurer, maker, former, mother.
摩多羅迦 mātṛkā, cf. 摩怛.
摩夷 mātṛkā, cf. 摩怛.
摩娑 māṃsa, flesh.
摩娑羅 musāra-galva, agate, cf. 牟.
摩奴沙 (or 摩奴闍), v. 末奴沙 manuṣya, mānuṣa, man, any rational being.
摩奴是若 manojña, agreeable to the mind, attractive, at will.
摩奴末耶 (or 摩?末耶) manomaya, 'consisting of spirit or mind, spiritual, mental.' M.W. Intp. as mind-produced body, or form, any appearance produced at will.
摩 ? 沙 manuṣya,摩 ?奢; 摩 ?賖 man, any rational being, v. 末? 沙, 摩奴沙.
摩尼 maṇi; 'a jewel, gem, precious stone (especially a pearl, bead, or other globular ornament).' M.W. A bright luminous pearl, symbol of Buddha and his doctrines. Tr. 'as wished', or at wish, whoever possesses the pearl receives whatever he desires. One of the seven treasures. With Shivaites a symbol of the Liṅga. Also 末尼.
摩尼跋陀 (摩尼跋陀羅) Maṇibhadra, one of the eight generals; 'a king of the yakṣas (the tutelary deity of travellers and merchants, probably another name for Kuvera).' M. W.
摩尼犍大龍王 Maṇiskandhanāga. The nāga king in whose hand is the talismanic pearl.
摩度羅 Mathurā, modern Mutra, v. 摩偸.
摩怛里 mātṛ, a mother.
摩怛里迦 mātṛkā, also 摩呾里迦; 摩怛履迦; 摩得勒伽 (or 摩德勒伽); 摩多羅迦; 摩侄梨迦; 摩室里迦; 摩夷; the Abhidharma-piṭaka, as the mother of Buddhist philosophy.
摩愉羅伽藍 Masūra Saṅghārāma. An ancient vihāra about 200 li south-east of Mongali. Eitel. Cf. 豆.
摩揭 v. 摩竭.
摩提 mati, understanding; v. 末底.
摩拏 v. 摩奴沙.
摩拏羅 Manorhita, or Manorhata, an Indian prince who became disciple and successor to Vasubandhu as 22nd Patriarch. Author of the Vibhāṣā śāstra. 'He laboured in Western India and in Ferghana where he died in A.D. 165.' Eitel. Also摩奴羅; 未笯曷利他.
摩賴耶 v. 摩羅耶.
摩沙羅 musāra-galva, v. 牟.
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摩沓媻 Mathāva; Mādhava; Madhu. 'The Mathai of Megasthenes, a tribe of Indian aborigines who lived north of Kośala in Rohilcund and along the southern frontier of Nepaul. They gave the name to Mathurā and Matipura.' Eitel. The last statement at least is doubtful.
摩由羅 mayūra, 孔雀 a peacock; also 摩裕羅; 摩廋囉.
摩登伽阿蘭若 mātaṅga-āraṇyakāḥ. The second class of hermits (probably called after the lowest caste), living in cemeteries, at a distance of 500 bow-lengths (circa 3,000 feet) from a village.
摩登伽經 A sūtra on Mātaṅgī, and on the stars. cf. 摩鄧.
摩睺羅 muhūrta, a moment. mahoraga, also 摩睺勒 v. 摩呼.
摩祇 A medicine that can eradicate poison, and so overpowering that serpents avoid it; also 摩蛇; 摩蚳; 摩醯; 莫耆.
摩竭 (摩竭羅) makara. A sea monster, either in the form of a great fish, e.g. a whale, or a great turtle. Also 摩伽羅 (or 摩迦羅).
摩竭陀 Magadha, also 摩竭提; 摩揭陀; 摩伽陀; 摩訶陀 'A kingdom in Central India, the headquarters of ancient Buddhism up to A.D. 400; the holy land of all Buddhists, covered with vihāras and therefore called Bahar, the southern portion of which corresponds to ancient Magadha.' Eitel. A ṛṣi after whom the country of Southern Behar is said to be called. Name of a previous incarnation of Indra; and of the asterism Maghā 摩伽.
摩納 (摩納婆迦) Māṇavaka, a Brahman youth, a youth, a man; also 摩納縛 (摩納縛迦); 摩那槃; 那羅摩那 (naramana).
摩納仙 Śākyamuni in a previous incarnation.
摩羅 māla, a wreath, garland, chaplet, headdress; also tr. as Māra, a huge fish, cf. 摩竭羅 makara.
摩羅伽陀 (or摩羅迦陀) marakata, the emerald.
摩羅提 摩羅耶提數 (or 摩羅耶底數); 摩離 Malayadeśa, Malaya country.
摩羅耶 Malaya, the Malabar hills, noted for their sandalwood, cf. 末; also 摩羅延; 摩梨; 摩利伽羅耶; 摩賴耶.
摩耶 Māyā, v. Mahāmāya, infra.
摩臘婆 Mālava, or Lāra (Lāṭa). An ancient state in Central India, in the present Gujarat.
摩裕羅 v. 摩由羅.
摩訶 mahā, great, large, very; also摩醯; 莫訶.
摩訶僧祇部 Mahāsāṅghikāḥ, or Mahāsaṅghanikāya; 大衆部 one of the four branches of the Vaibhāṣika, said to have been formed after the second synod in opposition to the Sthavirās, marking the first division in the Buddhist church. Followers of Mahākāśyapa. After the third synod this school split into five sects: Pūrvaśāila, Avaraśāila, Haimavatā, Lokottaravādinas, Prajñāptivādinas.
摩訶僧祇律 The great canon of monastic rules, tr. by Buddhabhadra and Faxian in 40 juan.
摩訶剌佗 Mahārāṣṭra. 'The Mahratta country, an ancient kingdom in the north-west corner of the Deccan, near the upper course of the Godavery.' Eitel.
摩訶因陀羅 Mahendra, v. 摩哂.
摩訶婆羅 (or 摩訶娑羅) Mahāsāra. 'An ancient city in Central India, the present Masar, about 30 miles west of Patna.' Eitel.
摩訶尼羅 (or 摩訶泥羅) mahānīla, dark-blue, a sapphire; described as the large blue pearl of Indra, perhaps the Indranīla.
摩訶憍曇彌 Mahāgautamī, aunt and nurse of Śākyamuni. Cf. 憍.
摩訶曼殊沙華 mahāmañjūṣaka, a red flower yielding the madder (munjeeth of Bengal).
摩訶曼陀羅華 mahāmandārava, a large white lotus; cf. 曼.
摩訶拘絺羅 Mahākauṣṭhila, a disciple of the Buddha; also 摩訶倶瑟耻羅; v. 拘.
摩訶摩耶 mahāmāyā, intp. by M.W. as 'great deceit or illusion worldly illusion, the divine power of illusion (which makes the material universe appear as if really existing and renders it cognizable by the senses), the Great Illusion (the illusory nature of worldly objects personified and identified with Durgā)'. Mahāmāyā was the wife of Śuddhodana, and mother of Śākyamuni. He, Siddhārtha, was born 'from her right side', and she died seven days later, her sister Mahāprajāpati becoming his foster mother. Also called 摩訶第脾 Mahādevī; 摩訶夫人 Lady Māyā, etc.
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摩訶毘盧遮那 v. 毘. Mahāvairocana.
摩訶毘訶羅 Mahāvihāra. A monastery near Anurādhāpura, Ceylon, where Faxian (A.D. 400) found 3,000 inmates.
摩訶毘訶羅住部 Mahā-vihāravāsināḥ. 'A subdivision of the Mahāsthavirāḥ school, which combated the Mahāyāna system.' Eitel.
摩訶提婆 Mahādeva, the great deva, Maheśvara, i.e. Śiva; also a former incarnation of Śākyamuni; and name of an arhat.
摩訶波闍波提 Mahāprajāpatī, title of aunt and nurse of Śākyamuni; reputed as the first abbess; according to the Lotus she is to become a Buddha, under the title of Sarvasattva-priya-darśana. Also摩訶鉢剌闍鉢底; cf. 憍 Gautamī.
摩訶慮瑟拏 Mahāroṣaṇa, the angry deva.
摩訶目犍連 Mahāmaudgalyāyana, v. 目, one of the chief disciples of Śākyamuni, at whose left his image is placed, Śāriputra being on the right. Mahāsthāmaprāpta is said to be a form of Maudgalyāyana.
摩訶目脂鄰陀 (or 摩訶目眞鄰陀) Mahāmucilinda, name of a nāga-king, etc., v. 目.
摩訶袒特 Mahātantra (dhāraṇī), great spell power for overcoming the evil and cleaving to the good.
摩訶羅 mahallakas, old, stupid, ignorant; also 摩迦羅; 莫訶洛迦 (or 莫喝洛迦).
摩訶羅闍 mahārāja, a great or superior king; a king.
摩訶耶彌提婆 Mahāyānadeva, a title given to Xuanzang in India; cf. 玄.
摩訶般湼槃那 mahāparinirvāṇa, v. 涅, the great complete nirvāṇa, final release, perfect rest.
摩訶般若 mahāprajñā, v. 般, great wisdom, great insight into all truth.
摩訶般若波羅蜜 mahāprajñāpāramitā, v. 般, the great wisdom method of crossing the stream to nirvāṇa, i.e. Buddha-truth.
摩訶菩提寺 Mahābodhi-saṅghārāma. The monastery of the great enlightenment, a vihāra near the Bodhidruma at Gayā; cf. 西域記 8 and Faxian.
摩訶薩埵 (摩訶薩) Mahāsattva, 'great being,' one with great compassion and energy, who brings salvation to all living beings; a Bodhisattva; also 摩訶刹頭.
摩訶薩埵王子 Mahāsattva-kumāra-rāja, the noble and royal prince, Śākyamuni.
摩訶衍 (摩訶衍那) Mahāyāna, 大乘 q.v. the real Vehicle, in contrast with Hīnayāna 小乘. Also 摩訶夜那 (or 摩訶夜泥).
摩訶諾伽那 mahānagna, 'quite naked' (M.W.); great naked powerful spirits, cf. 諾.
摩訶質帝薩埵 mahācittasattva. A great-mind being, a bodhisattva. Also 摩訶菩堤質帝薩埵.
摩訶迦葉 (摩訶迦葉波) Mahākāśyapa, or Kāśyapadhātu 迦葉 (迦葉頭陀), a Brahman of Magadha, disciple of Śākyamuni; accredited with presiding over the first synod, hence known as 上座; also with supervising the first compilation of the Buddha's sermons; is reckoned as the first Patriarch, v. 二十八祖 and 迦.
摩訶迦旃延 Mahākātyāyana, one of the principal disciples of Śākyamuni; v. 大 and 迦.
摩訶迦羅 Mahākāla, the great black deva, v. 大黑.
摩訶那伽 Mahānāga, the great nāga, 'one of the elephants that support the world.' M.W. A title of a Buddha, or of an arhat.
摩訶那摩 摩訶男 Mahānāman, one of the first five of Śākyamuni's converts.
摩訶那鉢 Mahāsthāmaprāpta, the bodhisattva 大勢至 q. v.
摩訶鉢特摩 mahāpadma, defined by M.W. as a great 'white' lotus; but intp. in China as the great red lotus, after which the eighth cold hell is named. As the great white lotus it is a Buddha-throne, of purity and fragrance.
摩迦吒 markata, a monkey; also 摩斯吒.
摩那埵 mānatta, joy to the penitent and his fellow monks caused by confession and absolution; also a term for penance, or punishment; and for offences involving reprimand (Pali).
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摩那婆 v. 摩納 māṇava.
摩那斯 摩那蘇婆帝 Mānasa; Manasvatī. A lake in the Himālayas, one of the four lakes formed when the ocean fell from heaven upon Mount Meru. The dragon who is the tutelary deity of this lake.
摩鄧伽 Mātaṇga, also 摩登伽 (or 摩燈伽) Elephant, greatest, utmost, lowest caste, outcast, barbarian. 摩鄧祇 Mātaṅgī. Both words bear a low meaning in Chinese, e.g. low caste. Mātaṅgī is the name of the low-caste woman who inveigled Ānanda. The 摩鄧祇咒 spell is performed with blood, etc.
摩醯因陀羅 (or 摩訶因陀羅) Mahendra, younger brother of Aśoka, who, on repenting of his dissolute life, became an arhat and is said to have founded Buddhism in Ceylon.
摩醯奢娑迦 Mahīśāsakāḥ, cf. 彌, one of the subdivisions of the Sarvāstivādāḥ school.
摩醯徑伐羅 魔醯首羅; 魔醯 Maheśvara. Explained by 大自在天 great sovereign deva, 天王 king of devas. Śiva, lord of one great chiliocosm, a deity with eight arms, three eyes, riding on a white bull. Xuanzang says specially worshipped in the Panjab. It is a term also for certain bodhisattvas and certain heavens.
摩頂 To lay the hand on the top of the head, a custom of Buddha in teaching his disciples, from which the burning of the spots on the head of a monk is said to have originated.
摩騰 Kāśyapa Mātaṇga who, according to tradition, accompanied the first envoys back to China. A. D. 64; cf. 迦.
敷 Diffuse, spread, promulgate, announce.
敷具 The displayed, or promulgating article, i.e. the monk's robe.
敷曼荼羅 To spread a magic cloth, or maṇḍala, on the ground.
敵 To oppose, compete; an enemy.
敵證 Opposition and affirmation, negative and positive.
數 To number, count, enumerate, figure out, calculate, reason, reprimand; numbers, an account, fate, destiny; flurried. It is also used for 智 knowledge, and for mental content or conditions as in 心數.
數人 數法人 Those of the Sarvāstivādāḥ school, cf. 薩, who held that all things are real.
數取趣 A definition of pudgala, i.e. all beings subject to transmigration.
數息 To count the breathing in order to calm mind and body for meditation, e.g. 數息觀; 數門 (數息門); cf. 阿 ānāpāna.
數珠 A rosary; to tell beads, which consist of various numbers, generally 108.
數緣盡 數滅無爲 idem 擇滅.
數行煩惱 The common passions and their consequences.
數論 The śāstras of the Sarvāstivādins; also Kaplila, called數論外道; 數論師 founder of the Sāṅkhyā philosophy; v. 僧伽, 劫, and 迦. It is an attempt to place all concepts in twenty-five categories, with puruṣa at the head and the others in ordered progress. Inter alia it also teaches 'the eternity and multiplicity of souls' (Eitel). Vasubandhu wrote in criticism of the system.
暫 Temporarily, briefly, meanwhile, suddenly.
暫暇 A brief relief, or leave of absence.
樞 A pivot, axis.
樞要 The pivot; principles.
樊 A cage, fence.
樊籠 A cage, the cage of karma, or the world with its suffering, etc.
槵 A species of Sapindus, or soap-berry tree, whose seeds 槵子 are used for rosaries.
樓 An upper storey, stored building, tower; one of the eighteen hells.
樓夷亙羅 Lokeśvararāja, an ancient Buddha, successor to 定光 Buddha.
樓衆 A tower or pile of charcoal, e.g. the world for conflagration.
樓毘 cf. 嵐Lumbini.
樓由 樓至 Rucika, also 廬至 (or 廬遮), the last of the 1,000 Buddhas of the present kalpa.
樓陀羅 (樓陀) Rudra, the howler, or god of tempests.
樓黎 vaiḍūrya, lapis lazuli, cf. 璢.
標 Signal, flag, banner; the troops under a particular banner; a notice, list, signboard, ticket; to publish.
標幟 Signals, symbols, especially those used by the Yoga sect.
標月 To indicate the moon.
標領 The leader, chief.
槽 A trough, manger, channel.
槽廠 A stable.
樂 Music, that which causes joy, hence joy, joyful, glad, rejoice; also to find joy in, enjoy.
樂乾闥婆 The gandharvas, Indra's musicians.
樂受 The sensation, or perception of pleasure.
樂土 A happy land.
樂天 deva musicians, see above.
樂施 Joyful giver, tr. of Sudatta, i.e. Anāthapindika, v. 阿.
樂果 Joyful fruit, i.e. nirvāṇa.
樂根 The organs of pleasure—eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and body.
樂欲 Desire for the pleasant, or pleasure.
樂法 Delight in Buddha-truth, or the religion.
樂波羅蜜 The pāramitā of joy, one of the 四德波羅蜜 four transcendent pāramitās q.v., i.e. 常, 樂, 我 and 淨.
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樂神 deva musicians, v. 樂乾闥婆, 樂天.
樂著 The bond of pleasure binding to the phenomenal life.
樂說 Joy in preaching, or telling the way of salvation; joy in that which is preached. It is also called pratibhāna, bold and illuminating discourse, or freedom in expounding the truth with correct meaning and appropriate words, one of the 無礙智 four pratisaṃvids.
樂說辯才 similar to樂說.
樂變化天 Sunirmita, the fifth of the six desire-heavens, where every form of joy is attainable at will; also 化樂天 (化自樂天); 妙樂化天.
樂邦 The joyful country, the paradise of the West.
樂音 The sound of music.
樂音樹 The trees in Amitābha's paradise which give forth music to the breeze.
歎 To praise; to sigh.
歎波那 Broken rice, v. 麨.
潮 The tide; tidal; damp.
乘潮 To take advantage of the tide.
澄 Clear, limpid.
澄觀 Chengguan, a famous monk and author, a follower of 賢首 Xianshou and supporter of the Huayan school, died A.D. 806.
潔 Clean, pure.
潔齋 To purify a monastery, cleanse away all immorality and impropriety; a pure establishment.
澆 To sprinkle, to water: perfidious, infamous.
澆季 The evil period of the world's existence leading to its end.
澁 Acrid, astringent, rough.
澁觸 One of the eight sensations of touch.
潭 A deep, a pool.
潭恩 Profound grace, or favour.
潙 Name of several streams, etc.
潙山 Guishan, a noted mountain, monastery, and Tang monk in Fujian, by whom the 潙仰 Guiyang branch of the Chan school was founded.
潤 Moisten, soak, enrich, fertilize, sleek, smooth, profit.
潤業 Fertilized karma, the original karma fertilized by the passions and distresses of life.
潤生 The fertilization of the natural conditions which produce rebirth, especially those of the three kinds of attachment in the hour of death, love of body, of home, and of life.
熟 Ripe.
熟酥經 The sūtras of ripe curds or cheese, the prajñā group.
熱 tap, tapana, tapas. Hot; to heat.
熱惱 Perturbed, feverish, troubled, distressed.
熱時炎 Mirage, idem 陽炎.
熱病 Fever.
熱鐡地獄 The hell of red-hot iron (pills).
犛 A yak 犛牛.
瘡 A sore, ulcer.
瘡門 Ulcerating orifices, i.e. the nine orifices in the body which discharge.
瘞 To bury, offer in sacrifice.
瘞錢 Offerings of paper money at the grave.
瘧 Fever, ague.
瘧加持 瘧病法 Treatment of feverish ailments by tantric measures.
瘧鬼 Apasmāra, a demon supposed to cause 瘧 fever, ague.
盤 A dish, plate; round, to coil, wind up; to go about, travel, convey; to inquire about, interrogate. Translit. pa, ba, bha, va; cf. 般, 半, etc.
盤坐 To sit with folded legs.
盤荼昧 vandanī, praise, adore, v. 和.
瞎 Blind.
瞎屢生 A blind, stupid man.
瞎驢 A blind or blind-folded donkey, stupid.
瞋 krodha; pratigha; dveṣa; one of the six fundamental kleśas, anger, ire, wrath, resentment, one of the three poisons; also called 瞋恚.
瞋恚使 The messenger, or lictor of anger.
瞋心 瞋恚心 A heart of anger.
瞋火 The fire of anger.
瞋煩惱 The passion or defilement of anger.
磋 To polish; translit. cha; cf. 車, etc.
磐 A rock.
磐石劫 The rock kalpa. Let a rock 40 li in extent be brushed once in a hundred years by a deva garment; when brushed away the kalpa is ended.
磁 Porcelain crockery, chinaware.
磁石 A lodestone, magnet.
稽 Investigate; delay; to prostrate oneself.
稽首 vandana; vandi. To make obeisance by prostration.
稽薑那 Kikana. 'A people in Afghanistan (east of Kandahar, south of Ghazna) ruled A.D. 630 by independent chieftains, perhaps identical with the Kykānān of Arabic chroniclers.' Eitel.
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穀 Grain; rice unhulled.
穀頭 The monk in charge of the grain.
稻 Growing rice.
稻稈 Rice straw.
窮 Poor, impoverished, exhausted; to exhaust, investigate thoroughly.
窮子 The poor son, or prodigal son, of the Lotus Sūtra.
窮生死蘊 To exhaust the concomitants of reincarnation, be free from transmigration.
篅 A round grain bin.
篅衣 A nun's skirt.
箭 An arrow, dart.
箭道 An arrow-shot, or bow-shot, in distance.
範 Pattern, rule, method.
範衞 Rule and restraint; to guard by proper means.
篇 A slip of bamboo, a slip, leaf, page, books.
篇目 A subject or text exposed on a slip; the publication, e.g., of the name of a wrong-doer.
篇聚 Two divisions of wrong-doing, one called the 五篇 five pian, the other the six and seven ju. The five pian are: (1) pārājika, v. 波, sins demanding expulsion from the order; (2) saṅghāvaśeṣa, v. 僧, sins verging on expulsion, which demand confession before and absolution by the assembly; (3) ? prāyaścitta, v. 波逸, sins deserving hell which may be forgiven; (4) pratideśanīya, v. 波羅 and 提舍, sins which must be confessed; (5) duṣkṛta, v. 突, light sins, errors, or faults. The six ju are the five above with sthūlātyaya, v. 偸, associated with the third, implying thought not developed in action. The seven ju are the above with the division of the fifth into two, action and speech. There are further divisions of eight and nine.
線 A thread, wire, clue, spy, lead, connection.
線香 Thread or string incense, slow-burning and prolonged.
練 To train, practise, drill, exercise.
練磨 To drill and grind, three bodhisattava conditions for maintaining progress: the fixing of attention on those who have attained enlightenment; the examination of one's purpose; and the realization of the power at work in others; v. 三退屈.
練若 araṇya, hermitage, etc., cf. 阿.
練行 Religious training or discipline.
編 To plait; enroll; compile.
編髮 To plait the hair, or roll it into conch-shape.
緣 pratyaya means conviction, reliance, but with Buddhists especially it means 'a co-operating cause, the concurrent occasion of an event as distinguished from its proximate cause'. M.W. It is the circumstantial, conditioning, or secondary cause, in contrast with 因 hetu, the direct or fundamental cause. hetu is as the seed, pratyaya the soil, rain, sunshine, etc. To reason, conclude. To climb, lay hold of. The mind 能緣can reason, the objective is 所緣, the two in contact constitute the reasoning process. The four kinds of causes are 因緣; 次第緣; 緣緣, and 增上緣 q.v.
緣中 The place or idea on which the mind is centralized.
緣事 To lay hold of, or study things or phenomena, in contrast to principles or noumena, cf. 緣理; meditation on the Buddha's nirmāṇakāya and saṃbhogakāya, in contrast with the dharmakāya.
緣佛 A deceased relative or friend, i.e. a Buddha connected with me.
緣力 pratyaya-bala; the power of the conditioning cause, circumstance, or contributing environment, in contrast with the 因力 direct cause.
緣化 To convert or instruct those under influence.
緣因 Developing cause, i.e. development of the fundamental Buddha-nature, cf. 緣正.
緣塵 The guṇas, qualities, or sense-data which cause the six sensations of form, sound, odour, taste, touch, and thought.
緣心 The conditioned mind, the mind held by the phenomenal.
緣念 緣想 Thoughts arising from environment, similar to the last entry.
緣成 The phenomenal, whatever is by causal conditions.
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