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寄送行为只是一种要约邀请,而不是要约。
★ 拍卖公告:指拍卖人向竞买人发出的要求对方报价的文件,该文件记载着拍卖标的物的名称、质量、数量、拍卖场所,拍卖日期等项目, 因公布对象不定,不具备合同内容,所以只能称为要约邀请,不能称为要约。
★ 招股说明又称招股章程,是表达募集股份的意思,并载有某些信息的文件,是要约邀请。
★ 商业广告,大家都熟悉,也是一种要约邀请。
★ whose content…..可用于普通描述,不可用于条款。
译文②:An invitation for offer refers to a proposal for requesting other parties to make offers to the principal. Price forms mailed or send, public notices of auction and tender, prospectuses and commercial advertisements, etc. shall be deemed to be an invitation for an offer.
Where the contents of a commercial advertisement comply with the terms and provisions of the offer, the advertisement in question shall be deemed to be an offer.
评:
★ invitation用的是派生名词,抽象性强一些,invitation for offer: 要约邀请
★ to the principal: 指寄送要约邀请的人
★ be deemed to (be/do): 被认为,法律文件中的正式用语,比“ be believed, be considered”正式
★ where在文件中,常常不是指地方,不是引出地点状语从句,而是比if 肯定的条件句,实际上是强调如果在某种情况时,表示处在…… 情况下,环境中,条件下……等。
由于受限于篇幅,只能挂一漏万,余者日后有机会再探讨。
4. 动词的准确性
合同法律语言为维护其准确性、权威性,在用词上除一些专业术语、专业词汇外,还要求在遣词造句时应十分准确;为排除英语词汇常常有 一词多义易发生歧义的问题,常采取同义词连用,取两个词或多个词的共义来限定其唯一词义;排除产生歧义的另一途径是尽可能少用代词, 这些都是避免合同双方发生误解、矛盾、争论而逐渐形成的法律语言有别于其他语言的个性和风格。
第12条 合同的内容由当事人约定,一般包括以下条款:
(一) 当事人的名称或者姓名和住址;
(二) 标的;
…………
(八)解决争议的方法。
当事人可以参照各类合同的示范文本订立合同。
译文①: The contents of a contract shall be decided by the parties concerned. In general, a contract shall contain the following items:
(1) The titles or names of the parties concerned, and their addresses;
(2) Object;
……
(8) Methods of solving disputes.
The parties may sign a contract with reference to model copies of various kinds of contracts.
评:
★ ……由当事人“约定”用decide不够确切。这里的“约定”是指经过协商达成一致意见的意思,可以用agree (upon)
★ by the parties concerned 非法律语言,concerned 可改为thereto
★ a contract shall contain the …….contain 有包含,由…….组成,等于,相当于,等多义
★ their addresses, “their”代词所有格最好免用,addresses 太一般化,不用于合同,可以用domicile住处,指户籍,法律上长住处。
★ object可改为contract object,较明确,指合同要处理的问题
★ solving disputes, solve不如 settle正规、贴切
` Solve: to find a solution, explanation or an answer a problem 之意
Settle: to conclude( a law suit) by agreement between parties. 多用于法律上解决纠纷、矛盾。
★ sign a contract在前面已经提过,sign 单独不能视为签合同,应于make或enter into或 conclude连用。
★ with reference ……with 易发生歧义,常首先理解为“与…….签合同
★ model copies应改为model text示范文本。
★ of various kinds,文中的“参照各类合同示范文本”应进行语内译,指的是订哪种合同参照哪一种示范文本,因针对各种不同类型的人 订合同而言,要参照各类不同的合同示范文本,所以用various不确切,订个合同要把各种不相干的文本都参遍也不可能,译为of each kind of……… 比较贴切。
译文②:
The contents of a contract shall be agreed upon by the parties thereto, and shall, in general, cover and include the following clauses:
(1) title or name and domicile of the parties thereto;
(2) contract object;
……
(8) methods to settle disputes,
The parties may, by reference to the model text of each kind of contract, conclude and enter into a contract.
评:
★ cover and include用同义词连用的方法,解除一词多义产生的歧义。
★ by reference……以by短语表明方式,手段
第10条:当事人订立合同,有书面形式、口头形式和其他形式。
译文①:Contracts shall include written, oral and other forms.
评:
★ 将原文进行“语内译”便可以明白,当事人签订合同时可采取…….形式,译文的含义与此有些出入,可反译为合同应该包括…….形式, 似乎给人感觉每份合同需要这三种形式,容易产生歧义。
译文②:The parties may conclude and enter into a contract in written, or oral or other forms.
评:
★ 这就明确地表明,签订一份合同,可以采用其中一种形式。本款下文也有类似表述不清的问题,不一一细说了。
3楼 1周前 linnsm: 第20条 有下列情形之一的,要约失效:
(一) 拒绝要约的通知到达要约人;
(二) 要约人依法撤销要约;
(三) 承诺期限届满,受要约人未作出承诺;
(四) 受要约人对要约的内容作出实质性的变更。
译文①:In any of the following situations, the offer shall cease to be effective:
(1) A notice of refusal of the offer has been received by the offer;
(2) Theofferer has concluded the offer legally;
(3) Theofferee has not made commitment at the time of the expiration of the commitment term; or
(4) Theofferee has made substantive changes to the offer’s contents.
评:
★ situations:有5个义释,只有第5义与原文中情形含义相近,发生歧义的可能较大,不如用circumstance其中4个义释相近。 .4902824转载请声明出处3正3方3翻3译3网.6949666 |