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汉英/英汉翻译的“特效处理” |
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更新日期：2006-2-8 22:01:38 出处： 作者： |
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.6631723转载请声明出处7正7方7翻7译7网.2976346
“三优”牌（3-U Brand）
优良的质量 Unrivalled quality
优惠的价格 Unbeatable prices
优质的服务 Unreserved service
当然，有时候也难以做到面面俱到。例如“美的”牌家用电器的广告词是这样的：“美的”家电，“美的”全面，美的彻底。其中“美的”一共出现三次。但由于与“美的牌”相对应的英文是Midea，它没有“美”的含义，所以翻译时就难以做到音意兼顾。但我们可以“迂回”一下，把三个“美的”用三个beautiful来代替：
Midea products are beautiful-
beautiful from top to toe,
beautiful inside out.
正如“美的”这个牌名中包含有“美”的意思一样，下面的“三联”也暗含着“海陆空”联运之意：
三联运输公司：海陆空联运
用英语表现时，可以通过缩写来“标新立异”；
Sanlian Shipping Service SSS
Sea-borne, Air-borne and Land-surface Transportation (SALT)
五． “藏头诗”的翻译
由于汉语和英语之间的差别太大，既要把原文的意思传达出来，又要把原来的“藏头诗”的形式表现出来，这确实是一件相当困难的事情。但在有些情况下，也并不是完全没有可能。例如：
顾主满意的服务 Customer satisfaction
客观合理的价格 Affordable prices
至为可靠的质量 Reliable quality
上乘效率的交货 Efficient delivery
这里的CARE是We care for / take care of our customer之意，同原文的意思比较接近。
六． 非常口语化的语言的翻译
例如：建设银行的两条广告词就属于这方面的例子：一条是“要买房，到建行”。另一条是“衣食住行，有龙则灵。”
当然，在翻译成英之后，其口语化和整齐押韵的特点也应该反映出来：
Want to buy a home but feel financially scant?
Why don’t you come to the Construction Bank?
Your everyday life’s so very busy,
But our LongCard can make it easy.
再看看这个农村流行的顺口溜“三亩地、一头牛，老婆孩子热炕头”的英译。
With 3 mu of land n’an ox, my life’s so secure and smug;
With my better half n’kids, my home’s so sweet and snug.
这个译文在传达原意的基础上，还考虑到了三点：一是说话人自鸣得意、自我满足的神态；二是口语体的表达风格；三是大体上的押韵和节奏。这也是朝着“达意、传神与表形”三统一的方向所作的努力。
七． 汉语中常见的非常简练而独特的说法
（short-hand phrases）的翻译
对于汉语中那些含义深刻而表达简练的特别说法，在翻译成英语时，应遵循两条基本原则：一是尽量参考英语中原有的类似的说法，二是尽量运用英语中的习惯用法。下面举一些常见的例子：
“下海” To go into commercial business To drop out of (teaching, etc.) and venture into business To be seduced into commerce / industry
康居工程 The Affordable Housing Program
“货币分房” The “own-as-you-pay” housing system
“吃饭财政” A “mouth-feeding” budget-a budget much of which is used for a burgeoning government payroll
以外贸企业为龙头 With foreign trade companies as the locomotive / flagship
“摸着石头过河” “To wade across the stream by feeling the way”
文化搭台，经贸唱戏 Cultural events set the stage and trade activities play the star role.
大锅饭 The “big pot” distribution system under which everyone gets the same “portion” irrespective of his work / contribution
饭后百步走，活到九十九。 An after-dinner walk a day keeps the doctor away.
“金梧桐”企业实 行网上招聘人才。 Companies wishing to attract talents worldwide have set up recruitment homepages on the Internet.
带职分流， 定向培训， 加强基层， 改善结构。 无情调节， 有情安排。 To stream out redundant government staff with their ranks retained; to provide tailor-made training programs geared to re-entry purposes; to move downward to join and rejuvenate grass-roots organizations and to improve the personnel composition with “fresh blood” injected. To trim out redundancies relentlessly, and to re-assign the laid-offs considerately.
（集邮爱好者语）方寸之间，深情无限。 On these tiny postage stamps, Philatelic friendship “franks.”
生意场上“一锤子买卖”的做法 The “grab-the-money-and-run” business mentality
堤外损失堤内补 To gain on the swings what was lost on the roundabouts
把企业推向市场 To lead/guide enterprises (at their elbows) to the market To let enterprises “swim” / “immerse” in the marketplace
八． 带数字的归纳语的翻译
这是指“三要三不要”之类的说法。翻译成英语是“three do’s and three don’t’s”。再如“三农问题”（指农业，农村，农民），我们似可把“三农”英译为rural economy, rural development and rural demography。下面再举一些例子：（参见下表）
“三包”；包修、包换、包退 We offer 3-R guarantees: guaranteed repair, replacement and refund.
“三来一补”：来料，来图，来样加工；补偿贸易 The “Three plus one” trading mix: custom manufacturing (with materials, designs or samples by the customer) and compensation trade.
“三公”：公平、公正、公开 The recruitment is based on the principle of equal opportunity, fair treatment and open competition.
“三个面向”：面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来 Out education is oriented to the modernization program, to the global perspective and to our nation’s future goals.
“四大目标”：建设大港口、扶持大工业、发展大经济、实现大繁荣 We are determined to build a port of large size, foster an industry of large scope, develop an economy of large scale and achieve prosperity of large magnitude.
“四自原则”：自找伙伴，自筹资金，自主经营，自负盈亏 The “four-self” principle: self-supporting in finding partners, self-reliance in raising capital, self-decision in management, and self-responsibility for losses and gains.
一个确保、三个到位、五项改革 One goal to attain, three tasks to accomplish and five areas to undergo reform
“五讲四美”：讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲纪律、讲道德；心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美 Five merits to advocate and four virtues to promote: civilized behavior, common courtesy, hygienic conditions, proper discipline and public morality; loft sentiments, refined language, good manners and environmental awareness
“九通一平”： 通水、通电、通热、通气、通下水、通邮、通讯、通闭路电视、通还道路；平整土地 Eight availables and two accessibles: Water, electricity, heat, gas, sewage, post, telecommunications, and closed circuit TV are available. You are accessible to paved roads and leveled ground.
八个环境：园区的创新环境、开放环境、法制环境、引进人才环境、继续教育环境、产业发展空间环境、政府管理和社会服务环境 To create a favorable environment in the Science Park for: technical innovation, outward orientation, operation legalization, talent attraction, continuing education, industrial expansion, governance and service provision
（英译汉）the three-P’s: patience, persistence, and perseverance “三性”：耐性、持久性、坚韧不拔性
九． 带“化”字的表达方式的翻译
汉语比较灵活，许多字后面都可以加一个“化”字，例如下面的“螺马化”。而英语则不然，不可随意在任何名词和形容词的后面加上相应的词尾（-ize, -ization, -izing）而使其“化”字化。例如，下面若干个带“化”字的词中唯有mechanized一词是“正宗”的，而其余的“化”字全都是根据意思“绕着弯儿”翻译的。这样一来，汉语原文中的简练有力而整齐划一的特色就没有了。但是，意译的效果也有一定的特点，那就是意思清楚、语言地道；再加上大体整齐，或者有可能的话，争取做到对称押韵。
男女平等制度化，同工同酬定规化。
The equality between men and women is here to stay, and equal work for equal pay is the order of the day.
重型装备的驮运已经从骡马化发展到机械化。
The moving of heavey-duty weaponry has undergone the stage from the use of draught animals to mechanized haulage.
干部队伍要革命化、知识化、专业化、年轻化。
The contingent of cadres should be composed of staunch revolutionaries who are better educated, better trained, and younger in age.
十． 证书和奖状的翻译
在把中文的证书和奖状翻译成英文时，应该考虑到以下几个方面：首先当然是要准确传达原文的内容；译文中的意思必须正确无误。这一点是毋庸置疑的。其次是要反映出英文证书和奖状的文字风格和语言特点。如果我们找来一些英语国家的证书（如结业证书、学位证书、公证书、营业执照等）和奖状（如学校奖状、企业奖状等）加以研究，我们不难看出，其中的文字都十分庄重、严谨、贴切，并且都有一些特定的表述方法。此外，英文证书和奖状在形式上的特征也不能忽视，译文要尽量模仿其常用的格式。只有这样，译文才能称得上是贯彻了“洋为中用、外为我用”的方针；取得了“达意、传神、表形”三统一的效果；从而为外国读者所喜闻乐见。
.6631723转载请声明出处7正7方7翻7译7网.2976346 |
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