第三编 用益物权
Part III Usufructuary Right

第十章 一般规定
Chapter X General Rules

第一百一十七条 用益物权人对他人所有的不动产或者动产，依法享有占有、使用和收益的权利。
Article 117 As regards the realty or chattel owned by someone else, a usufructuary right holder is entitled to possess, use and seek proceeds from it in accordance with law.

第一百一十八条 国家所有或者国家所有由集体使用以及法律规定属于集体所有的自然资源，单位、个人依法可以占有、使用和收益。
Article 118 As regards the natural resources that are owned by the state or that are owned by the state but used by the collective as well as those that are owned by the collective as prescribed by law, an entity or individual may possess, use and seek proceeds from them.

第一百一十九条 国家实行自然资源有偿使用制度，但法律另有规定的除外。
Article 119 Unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law, the state practices the system of paid use of natural resources.

第一百二十条 用益物权人行使权利，应当遵守法律有关保护和合理开发利用资源的规定。所有权人不得干涉用益物权人行使权利。
Article 120 When exercising right, a usufructuary right holder shall comply with the provisions on protecting, reasonably exploring and utilizing resources as provided for in the laws. When the usufructuary right holder exercises rights, the owner may not intervene in.

第一百二十一条 因不动产或者动产被征收、征用致使用益物权消灭或者影响用益物权行使的，用益物权人有权依照本法第四十二条、第四十四条的规定获得相应补偿。
Article 121 Where the usufructuary right is terminated or its exercise is affected for reasons of expropriation or requisition, the usufructuary right holder has the right to obtain corresponding compensations in accordance with Articles 42 and 44 of the present Law.

第一百二十二条 依法取得的海域使用权受法律保护。
Article 122 The lawfully obtained right to use sea areas shall be under the protection of law.

第一百二十三条 依法取得的探矿权、采矿权、取水权和使用水域、滩涂从事养殖、捕捞的权利受法律保护。
Article 123 The mineral prospecting right, the mining right, the water intake right and the right to use water areas or tidal flats for breeding or fishery shall be under the protection of law.

第十一章 土地承包经营权
Chapter XI Right to the Contracted Management of Land

第一百二十四条 农村集体经济组织实行家庭承包经营为基础、统分结合的双层经营体制。
Article 124 Such a dual operation system, under which centralized operation and decentralized operation are combined on the basis of household contracted management, shall be practiced by any rural economic organization.

农民集体所有和国家所有由农民集体使用的耕地、林地、草地以及其他用于农业的土地，依法实行土地承包经营制度。
As regards the cultivated land, wood land, grassland, and other land for agricultural uses that are owned by farmers' collectives as well as those that are owned by the state and used by farmers' collectives, the system of land contracted management shall be adopted.

第一百二十五条 土地承包经营权人依法对其承包经营的耕地、林地、草地等享有占有、使用和收益的权利，有权从事种植业、林业、畜牧业等农业生产。
Article 125 The holder of the right to the contracted management of land has the right to possess, utilize and seek proceeds from the cultivated land, wood land and grassland, etc. under the contracted management thereof, and is entitled to such agricultural production activities as the planting, forestry, stockbreeding, etc.

第一百二十六条 耕地的承包期为三十年。草地的承包期为三十年至五十年。林地的承包期为三十年至七十年；特殊林木的林地承包期，经国务院林业行政主管部门批准可以延长。
Article 126 The contractual term of cultivated land shall be 30 years. The contractual term of grassland shall be 30 up to 50 years. The contractual term of wood land shall be 30 up to 70 years. The contractual term of special forest land may, upon approval of the forestry administrative department under the State Council, be extended.

前款规定的承包期届满，由土地承包经营权人按照国家有关规定继续承包。
After the contractual term as referred to in the preceding paragraph expires, the holder of the right to the contracted management of land may, according to the relevant provisions of the state, contract continuously.

第一百二十七条 土地承包经营权自土地承包经营权合同生效时设立。
Article 127 The right to the contracted management of land shall be established since the contract thereon goes into effect.

县级以上地方人民政府应当向土地承包经营权人发放土地承包经营权证、林权证、草原使用权证，并登记造册，确认土地承包经营权。
The local people's government at the country level or above shall issue a certificate of the right to the contracted management of land, a forestry right certificate or a grassland-use right certificate to the holder, register it in the brochure so as to confirm such rights.

第一百二十八条 土地承包经营权人依照农村土地承包法的规定，有权将土地承包经营权采取转包、互换、转让等方式流转。流转的期限不得超过承包期的剩余期限。未经依法批准，不得将承包地用于非农建设。
Article 128 The holder of the right to the contracted management of land has the right, in accordance with the provisions in the law on the contracting of rural land, to circulate his/her such right. The circulated term may not be more than the remnant term of the original contract. Any contracted land may not be used for non-agricultural constructions without approval.

第一百二十九条 土地承包经营权人将土地承包经营权互换、转让，当事人要求登记的，应当向县级以上地方人民政府申请土地承包经营权变更登记；未经登记，不得对抗善意第三人。
Article 129 In case the right to the contracted management of land is circulated by means of exchange or transfer, where the parties concerned require for the registration of such circulation, an application for the alteration registration thereof shall be filed to the local people's government at the county level or above. Without such registration, neither party may challenge any third party with good faith.

第一百三十条 承包期内发包人不得调整承包地。
Article 130 The contract-letting party may not readjust the contracted land within the duration of a contract.

因自然灾害严重毁损承包地等特殊情形，需要适当调整承包的耕地和草地的，应当依照农村土地承包法等法律规定办理。
In case it is necessary to readjust the cultivated land or grassland as contracted by virtue of such especial events as natural calamities that have materially injured the contracted land, a readjustment may, in accordance with the legal provisions in the law on the contracting of rural land and other related laws, be carried out.

第一百三十一条 承包期内发包人不得收回承包地。农村土地承包法等法律另有规定的，依照其规定。
Article 131 The contract-letting party may not take back the contracted land within the term of the contract. In case there exists any otherwise provision in the law on the contracting of rural land or any other law, such provision shall prevail.

第一百三十二条 承包地被征收的，土地承包经营权人有权依照本法第四十二条第二款的规定获得相应补偿。
Article 132 In case a contracted land is expropriated, the holder of the right to the contracted management of such land has the right to obtain corresponding compensations in accordance with Paragraph 2 of Article 42 in the present Law.

第一百三十三条 通过招标、拍卖、公开协商等方式承包荒地等农村土地，依照农村土地承包法等法律和国务院的有关规定，其土地承包经营权可以转让、入股、抵押或者以其他方式流转。
Article 133 As regards the barren land or other rural land that is contracted through bid invitation, auction, or open negotiation, etc, the right to the contracted management thereof may, according to the law on the contracting of rural land and other laws as well the related regulations of the State Council, be circulated by means of alienation, lease, equity contribution, or mortgage, etc.

第一百三十四条 国家所有的农用地实行承包经营的，参照本法的有关规定。
Article 134 In case the contracted management is conducted over any state-owned rural land, the related provisions in the present Law shall apply by analogy.

第十二章 建设用地使用权
Chapter XII Right to Use Construction Land

第一百三十五条 建设用地使用权人依法对国家所有的土地享有占有、使用和收益的权利，有权利用该土地建造建筑物、构筑物及其附属设施。
Article 135 The holder of the right to use construction land has the right to possess, use and seek proceeds from the land owned by the state, and shall be entitled to the construction of buildings, fixtures and their auxiliary facilities by making use of such land.

第一百三十六条 建设用地使用权可以在土地的地表、地上或者地下分别设立。新设立的建设用地使用权，不得损害已设立的用益物权。
Article 136 The right to use construction land may be created separately on the surface of or above or under the land. The newly-established one may not injure the usufructuary right that has already been established.

第一百三十七条 设立建设用地使用权，可以采取出让或者划拨等方式。
Article 137 The right to use construction land may be created through transfer or allotment, etc.

工业、商业、旅游、娱乐和商品住宅等经营性用地以及同一土地有两个以上意向用地者的，应当采取招标、拍卖等公开竞价的方式出让。
As regards the land used for purposes of industry, business, entertainment or commercial dwelling houses, etc. as well as the land with two or more intended users, the alienation thereof shall adopt such means as auction, bid invitation or any other public bidding method.

严格限制以划拨方式设立建设用地使用权。采取划拨方式的，应当遵守法律、行政法规关于土地用途的规定。
It is severely restrained to create the right to use construction land through allotment. For adopting such means, the provisions on land uses in the laws and administrative regulations shall be observed.

第一百三十八条 采取招标、拍卖、协议等出让方式设立建设用地使用权的，当事人应当采取书面形式订立建设用地使用权出让合同。
Article 138 In case the right to use construction land is created through auction, bid invitation, or agreement, etc., the related parties shall conclude a written contract on the transfer of such right.

建设用地使用权出让合同一般包括下列条款：
In general, a contract on transfer of the right to use construction land shall contain the items as follows:

（一） 当事人的名称和住所；
(1) name and domicile of the parties concerned;

（二） 土地界址、面积等；
(2) [] and acreage, etc. of the land;

（三） 建筑物、构筑物及其附属设施占用的空间；
(3) space to be covered by buildings, fixtures and affiliated facilities thereof;

（四） 土地用途；
(4) use purposes;

（五） 使用期限；
(5) use term;

（六） 出让金等费用及其支付方式；
(6) payment methods for allotment fees and other fees; and

（七） 解决争议的方法。
(7) dispute settlement method.

第一百三十九条 设立建设用地使用权的，应当向登记机构申请建设用地使用权登记。建设用地使用权自登记时设立。登记机构应当向建设用地使用权人发放建设用地使用权证书。
Article 139 For establishing the right to use construction land, an application for registering such right shall be submitted to the registration organ. The right to use construction land shall be established as of the accomplishment of such registration. A certificate on the right to use construction land shall be issued by the registration organ to the holder of the right to use construction land.

第一百四十条 建设用地使用权人应当合理利用土地，不得改变土地用途；需要改变土地用途的，应当依法经有关行政主管部门批准。
Article 140 The holder of the right to use construction land shall reasonably use the land and may not alter the use purpose. In case the purpose of land use needs to be altered, the approval of the relevant administrative department shall be obtained.

第一百四十一条 建设用地使用权人应当依照法律规定以及合同约定支付出让金等费用。
Article 141 The holder of the right to use construction land shall, according to the legal provisions and the contract, pay transfer fees and other fees.

第一百四十二条 建设用地使用权人建造的建筑物、构筑物及其附属设施的所有权属于建设用地使用权人，但有相反证据证明的除外。
Article 142 As regards the buildings, fixtures and their affiliated facilities built by the holder of the right to use construction land, the holder shall enjoy the ownership thereof, unless it is otherwise proved by any contrary evidence.

第一百四十三条 建设用地使用权人有权将建设用地使用权转让、互换、出资、赠与或者抵押，但法律另有规定的除外。
Article 143 Unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law, the holder of the right to use construction land has the right to alienate, exchange, use as equity contributions, endow or mortgage the right to use construction land.

第一百四十四条 建设用地使用权转让、互换、出资、赠与或者抵押的，当事人应当采取书面形式订立相应的合同。使用期限由当事人约定，但不得超过建设用地使用权的剩余期限。
Article 144 For alienating, exchanging, using as equity contribution, endowing, or mortgaging the right to use construction land, the parties shall enter into a corresponding written contract. The parties concerned may make stipulations on the contractual term, but which may not exceed the remnant term as stipulated in the contract on transfer of the right to use construction land.

第一百四十五条 建设用地使用权转让、互换、出资或者赠与的，应当向登记机构申请变更登记。
Article 145 For alienating, exchanging, using as equity contribution, endowing, or mortgaging the right to use construction land, an application for alteration registration shall be submitted to the registration organ.

第一百四十六条 建设用地使用权转让、互换、出资或者赠与的，附着于该土地上的建筑物、构筑物及其附属设施一并处分。
Article 146 When alienating, exchanging, using as equity contribution, endowing, or mortgaging the right to use construction land, the buildings, fixtures and affiliated facilities thereof on such land shall be disposed of at the same time.

第一百四十七条 建筑物、构筑物及其附属设施转让、互换、出资或者赠与的，该建筑物、构筑物及其附属设施占用范围内的建设用地使用权一并处分。
Article 147 When alienating, exchanging, using as equity contribution, endowing, or mortgaging the buildings, fixtures and affiliated facilities thereof, the right to use construction land covered by the aforesaid buildings, fixtures and affiliated facilities thereof shall be disposed of at the same time.

第一百四十八条 建设用地使用权期间届满前，因公共利益需要提前收回该土地的，应当依照本法第四十二条的规定对该土地上的房屋及其他不动产给予补偿，并退还相应的出让金。
Article 148 Before the term of the right to use construction land expires, where it is necessary to take back the land in advance by virtue of public interests, compensations shall, according to Article 42 of this Law, be given to the houses and other realties on such land, and corresponding land transfer fees shall be returned back.

第一百四十九条 住宅建设用地使用权期间届满的，自动续期。
Article 149 When the term of the right to use construction land for dwelling houses expires, it shall be renewed automatically.

非住宅建设用地使用权期间届满后的续期，依照法律规定办理。该土地上的房屋及其他不动产的归属，有约定的，按照约定；没有约定或者约定不明确的，依照法律、行政法规的规定办理。
As regards the term of the right to use construction land not for dwelling houses, the renewing shall be subject to legal provisions. In case there exists any stipulation on the ownership of houses and other realties on the aforesaid land, such stipulation shall prevail; in the case of no or unclear such stipulation, the ownership shall be determined in accordance with the provisions in the laws and administrative regulations.

第一百五十条 建设用地使用权消灭的，出让人应当及时办理注销登记。登记机构应当收回建设用地使用权证书。
Article 150 Where the right to use construction land is terminated, the transferor shall go through deregistration formalities in time, and the certificate on the right to use construction land shall be taken back by the registration organ.

第一百五十一条 集体所有的土地作为建设用地的，应当依照土地管理法等法律规定办理。
Article 151 Where a piece of collectively-owned land is used as construction land, it shall be handled in accordance with the law on land administration and other related laws.

第十三章 宅基地使用权
Chapter XIII Right to Use House Sites

第一百五十二条 宅基地使用权人依法对集体所有的土地享有占有和使用的权利，有权依法利用该土地建造住宅及其附属设施。
Article 152 The holder of the right to use house sites has the right to possess and use land owned by a collective, and to construct residential houses and affiliated facilities thereof by utilizing such land.

第一百五十三条 宅基地使用权的取得、行使和转让，适用土地管理法等法律和国家有关规定。
Article 153 For acquiring, exercising and alienating the right to use house sites, the law on land administration, other related laws and the related provisions of the state shall apply.

第一百五十四条 宅基地因自然灾害等原因灭失的，宅基地使用权消灭。对失去宅基地的村民，应当重新分配宅基地。
Article 154 The right to use house site shall be terminated where a house site is terminated by virtue of any natural disaster, etc.. A villager losing a house site shall be allotted a house site again.

第一百五十五条 已经登记的宅基地使用权转让或者消灭的，应当及时办理变更登记或者注销登记。
Article 155 The alteration or cancellation registration shall be made in time in the case of the alienation or termination of a registered right to use house sites.

第十四章 地役权
Chapter XIV Easement

第一百五十六条 地役权人有权按照合同约定，利用他人的不动产，以提高自己的不动产的效益。
Article 156 An easement holder shall, according to the contract, be entitled to utilize the realty of someone else so as to enhance the efficiency of his own realty.

前款所称他人的不动产为供役地，自己的不动产为需役地。
The term "realty of someone else" as referred to in the preceding Paragraph shall be the servient tenement, and "one's own realty" shall be the dominant tenement.

第一百五十七条 设立地役权，当事人应当采取书面形式订立地役权合同。
Article 157 For establishing an easement, the parties concerned shall enter into an written easement contract.

地役权合同一般包括下列条款：
In general, an easement contract shall contain the items as follows:

（一） 当事人的姓名或者名称和住所；
(1) name and domicile of the related parties;

（二） 供役地和需役地的位置；
(2) []s of servient tenement and dominant tenement;

（三） 利用目的和方法；
(3) purposes of use and methods;

（四） 利用期限；
(4) use term;

（五） 费用及其支付方式；
(5) fees and payment method; and

（六） 解决争议的方法。
(6) dispute settlement method.

第一百五十八条 地役权自地役权合同生效时设立。当事人要求登记的，可以向登记机构申请地役权登记；未经登记，不得对抗善意第三人。
Article 158 The easement shall be established since the easement contract comes into effect. Where the related parties considers that the registration thereof is necessary, they may apply to the registration organ for easement registration; otherwise, they may not challenge any third party with good faith.

第一百五十九条 供役地权利人应当按照合同约定，允许地役权人利用其土地，不得妨害地役权人行使权利。
Article 159 The holder of servient tenement shall allow an easement holder to use his/its land in accordance with the contract, and may not hamper the latter from exercising the right.

第一百六十条 地役权人应当按照合同约定的利用目的和方法利用供役地，尽量减少对供役地权利人物权的限制。
Article 160 An easement holder shall, according to the purposes and methods as stipulated in the contract, use the servient tenement, and make efforts to reduce the real right restrictions on the holder of the servient tenement.

第一百六十一条 地役权的期限由当事人约定，但不得超过土地承包经营权、建设用地使用权等用益物权的剩余期限。
Article 161 The easement term shall be stipulated by the related parties, however, it can not be longer than the remnant term of such usufructuary rights as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use construction land, etc.

第一百六十二条 土地所有权人享有地役权或者负担地役权的，设立土地承包经营权、宅基地使用权时，该土地承包经营权人、宅基地使用权人继续享有或者负担已设立的地役权。
Article 162 As regards the easement enjoyed or assumed by the owner of the land, where the right to the contracted management of land or the right to use house site is created, holders of such rights the right to the contracted management of land or rights may continuously enjoy or assume such established easement.

第一百六十三条 土地上已设立土地承包经营权、建设用地使用权、宅基地使用权等权利的，未经用益物权人同意，土地所有权人不得设立地役权。
Article 163 Where any such usufructuary right as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use house site, etc on the land has already been established, the land owner may, without consent of the aforesaid usufructuary right holder, not establish any easement.

第一百六十四条 地役权不得单独转让。土地承包经营权、建设用地使用权等转让的，地役权一并转让，但合同另有约定的除外。
Article 164 The easement may not be transferred alone. Unless it is otherwise stipulated by the contract, where any such usufructuary right as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use construction land, the right to use house site, etc is alienated, the easement shall be alienated at the same time.

第一百六十五条 地役权不得单独抵押。土地承包经营权、建设用地使用权等抵押的，在实现抵押权时，地役权一并转让。
Article 165 The easement may not be mortgaged alone. Where the right to the contracted management of land or the right to use construction land, etc. is mortgaged, when such mortgage is realized, the easement shall be alienated simultaneously.

第一百六十六条 需役地以及需役地上的土地承包经营权、建设用地使用权部分转让时，转让部分涉及地役权的，受让人同时享有地役权。
Article 166 When the dominant tenement as well as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use construction land or the right to use house site thereon are partially alienated, the transferee shall enjoy the easement simultaneously in case the easement is involved in the alienated part,.

第一百六十七条 供役地以及供役地上的土地承包经营权、建设用地使用权部分转让时，转让部分涉及地役权的，地役权对受让人具有约束力。
Article 167 When the servient tenement as well as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use construction land thereon are partially alienated, the easement shall be binding on the alienatee if the easement is involved in alienated part.

第一百六十八条 地役权人有下列情形之一的，供役地权利人有权解除地役权合同，地役权消灭：
Article 168 The holder of the servient tenement has the right to rescind the easement contract in case an easement holder is under any of the following circumstances, and the easement shall be terminated:

（一） 违反法律规定或者合同约定，滥用地役权；
(1) to go against the legal provisions or the contract, or misuse the easement; or

（二） 有偿利用供役地，约定的付款期间届满后在合理期限内经两次催告未支付费用。
(2) as regards the paid use of servient tenement, upon expiration of the stipulated time limit for payment, fails to pay fees within a reasonable period for two times after being urged to do so.

第一百六十九条 已经登记的地役权变更、转让或者消灭的，应当及时办理变更登记或者注销登记。
Article 169 For changing, alienating or eliminating the registered easement, the alteration or cancellation registration shall be go through in a timely manner.