★ “失效”以 shall cease to be effective合同中没有这种译法，可用专业强的词：null and void ……同义词连用，避免歧义。
具有依照法律规定不再生效之意。

★ a notice of refusal of the offer“拒绝要约的通知”中拒绝应该用rejection拒收之意

★ “到达要约人”用“receive”来译欠妥，因为reach与receive含义有别。

★ has canceled the offer legally，cancel是划去，取消之意，非正规用词；legally是合法地，并非是依法去做…….

★ has not made 译为has failed to make…..较好，较为正式。

★ “变更”用alter,用change事指外观上的变化，如撤换，对换，兑换等，易产生歧义。Alter: to become different, to make different
without changing into something else.

译文②：An offer shall be null and void in the case of the following circumstances:

(1) The notice of rejection of the offer has reached the offeror;

(2) Theofferor has revoked the offer in question in accordance with the law;

(3) Theofferee has failed to make an acceptance by the expiration of acceptance;

(4) Theofferee substantially alters the contents of the offer in question.

第24条 要约以信件或者电报作出的,承诺期限自信件载明的日期或者电报交发之日开始计算。信件未载明日期的，自投信件的邮戳日期开始
计算。要约以电话、传真等快速通讯方式作出的，承诺期限自要约到达受约人时开始计算。

译文①： If an offer is made by letter or telegram, the commitment time limit shall be calculated from the date on the
letter or the day when the telegram is sent. If there is no date on the letter, the postmark date shall be regarded as
 the starting date. If an offer is made by telephone, fax or other quick forms of communication, the time limit for
commitment shall be counted from the day when the offer reaches the offeree.

评：

★ If an offer is made by letter or telegram………易发生歧义，by短语容易被理解为动作执行者。

★ ……time limit shall be calculated from……,calculated limit 动宾搭配不太合理。这里要进行“语内译”，原文“开设计算”
指的是承诺期限的启动时间，而不是真的要你去计算这个期限。中译英在许多时候要作“语内译”，弄明白中文字面的深层含义，而不是
字面的对译。比如中文的一个口语“真烦人”，在不同的语境，可以有若干不同的译法。

★ the date on the letter容易误解，不严谨，是规定日期，书写日期，还是邮戳日期，还是别的什么日期。

★ if there is no date on the letter同样是含糊不清。

★ the postmark date shall be regarded as…….不严谨，一般信封上有两个邮戳，投寄方邮戳和收邮方邮戳，熟为准？

★ if an offer is made by telephone, fax…….表达不严谨，与原文也有出入，原文是“以…….方式作出的”，译文易被误解为offer的
执行者是电报、电传…….。

★ shall be counted from the day when…..欠准确、严谨，原文中的“…….时开始计算”，这里的计算依然不是count 的含义，而是指
起点时间。 “day”的时间幅度太大，因为这里快速通讯方式，用“day”不精确。

译文②： When an offer is made in the form of a letter or a telegram, the time limit for acceptance shall commence from the
 date stated in the letter or from the date the telegram is handed in for dispatch. If no such date is stated in the letter, the time limit shall commence from the date in the sending postmark on the envelope. Where the offer is made by means of instantaneous communication, such as telephone or FAX, the time limit for acceptance shall commence from the moment that the offer reaches the offeree.

评：

★ commence: to make or to have a beginning, be move formal or bookish than begin.所以用这个字准确地表达了起始时间。

★ stated表示了信上明确申诉的时间。

★ Where前面已作解释，是比if更肯定的场合。

★ 行文结构清楚，用词严谨。

第29条 受要约人在承诺期限内发出承诺，按照通常情形能够及时到达要约人，但因其他原因承诺到达要约人时超过承诺期限的，除要约人
及时通知受要约人因承诺超过期限不接受该承诺的以外，该承诺有效。

译文①：If, within the time limit, an offeree issues a commitment which should be received by the offerer under normal
conditions, but the commitment is received by the offerer after commitment time limit due to unforeseen circumstances,
the commitment shall still be valid, unless the offeree informs theofferee in time that he or she does not accept the
commitment because the time limit has been expired.

评：

★ within the time limit欠译。其后应加“ for acceptance” 表明是在承诺期限内。

★ receive可改为reach，前面已作过解释。

★ but the commitment，原文字面上意思是转折，实际上是在合同里，对可能发生的情况作进一步规定，所以用but 不合适，应该用
provided that if……但规定，规定。此词组常用于在合同的某一条款中需要作进一步规定时，而语气稍有转折时用。中译时要注意该
词的使用，有时字面上没有“但规定”、“进一步规定”的字样，但有其内含时，要能正确应用。

★ received by the offerer after the commitment time limit…..,，received 改为 reached。

★ after the time limit 用词不严谨，因为after以后的时间幅度很大，而且与原文含义不符，原文时超过承诺期限，而不是在承诺期
之后。

★ still 不如改为remain,有保留的含义。

★ That he or she 代词不明确，避免使用，文中有两个单数人物，指哪位呢？易产生歧义。

★ does not accept是指“没有接受”这个客观行为，原文中的不接受具有拒不接受之意。

★ has been expired已期满之意，而不是超过期限。

译文②：When, within the time limit for acceptance, the offeree dispatches the acceptance, the acceptance will, in normal