★ according to: 非法律用语，应该正式用语in accordance with

译文②：The parties shall, in accordance with the law, have the right to voluntarily conclude and enter into a contract.
No unit or individual shall illegally interfere.

评：

★ 译文②避免了译文①中的问题。

第8条 依法成立的合同，对当事人具有法律约束力。当事人应当按照约定履行自己的义务，不得擅自变更或者解除合同。

依法成立的合同，受法律保护。

译文①： A contract concluded according to law shall be legally binding on the parties concerned. The parties shall perform
the obligations stipulated in the contract. No party may unilaterally modify or rescind the contract.

Contracts concluded legally are protected by law.

评：

★ according to law: 非法律用语， law应加定冠词，依法成立的，这个法不是任何法，而是相关的法律。

★ The parties：是指签订合同的双方，所以应有所交待，有所限制，可用thereto限定，即：parties to the contract

★ “应当按照约定”要进行“语内译”即按照所制定的合同的条款条件、规定的内容履行义务，而不是约定这个动作，行为。译文中用
stipulated 分词来修饰contract， 不是法律正式用词。即使表示“约定”行为也应该用provide, specify等字。

★ No party may……应该用neither party,指合同双方的任何一方，而不是泛指某一个参予者。

★ 译文中漏译“自己的”义务，“自己的”，经“语内译”应理解为“各自的”，

contracts concluded legally are protected by law.这句译文中的contracts应有定冠词限定。 用legally来表明是依法成立的合同，
使句子含糊不清，因为这个副词既可以认为是用来修饰concluded，也可以被误认为是用来修饰are protected最好排除发生歧义的可能性。

译文②：If, in accordance with the law, a contract is made and concluded, the contract in question shall legally be binding
on the parties thereto. The parties thereto shall, in accordance with the terms, conditions and provisions of the contract,
perform their respective obligations. Neither party shall unilaterally modify or rescind the contract.

The contract concluded and entered into under the law shall be protected by the law.

评：

★ 以if从句译出暗含的条件从句，处理句子结构清晰。

★ 用made and concluded同义词连用，使contract鲜明

★ 以in question 和thereto作明确限定，不会产生歧义或争端

★ 以respective明确各自的责任

★ 以under the law短语表明按照法律，十分明确，under在法律条款里是正规用字，有根据，按照，依照之意。

第14条 要约是希望和他人订立合同的意思表示，该意思表示应当符合下列规定：

一． 内容具体确定；

二．表明经受要约人承诺，要约人即受该意思表示约束。

译文①：Here offer means that one party expresses its wish to enter into a contract with the other party, and the wish
expressed should include the following provisions:

(1) The concrete contents are designated; and

(2) Once the offeree accepts the offer, the offerer shall be bound by the offer.

评：

★ 法律条文中尽量避免用代词，第一句中one party…its 都不恰当，不明确，最好想法避免。

★ here offer means……的句式非法律语言

★ wish 只是心中的愿望，与中文的“意思表示”尚有差 异“the wish expressed” 译为该意思表示也不确切。

★ should为非正式用语，应改为shall。

★ include是包含，包括在内之意，而不是符合某种规定之意，中文的“符合下列规定”的内语译应是“遵守、遵循下列规定”之意，而不是
包含之意。

★ The concrete contents 只译出了中文的字面意思，所谓“内容具体确定”，经过语内译应理解为内容详细、全面、明确，受要约人通过
要约不但明白要约人的真实意愿，而且还知道可能所要订立的合同的一些主要条款。这里的“确定”讲的是要约内容确定，而不是动作概念，
所以译成“具体的内容被确定”与条款不符。

★ Once不如in case 正式

译文②：An offer refers to a proposal to make and enter into a contract with other parties. The proposal in question shall
comply with the following provisions:

(1) The contents thereof shall be detailed and definite;

(2) The proposal in question shall indicate that the offeror shall be bound by the offer in question in case the offer is
accepted by the offeree thereto.

评：

★译文②用字明确，结构清楚，避免发生歧义。

第15条 要约邀请是希望他人向自己发出要约的意思表示。寄送的价目表、拍卖公告、招标公告、控股说明书、商业广告等为要约邀请。

商业广告的内容符合要约规定的，视为要约。

注：要约邀请又称为要约引诱，是希望他人向自己发出要约的表示，是当事人订立合同的予备行为，行为人在法律上不承担责任。

译文①：An offer invitation means that one party invites other parties to issue offers to it. An offer invitation includes,
mailed or delivered by other means, price lists, auction announcements, tendering notices, the directions for raising
capital by floating shares and commercial advertisements.

Commercial advertisements whose content are in conformity with the provisions of offers shall be regarded as offers.

评：

★ one party在法律语言中不适用，要尽量避免用。

★ 用动词invite动作概念太强，产生一方要请另一方来发出要约的歧义。

★ to issue offers to it, issue有发表,公布之意,易产生歧义,而且it意思不明确.

★ An offer invitation includes……, 让人认为一份要约包括下列那些内容,这就错了.原文意思是(进行语内译的话)……的内容都称为要
约.

有必要先解释一下这几个名词:

★ 寄送价目表:是指寄出印有商品价格的文件.其目的是希望收到价目表的人,向自己发出订立合同的要约并提出订立合同的条件.价目表的