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例1:
We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request.
文中:
★ hereby: by means of, by reason of this,特此,因此,兹等意,常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语;在条款中需要强调 时也可以用。上文中hereby:特此之意。
★ 另有些专业用语也一并作些解释。如:to the best of our knowledge: as far as we know。
★ foregoing statement: above-mentioned statement 上述声明。
★ herein 这也是法律文件中常用的字:in this, in the statement。
★ documentary proof:证明文件。
参考译文:兹证明,据我们所知,上述声明内容真实,正确无误,并提供了全部现有的资料和数据,因此我们同意应贵方要求出具证明文件。
例2:
This Law is hereby formulated and prepared in order to develop the foreign trade, maintain the foreign trade order and promote the healthy development of the socialist market economy.
Foreign trade mentioned herein shall cover the import and export of goods, technology and the international trade in services.
文中:
★ This Law is hereby formulated and prepared: 意为“兹制定本法….. ”
★ maintain the foreign trade order维护对外贸易秩序
★ promote the healthy development of the socialist market economy促进社会主义市场经济的健康发展
★ Foreign trade mentioned herein本法所称对外贸易
★ herein: 作in this Law解
★ the international trade in services国际服务贸易
参考译文:
为了发展对外贸易,维护对外贸易秩序,促进社会主义市场经济的健康发展,兹制订本法。
本法所称对外贸易,是指货物进出口、技术进出口和国际服务贸易。
例3:
A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object.
文中:
★ sale contract:买卖合同
★ the seller:出卖人, 注: seller在法律中称为出卖人,在合同中称为卖方;同样Buyer在法律中称为买受人,而在合同中称为买方。
★ object: 标的物,即买卖合同中出售的货物。
译文译文:
买卖合同是出卖人转让标的物的所有权于买受人,买受人支付价款的合同。
2.关于shall的用法
在合同等法律文件中,表示强制性承担责任、履行义务,即中文中常用的“应该”,“必须”等字眼时,翻译时应该用shall,而不能用 “must” 或 “should”.有时可以用will,但力度不如 shall强。
Should在法律文件中往往取代if,放在句首,表示“如果”之意。举一两个例子说明:
例1:
This company shall be a Chinese legal person. All activities hereof shall be governed and protected by the Laws and relevant
rules and regulations of People’s Republic of China.
文中:
★ Legal person:法人
★ All activities hereof:All activities of this company公司的一切活动
参考译文:
本公司应为中国法人。公司的一切活动应受中华人民共和国法律和法规的管辖和保护。
例2:
All disputes arising from the performance of this contract shall, through amicable negotiations, be settled by the Parties hereto. Should, through negotiations, no settlement be reached, the case in question shall then be submitted for arbitration to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing and the arbitration rules of this Commission shall be applied.
文中:
★ 3个shall都表示应履行的责任。
★ Should引导假设条件句,代替if,倒装句型。
★ amicable negotiation:友好协商。
★ the performance of this Contract 履行本合同。
★ the Parties hereto: the Parties to this Contract 本合同双方。
★ shall then be submitted for arbitration 然后应提交仲裁。
★ the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing: 中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会(北京)
参考译文:
对于因履行本合同所发生的一切争议,本合同双方应友好协商解决。如协商仍无法解决争议,则将争议提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会( 北京),依据仲裁规则仲裁。
2楼 1周前 linnsm: 3.用词的专业性
对外经济合同等法律性文件要求使用书面的正规用语,以维护法律文件的尊严及权威性。常用的专业词汇有:in accordance with, unless otherwise, provided that, be deemed to, in question, in case, be liable for, be liable to, in respect of, in the event that, in (the) case ,etc. 此外还常用些大词,法律正式用词等等。中文条款译成英文条款时,不运用或不会运用专业词汇,译文就显不出其法律
的权威性,只能算作普通译文,不能称作法律条文,也就是说失去了法律条文的风格。下面仍以评解的方法予以阐述:
第4条 当事人依法享有自愿订立合同的权利,任何单位和个人不得非法干预。
译文①:Parties shall enjoy the right to sign contracts on their own according to law, and no unit or individual shall interfere illegally unless legally authorized to do so.
评:
★ enjoy: to have for one’s use, benefit, to take pleasure 之意带有感情色彩,非正式用词。
★ to sign contracts; sign: to place a sign to, to engage or hire 签字,签名。这是按照中文“签合同”译来的。签订合同的动词 可以单独用conclude or enter into ( a contract ),或者由下列几个动词的任意两个的组合,即同义词连用:sign, conclude, make, enter into (a contract ), 单独用sign contract是不能表达签订合同之意。
★ unless legally authorized to do so: 属于加意,原文并无此意。 .6400488转载请声明出处9正9方9翻9译9网9.869456E-02 |