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[参考译文]由于警察认为人们（市民，社会工作者，医生，立法人员以及法官）头脑简单—比如，法官不是重罚以消除犯罪而是量刑从轻以期促使罪犯改过自新—因此，他们与社会之间的隔阂更深一层。
36. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object.
[参考译文]予和机器人既是物理体，同样也是文化现象。
37. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but, custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace.
[参考译文]对于人脑的内部活动，我们认为特别值得研究。但对于传统风俗，我们却觉得那不过是最最平常的行为而已。
38. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family.
[参考译文]约翰·杜威曾经十分认真地说过，风俗习惯对个人的行为的影响与个人对传统习惯的影响之比，正如一个人母语的词汇总量与他儿时从家庭用语中学会的儿童用语之比。
39. The most vivid body of “things” in it, of course, are musical instruments.
[参考译文]当然，音乐文化的最生动的物质载体是乐器。
40. Through the study of instruments, as well as painting, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.
[参考译文]通过对图片、文字记载以及乐器等的研究，我们可以了解一千多年以前近东音乐传入中国的情况，也可以勒出近东音乐的影响波及欧洲并导致交响乐的大部分乐器发展和演变的大致轮廓。
41. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply.
[参考译文]战争冲突与竞争不同，前者可以定义为社会实体之间彼此对立的抗争，后者可定义为各个实体在单独获取供应不足的物资时所产生的对抗。
42. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive.
[参考译文]许多作家根据动物世界为生存而进行的斗争中具有适者生存的规律这一点，论证战争是不可避免的。
43. As Dr. Samuel Johnson said in different ear about ladies preaching, the surprising thing about computers is not that they think less well than a man, but that they think at all.
[参考译文]正如在不同时代，塞缪尔·约翰逊博士所谈论的女士布道一样，计算机的惊人之处不是它们的思考能力不如人类，而是它们居然会思考。
44. Finally, the line between the original and the copy becomes unclear.
[参考译文]最后，人类和计算机之间的界线将变得模糊起来。
45. Having evolved when the pace of life was slower, the human brain has an inherent defect that prevents it from absorbing several streams of information simultaneously and acting on them quickly.
[参考译文]由于在其进化期间，人类的生活节奏较为缓慢，人脑形成了固有的缺陷，不能同时接收来自多个渠道的信息并迅速进行处理。
47. In an ideal world, there would be some ways of controlling quality such as that the VCR must be redesigned repeatedly until, say. 90 per cent of the time.
[参考译文]理想的社会里，一定会有办法来监控产品的质量。例如，对录像机，可以通过反复设计，最终达到，比方说，使90%的用户在90%的情况下能正确使用其90%的功能。
47. We have only to look behind us to get some sense of what may lie ahead.
[参考译文]要想知道未来会是什么样子，我们就要回顾过去。或者：回顾过去，我们可以据此展望未来。
48. No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways in which a single invention, the chip, would transform our world thanks to its applications in personal computers, digital communications and factory robots.
[参考译文]如果20年前的人们预想现在的情况，恐怕谁也无法预见到仅集成电路块一项发明，一旦将其运用于个人电脑、数字通信和工厂机器人身上，会给世界带来怎样的变化。
49. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes.
[参考译文]然而，有趣的是，如果长相平平的女士和漂亮的女士都有突然获得成功，人们会认为长相平平的女士的人际关系比漂亮女士好，而她们的能力却不如漂亮女士。
50. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the “how to ” aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications.
[参考译文]大多数的这类书和一些章节强调如何进行采访，而不是研究采访的概念性问题，比如采访的概念性问题，比如采访的背景以及含义。这些章节主要见于，但也不限于，报章杂志、广播手册以及新闻报道的书籍中。
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