第一百八十一条  船舶和其他财产的获救价值，是指船舶和其他财产获救后的估计价值或者实际出卖的收入，扣除有关税款和海关、检疫、检验费用以及行卸载、保管、估价、出卖而产生的费用后的价值。

Article 181 The salved value of the ship and other property means the assessed value of the ship and other property salved or the proceeds of the sale thereof, after deduction of the relevant taxes and customs dues, quarantine expenses, inspection charges as well as expenses incurred in connection with the discharge, storage, assessment of the value and the sale thereof.

前款规定的价值不包括船员的获救的私人物品和旅客的获救的自带行李的价值。

The value prescribed in the preceding paragraph does not include the value of the salved personal belongings of the crew and that of the cabin luggage of the passengers.

第一百八十二条  对构成环境污染损害危险的船舶或者船上货物进行的救助，救助方依照本法第一百八十条规定获得的救助报酬，少于依照本条规定可以到的特别补偿的，救助方有权依照本条规定，从船舶所有人处获得相当于救助费用的特别补偿。

Article 182 If the salvor has carried out the salvage operations in respect of a ship which by itself or its goods threatened pollution damage to the environment and has failed to earn a reward under Article 180 of this Code at least equivalent to the special compensation assessable in accordance with this Article, he shall be entitled to special compensation from the owner of that ship equivalent to his expenses as herein defined.

救助人进行前款规定的救助作业，取得防止或者减少环境污染损害效果的，船舶所有人依照前款规定应当向救助方支付的特别补偿可以另行增加，增加的数额可以达到救助费用的百分之三十。

If the salvor has carried out the salvage operations prescribed in the preceding paragraph and has prevented or minimized pollution damage to the environment, the special compensation payable by the owner to the salvor under paragraph 1 of this Article may be increased by an amount up to a maximum of 30% of the expenses incurred by the salvor.

受理争议的法院或者仲裁机构认为适当，并且考虑到本法第一百八十条第一款的规定，可以判决或者裁决进一步增加特别补偿数额；但是，在任何情况下，增加部分不得超过救助费用的百分之一百。

The court which has entertained the suit or the arbitration organization may, if it deems fair and just and taking into consideration the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 180 of this Code, render a judgment or an award further increasing the amount of such special compensation, but in no event shall the total increase be more than 100% of the expenses incurred by the salvor.

本条所称救助费用，是指救助方在救助作业中直接支付的合理费用以及实际使用救助设备、投入救助人员的合理费用。

The salvor's expenses referred to in this Article means the salvor's outofpocket expenses reasonably incurred in the salvage operation and the reasonable expenses for the equipment and personnel actually used in the salvage operation.

确定救助费用应当考虑本法第一百八十条第一款第（八）、（九）、（十）项的规定。

In determining the salvor's expenses, the provisions of subparagraphs (8), (9) and (10) of paragraph 1 of Article 180 of this Code shall be taken into consideration.

在任何情况下，本条规定的全部特别补偿，只有在超过救助方依照本法第一百八十条规定能够获得的救助报酬时，方可支付，支付金额为特别补偿超过救助报酬的差额部分。

Under all circumstances, the total special compensation provided for in this Article shall be paid only if such compensation is greater than the reward recoverable by the salvor under Article 180 of this Code, and the amount to be paid shall be the difference between the special compensation and the reward.

由于救助方的过失未能防止或者减少环境污染损害的，可以全部或者部分地剥夺救助方获得特别补偿的权利。

If the salvor has been negligent and has thereby failed to prevent or minimize the pollution damage to the environment, the salvor may be totally or partly deprived of the right to the special compensation.

本条规定不影响船舶所有人对其他被救助方的追偿权。

Nothing in this Article shall affect the right of recourse on the part of the shipowner against any other parties salved.

第一百八十三条  救助报酬的金额，应当由获救的船舶和其他财产的各所有人，按照船舶和其他各项财产各自的获救价值占全部获救价值的比例承担。

Article 183 The salvage reward shall be paid by the owners of the salved ship and other property in accordance with the respective proportions which the salved values of the ship and other property bear to the total salved value.

第一百八十四条  参加同一救助作业的各救助方的救助报酬，应当根据本法第一百八十条规定的标准，由各方协商确定；

Article 184 The distribution of salvage reward among the salvors taking part in the same salvage operation shall be made by agreement among such salvors on the basis of the criteria set out in Article 180 of this Code;

协商不成的，可以提请受理争议法院判决或者经各方协议提请仲裁机构裁决。

failing such agreement, the matter may be brought before the court hearing the case for judgment, or, upon the agreement of the parties, submitted to the arbitration organization for an award.

第一百八十五条  在救助作业中救助人命的救助方，对获救人员不得请求酬金，但是有权从救助船舶或者其他财产、防止或者减少环境污染损害的救助方得的救助款项中，获得合理的份额。

Article 185 The salvors of human life may not demand any remuneration from those whose lives are saved. However, salvors of human life are entitled to a fair share of the payment awarded to the salvors for salving the ship or other property or for preventing or minimizing the pollution damage to the environment.

第一百八十六条  下列救助行为无权获得救助款项：

Article 186 The following salvage operations shall not be entitled to remuneration:

（一）正常履行拖航合同或者其他服务合同的义务进行救助的，但是提供不属于履行上述义务的特殊劳务除外；

(1) The salvage operation is carried out as a duty to normally perform a towage contract or other service contract, with the exception, however, of providing special services beyond the performance of the above said duty.

（二）不顾遇险的船舶的船长、船舶所有人或者其他财产所有人明确的和合理的拒绝，仍然进行救助的。

(2) The salvage operation is carried out in spite of the express and reasonable prohibition on the part of the Master of the ship in distress, the owner of the ship in question and the owner of the other property.

第一百八十七条  由于救助方的过失致使救助作业成为必需或者更加困难的，或者救助方有欺诈或者其他不诚实行为的，应当取消或者减少向救助方支付救助款项。

Article 187 Where the salvage operations have become necessary or more difficult due to the fault of the salvor or where the salvor has committed fraud or other dishonest conduct, the salvor shall be deprived of the whole or part of the payment payable to him.

第一百八十八条  被救助方在救助作业结束后，应当根据救助方的要求，对救助款项提供满意的担保。

Article 188 After the completion of the salvage operation, the party salved shall, at the request of the salvor, provide satisfactory security for salvage reward and other charges.

在不影响前款规定的情况下，获救船舶的船舶所有人应当在获救的货物交还前，尽力使货物的所有人对其应当承担的救助款项提供满意的担保。

Without prejudice to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the owner of the ship salved shall, before the release of the goods, make best endeavours to cause the owners of the property salved to provide satisfactory security for the share of the payment that they ought to bear.

在未根据救助人的要求对获救的船舶或者其他财产提供满意的担保以前，未经救助方同意，不得将获救的船舶和其他财产从救助作业完成后最初到达的港口或者地点移走。

Without the consent of the salvor, the ship or other property salved shall not be removed from the port or place at which they first arrived after the completion of the salvage operation, until satisfactory security has been provided with respect to the ship or other property salved, as demanded by the salvor.

第一百八十九条  受理救助款项请求的法院或者仲裁机构，根据具体情况，在合理的条件下，可以裁定或者裁决被救助方向救助方先行支付适当的金额。

Article 189 The court or the arbitration organization handling the salvor's claim for payment may, in light of the specific circumstances and under fair and just terms, decide or make an award ordering the party salved to pay on account an appropriate amount to the salvor.

被救助方根据前款规定先行支付金额后，其根据本法第一百八十八条规定提供的担保金额应当相应扣减。

On the basis of the payment on account made by the party salved in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the security provided under Article 188 of this Code shall be reduced accordingly.

第一百九十条  对于获救满九十日的船舶和其他财产，如果被救助方不支付救助款项也不提供满意的担保，救助方可以申请法院裁定强制拍卖；

Article 190 If the party salved has neither made the payment nor provided satisfactory security for the ship and other property salved after 90 days of the salvage, the salvor may apply to the court for an order on forced sale by auction.

对于无法管、不易保管或者保管费用可能超过其价值的获救的船舶和其他财产，可以申请提前拍卖。

With respect to the ship or the property salved that cannot be kept or cannot be properly kept, or the storage charge to be incurred may exceed its value, the salvor may apply for an earlier forced sale by auction.

拍卖所得价款，在扣除保管和拍卖过程中的一切费用后，依照本法规定支付救助款项；剩余的金额，退还被救助方；无法退还、自拍卖之日起满一年又无人认领的，上缴国库；

The proceeds of the sale shall, after deduction of the expenses incurred for the storage and sale, be used for the payment in accordance with the provisions of this Code. The remainder, if any, shall be returned to the party salved, and, if there is no way to return the remainder or if the remainder has not been claimed after one year of the forced sale, it shall go to the State Treasury.

不足的金额，救助方有权向被救助方追偿。

In case of any deficiency, the salvor has the right of recourse against the party salved.

第一百九十一条  同一船舶所有人的船舶之间进行的救助，救助方获得救助款项的权利适用本章规定。

Article 191 The provisions of this Chapter shall apply to the salvor's right to the payment for the salvage operations carried out between the ships of the same owner.

第一百九十二条  国家有关主管机关从事或者控制的救助作业，救助方有权享受本章规定的关于救助作业的权利和补偿。

Article 192 With respect to the salvage operations performed or controlled by the relevant competent authorities of the State, the salvors shall be entitled to avail themselves of the rights and remedies provided for in this Chapter in respect of salvage operations.

第十章  共同海损

Chapter X General Average

第一百九十三条  共同海损，是指在同一海上航程中，船舶、货物和其他财产遭遇共同危险，为了共同安全，有意地合理地采取措施所直接造成的特殊牺、支付的特殊费用。

Article 193 General average means the extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure intentionally and reasonably made or incurred for the common safety for the purpose of preserving from peril the ship, goods or other property involved in a common maritime adventure.

无论在航程中或者在航程结束后发生的船舶或者货物因迟延所造成的损失，包括船期损失和行市损失以及其他间接损失，均不得列入共同海损。

Loss or damage sustained by the ship or goods through delay, whether on the voyage or subsequently, such as demurrage and loss of market as well as other indirect losses, shall not be admitted as general average.

第一百九十四条  船舶因发生意外、牺牲或者其他特殊情况而损坏时，为了安全完成本航程，驶入避难港口、避难地点或者驶回装货港口、装货地点进行要的修理，在该港口或者地点额外停留期间所支付的港口费，船员工资、给养，船舶所消耗的燃料、物料，为修理而卸载、储存、重装或者搬移船上货物、燃料、物料以及其他财产所造成的损失、支付的费用，应当列入共同海损。

Article 194 When a ship, after having been damaged in consequence of accident, sacrifice or other extraordinary circumstances, shall have entered a port or place of refuge or returned to its port or place of loading to effect repairs which are necessary for the safe prosecution of the voyage, then the port charges paid, the wages and maintenance of the crew incurred and the fuel and stores consumed during the extra period of detention in such port or place, as well as the loss or damage and charges arising from the discharge, storage, reloading and handling of the goods, fuel, stores and other property on board in order to have the repairs done shall be allowed as general average.

第一百九十五条  为代替可以列为共同海损的特殊费用而支付的额外费用，可以作为代替费用列入共同海损；但是，列入共同海损的代替费用的金额，不超过被代替的共同海损的特殊费用。

Article 195 Any extra expense incurred in place of another expense which would have been allowed as general average shall be deemed to be general average and so allowed, but the amount of such expense incurred shall not be in excess of the general average expense avoided.

第一百九十六条  提出共同海损分摊请求的一方应当负举证责任，证明其损失应当列人共同海损。

Article 196 The onus of proof shall be upon the party claiming in general average to show that the loss or expense claimed is properly allowable as general average.

第一百九十七条  引起共同海损特殊牺牲、特殊费用的事故，可能是由航程中一方的过失造成的，不影响该方要求分摊共同海损的权利；

Article 197 Rights to contribution in general average shall not be affected, though the event which gave rise to the sacrifice or expenditure may have been due to the fault of one of the parties to the adventure.

但是，非过失方者过失方可以就此项过失提出赔偿请求或者进行抗辩。

However, this shall not prejudice any remedies or defences which may be open against or to that party in respect of such fault.

第一百九十八条  船舶、货物和运费的共同海损牺牲的金额，依照下列规定确定：

Article 198 The amounts of sacrifice of the ship, the goods and the freight shall be respectively determined as follows:

（一）船舶共同海损牺牲的金额，按照实际支付的修理费，减除合理的以新换旧的扣减额计算。

(1) The amount of sacrifice of the ship shall be calculated on the basis of the repair cost of the ship actually paid, from which any reasonable deduction in respect of "new for old" being made.

船舶尚未修理的，按照牺牲造成的合理贬值计算，但是不得超过估计的修理费。

Where the ship has not been repaired after the sacrifice, the amount of sacrifice thereof shall be calculated on the basis of the reasonable reduced value of ship after the general average sacrifice. Such amount shall not exceed the estimated cost of repair.

船舶发生实际全损或者修理费用超过修复后的船舶价值的，共同海损牺牲金额按照该船舶在完好状态下的估计价值，减除不属于共同海损损坏的估计的修理费和该船舶受损后的价值的余额计算。

Where the ship is an actual total loss or where the cost of repair would exceed the value of the ship after the repair, the amount of sacrifice of the ship shall be calculated on the basis of the estimated sound value of the ship, less the estimated cost of repair not allowable as general average, as well as the value of the ship after the damage.

（二）货物共同海损牺牲的金额，货物灭失的，按照货物在装船时的价值加保险费加运费，减除由于牺牲无需支付的运费计算。

(2) The amount of sacrifice of the goods already lost shall be calculated on the basis of the value of the goods at the time of shipment plus insurance and freight, from which the freight that need not be paid due to the sacrifice made being deducted.

货物损坏，在就损坏程度达成协议前售出的，按照货物在装船时的价值加保险费加运费，与出售货物净得的差额计算。

For the damaged goods that had already been sold before an agreement was reached on the extent of the damage sustained, the amount of sacrifice thereof shall be calculated on the basis of the difference between the value of the goods at the time of shipment plus insurance and freight, and the net proceeds of the goods so sold.

（三）运费共同海损牺牲的金额，按照货物遭受牺牲造成的运费的损失金额，减除为取得这笔运费本应支付，但是由于牺牲无需支付的营运费用计算。

(3) The amount of sacrifice of the freight shall be calculated on the basis of the amount of loss of freight on account of the sacrifice of the goods, from which the operating expenses that ought to be paid in order to earn such freight but need not be paid because of the sacrifice shall be deducted.

第一百九十九条  共同海损应当由受益方按照各自的分摊价值的比例分摊。

Article 199 The contribution in general average shall be made in proportion to the contributory values of the respective beneficiaries.

船舶、货物和运费的共同海损分摊价值，分别依照下列规定确定：

The contributory value in general average by the ship, goods and freight shall be determined as follows:

（一）船舶共同海损分摊价值，按照船舶在航程终止时的完好价值，减除不属于共同海损的损失金额计算，或者按照船舶在航程终止时的实际价值，加上共同海损牺牲的金额计算。

(1) The contributory value of the ship shall be calculated on the basis of the sound value of the ship at the place where the voyage ends, from which any damage that does not come under general average sacrifice being deducted; alternately, the actual value of the ship at the place where the voyage ends, plus the amount of general average sacrifice.

（二）货物共同海损分摊价值，按照货物在装船时的价值加保险费加运费，减除不属于共同海损的损失金额和承运人承担风险的运费计算。

(2) The contributory value of the goods shall be calculated on the basis of the value of the goods at the time of shipment plus insurance and freight, from which the damage that does not come under the general average sacrifice and the carrier's freight at risk being deducted.

货物在抵达目的港以前售出的，按照出售净得金额，加上共同海损牺牲的金额计算。

Where the goods had been sold before its arrival at the port of destination, its value for contribution shall be the net proceeds plus the amount of general average sacrifice.

旅客的行李和私人物品，不分摊共同海损。

Passenger's luggage and personal belongings shall not be included in the value for contribution.

（三）运费分摊价值，按照承运人承担风险并于航程终止时有权收取的运费，减除为取得该项运费而在共同海损事故发生后，为完成本航程所支付的营运费用，如上共同海损牺牲的金额计算。

(3) The contributory value of freight shall be calculated on the basis of the amount of freight at the risk of the carrier and which the carrier is entitled to collect at the end of the voyage, less any expense incurred for the prosecution of the voyage after the general average, in order to earn the freight, plus the amount of general average sacrifice.

第二百条  未申报的货物或者谎报的货物，应当参加共同海损分摊；其遭受的特殊牺牲，不得列入共同海损。

Article 200 Goods undeclared or wrongfully declared shall be liable for the contribution to general average, but the special sacrifice sustained by such goods shall not be allowed as general average.

不正当地以低于货物实际价值作为申报价值的，按照实际价值分摊共同海损；在发生共同海损牺牲时，按照申报价值计算牺牲金额。

Where the value of the goods has been improperly declared at a value below its actual value, the contribution to general average shall be made on the basis of their actual value and, where a general average sacrifice has occurred, the amount of sacrifice shall be calculated on the basis of the declared value.

第二百零一条  对共同海损特殊牺牲和垫付的共同海损特殊费用，应当计算利息。

Article 201 Interest shall be allowed on general average sacrifice and general average expenses paid on account.

对垫付的共同海损特殊费用，除船员工资、给养和船舶消耗的燃料、物外，应当计算手续费。

A commission shall be allowed for the general average expenses paid on account, except those for the wages and maintenance of the crew and fuel and store consumed.

第二百零二条  经利益关系人要求，各分摊方应当提供共同海损担保。

Article 202 The contributing parties shall provide security for general average contribution at the request of the parties that have an interest therein.

以提供保证金方式进行共同海损担保的，保证金应当交由海损理算师以保管人名义存入银行。

Where the security has been provided in the form of cash deposits, such deposits shall be put in a bank by an average adjuster in the name of a trustee.

保证金的提供、使用或者退还，不影响各方最终的分摊责任。

The provision, use and refund of the deposits shall be without prejudice to the ultimate liability of the contributing parties.

第二百零三条  共同海损理算，适用合同约定的理算规则；合同未约定的，适用本章的规定。

Article 203 The adjustment of general average shall be governed by the average adjustment rules agreed upon in the relevant contract. In the absence of such an agreement in the contract, the relevant provisions contained in this Chapter shall apply.

第十一章  海事赔偿责任限制

Chapter XI Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims

第二百零四条  船舶所有人、救助人，对本法第二百零七条所列海事赔偿请求，可以依照本章规定限制赔偿责任。

Article 204 Shipowners and salvors may limit their liability in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter for claims set out in Article 207 of this Code.

前款所称的船舶所有人，包括船舶承租人和船舶经营人。

The shipowners referred to in the preceding paragraph shall include the charterer and the operator of a ship.

第二百零五条  本法第二百零七条所列海事赔偿请求，不是向船舶所有人、救助人本人提出，而是向他们对其行为、过失负有责任的人员提出的，这些人可以依照本章规定限制赔偿责任。

Article 205 If the claims set out in Article 207 of this Code are not made against shipowners or salvors themselves but against persons for whose act, neglect or default the shipowners or salvors are responsible, such persons may limit their liability in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter.

第二百零六条  被保险人依照本章规定可以限制赔偿责任的，对该海事赔偿请求承担责任的保险人，有权依照本章规定享受相同的赔偿责任限制。

Article 206 Where the assured may limit his liability in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter, the insurer liable for the maritime claims shall be entitled to the limitation of liability under this Chapter to the same extent as the assured.

第二百零七条  下列海事赔偿请求，除本法第二百零八条和第二百零九条另有规定外，无论赔偿责任的基础有何不同，责任人均可以依照本章规定限制赔责任：

Article 207 Except as provided otherwise in Articles 208 and 209 of this Code, with respect to the following maritime claims, the person liable may limit his liability in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter, whatever the basis of liability may be:

（一）在船上发生的或者与船舶营运、救助作业直接相关的人身伤亡或者财产的灭失、损坏，包括对港口工程、港池、航道和助航设施造成的损坏，以及由此引起的相应损失的赔偿请求；

(1) Claims in respect of loss of life or personal injury or loss of or damage to property including damage to harbour works, basins and waterways and aids to navigation occurring on board or in direct connection with the operation of the ship or with salvage operations, as well as consequential damages resulting therefrom;

（二）海上货物运输因迟延交付或者旅客及其行李运输因迟延到达造成损失的赔偿请求；

(2) Claims in respect of loss resulting from delay in delivery in the carriage of goods by sea or from delay in the arrival of passengers or their luggage;

（三）与船舶营运或者救助作业直接相关的，侵犯非合同权利的行为造成其他损失的赔偿请求；

(3) Claims in respect of other loss resulting from infringement of rights other than contractual rights occurring in direct connection with the operation of the ship or salvage operations;

（四）责任人以外的其他人，为避免或者减少责任人依照本章规定可以限制赔偿责任的损失而采取措施的赔偿请求，以及因此项措施造成进一步损失的赔偿请求。

(4) Claims of a person other than the person liable in respect of measures taken to avert or minimize loss for which the person liable may limit his liability in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter, and further loss caused by such measures.

前款所列赔偿请求，无论提出的方式有何不同，均可以限制赔偿责任。

All the claims set out in the preceding paragraph, whatever the way they are lodged, may be entitled to limitation of liability.

但是，第（四）项涉及责任人以合同约定支付的报酬，责任人的支付责任不得援用本条赔偿责任限制的规定。

However, with respect to the remuneration set out in sub-paragraph (4) for which the person liable pays as agreed upon in the contract, in relation to the obligation for payment, the person liable may not invoke the provisions on limitation of liability of this Article.

第二百零八条  本章规定不适用于下列各项：

Article 208 The provisions of this Chapter shall not be applicable to the following claims:

（一）对救助款项或者共同海损分摊的请求；

(1) Claims for salvage payment or contribution in general average;

（二）中华人民共和国参加的国际油污损害民事责任公约规定的油污损害的赔偿请求；

(2) Claims for oil pollution damage under the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage to which the People's Republic of China is a party;

（三）中华人民共和国参加的国际核能损害责任限制公约规定的核能损害的赔偿请求；

(3) Claims for nuclear damage under the International Convention on Limitation of Liability for Nuclear Damage to which the People's Republic of China is a party;

（四）核动力船舶造成的核能损害的赔偿请求；

(4) Claims against the shipowner of a nuclear ship for nuclear damage;

（五）船舶所有人或者救助人的受雇人提出的赔偿请求，根据调整劳务合同的法律，船舶所有人或者救助人对该类赔偿请求无权限制赔偿责任，或者该项法律作了高于本章规定的赔偿限额的规定。

(5) Claims by the servants of the shipowner or salvor, if under the law governing the contract of employment, the shipowner or salvor is not entitled to limit his liability or if he is by such law only permitted to limit his liability to an amount greater than that provided for in this Chapter.

第二百零九条  经证明，引起赔偿请求的损失是由于责任人的故意或者明知可能造成损失而轻率地作为或者不作为造成的，责任人无权依照本章规定限制偿责任。

Article 209 A person liable shall not be entitled to limit his liability in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter, if it is proved that the loss resulted from his act or omission done with the intent to cause such loss or recklessly and with knowledge that such loss would probably result.

第二百一十条  除本法第二百一十一条另有规定外，海事赔偿责任限制，依照下列规定计算赔偿限额：

Article 210 The limitation of liability for maritime claims, except as otherwise provided for in Article 211 of this Code, shall be calculated as follows:

（一）关于人身伤亡的赔偿请求

(1) In respect of claims for loss of life or personal injury:

１．总吨位３００吨至５００吨的船舶，赔偿限额为３３３０００计算单位；

a) 333,000 Units of Account for a ship with a gross tonnage ranging from 300 to 500 tons;

２．总吨位超过５００吨的船舶，５００吨以下部分适用本项第１目的规定，５００吨以上的部分，应当增加下列数额：

b) For a ship with a gross tonnage in excess of 500 tons, the limitation under a) above shall be applicable to the first 500 tons and the following amounts in addition to that set out under a) shall be applicable to the gross tonnage in excess of 500 tons:

５０１吨至３０００吨的部分，每吨增加５００计算单位；

For each ton from 501 to 3,000 tons: 500 Units of Account;

３００１吨至３００００吨的部分，每吨增加３３３计算单位；

For each ton from 3,001 to 30,000 tons: 333 Units of Account;

３０００１吨至７００００吨的部分，每吨增加２５０计算单位；

For each ton from 30,001 to 70,000 tons: 250 Units of Account;

超过７００００吨的部分，每吨增加１６７计算单位。

For each ton in excess of 70,000 tons: 167 Units of Account.

（二）关于非人身伤亡的赔偿请求

(2) In respect of claims other than that for loss of life or personal injury:

１．总吨位３００吨至５００吨的船舶，赔偿限额为１６７０００计算单位；

a) 167,000 Units of Account for a ship with a gross tonnage ranging from 300 to 500 tons;

２．总吨位超过５００吨的船舶，５００吨以下部分适用本项第１目的规定，５００吨以上的部分，应当增加下列数额：

b) For a ship with a gross tonnage in excess of 500 tons, the limitation under a) above shall be applicable to the first 500 tons, and the following amounts in addition to that under a) shall be applicable to the part in excess of 500 tons:

５０１吨至３００００吨的部分，每吨增加１６７计算单位；

For each ton from 501 to 30,000 tons: 167 Units of Account;

３０００１吨至７００００吨的部分，每吨增加１２５计算单位；

For each ton from 30,001 to 70,000 tons: 125 Units of Account;

超过７００００吨的部分，每吨增加８３计算单位。

For each ton in excess of 70,000 tons: 83 Units of Account.

（三）依照第（一）项规定的限额，不足以支付全部人身伤亡的赔偿请求的，其差额应当与非人身伤亡的赔偿请求并列，从第（二）项数额中按照比例受偿。

(3) Where the amount calculated in accordance with sub-paragraph (1) above is insufficient for payment of claims for loss of life or personal injury set out therein in full, the amount calculated in accordance with sub-paragraph (2) shall be available for payment of the unpaid balance of claims under sub-paragraph (1), and such unpaid balance shall rank rateably with claims set out under sub-paragraph (2).

（四）在不影响第（三）项关于人身伤亡赔偿请求的情况下，就港口工程、港池、航道和助航设施的损害提出的赔偿请求，应当较第（二）项中的其他赔偿请求优先受偿。

(4) However, without prejudice to the right of claims for loss of life or personal injury under sub-paragraph (3), claims in respect of damage to harbour works, basins and waterways and aids to navigation shall have priority over other claims under sub-paragraph (2).

（五）不以船舶进行救助作业或者在被救船舶上进行救助作业的救助人，其责任限额按照总吨位为１５００吨的船舶计算。

(5) The limitation of liability for any salvor not operating from any ship or for any salvor operating solely on the ship to, or in respect of which, he is rendering salvage services, shall be calculated according to a gross tonnage of 1,500 tons.

总吨位不满３００吨的船舶，从事中华人民共和国港口之间的运输的船舶，以及从事沿海作业的船舶，其赔偿限额由国务院交通主管部门制定，报国务院批准后施行。

The limitation of liability for ships with a gross tonnage not exceeding 300 tons and those engaging in transport services between the ports of the People's Republic of China as well as those for other coastal works shall be worked out by the competent authorities of transport and communications under the State Council and implemented after its being submitted to and approved by the State Council.

第二百一十一条  海上旅客运输的旅客人身伤亡赔偿责任限制，按照４６６６６计算单位乘以船舶证书规定的载客定额计算赔偿限额，但是最高不超过２００００００计算单位。

Article 211 In respect of claims for loss of life or personal injury to passengers carried by sea, the limitation of liability of the shipowner thereof shall be an amount of 46,666 Units of Account multiplied by the number of passengers which the ship is authorized to carry according to the ship's relevant certificate, but the maximum amount of compensation shall not exceed 25,000,000 Units of Account.

中华人民共和国港口之间海上旅客运输的旅客人身伤亡，赔偿限额由国务院交通主管部门制定，报国务院批准后施行。

The limitation of liability for claims for loss of life or personal injury to passengers carried by sea between the ports of the People's Republic of China shall be worked out by the competent authorities of transport and communications under the State Council and implemented after its being submitted to and approved by the State Council.

第二百一十二条  本法第二百一十条和第二百一十一条规定的赔偿限额，适用于特定场合发生的事故引起的，向船舶所有人、救助人本人和他们对其行为过失负有责任的人员提出的请求的总额。

Article 212 The limitation of liability under Articles 210 and 211 of this Code shall apply to the aggregate of all claims that may arise on any given occasion against shipowners and salvors themselves, and any person for whose act, neglect or fault the shipowners and the salvors are responsible.

第二百一十三条  责任人要求依照本法规定限制赔偿责任的，可以在有管辖权的法院设立责任限制基金。

Article 213 Any person liable claiming the limitation of liability under this Code may constitute a limitation fund with a court having jurisdiction.

基金数额分别为本法第二百一十条、第二百一十条规定的限额，加上自责任产生之日起至基金设立之日止的相应利息。

The fund shall be constituted in the sum of such an amount set out respectively in Articles 210 and 211, together with the interest thereon from the date of the occurrence giving rise to the liability until the date of the constitution of the fund.

第二百一十四条  责任人设立责任限制基金后，向责任人提出请求的任何人，不得对责任人的任何财产行使任何权利；

Article 214 Where a limitation fund has been constituted by a person liable, any person having made a claim against the person liable may not exercise any right against any assets of the person liable.

已设立责任限制基金的责任人的船或者其他财产已经被扣押，或者基金设立人已经提交抵押物的，法院应当及时下令释放或者责令退还。

Where any ship or other property belonging to the person constituting the fund has been arrested or attached, or, where a security has been provided by such person, the court shall order without delay the release of the ship arrested or the property attached or the return of the security provided.

第二百一十五条  享受本章规定的责任限制的人，就同一事故向请求人提出反请求的，双方的请求金额应当相互抵销，本章规定的赔偿限额仅适用于两个求金额之间的差额。

Article 215 Where a person entitled to limitation of liability under the provisions of this Chapter has a counter-claim against the claimant arising out of the same occurrence, their respective claims shall be set off against each other and the provisions of this Chapter shall only apply to the balance, if any.

第十二章  海上保险合同

Chapter XII Contract of Marine Insurance

第一节  一般规定

Section 1 Basic Principles

第二百一十六条  海上保险合同，是指保险人按照约定，对被保险人遭受保险事故造成保险标的的损失和产生的责任负责赔偿，而由被保险人支付保险费合同。

Article 216 A contract of marine insurance is a contract whereby the insurer undertakes, as agreed, to indemnify the loss to the subject matter insured and the liability of the insured caused by perils covered by the insurance against the payment of an insurance premium by the insured.

前款所称保险事故，是指保险人与被保险人约定的任何海上事故，包括与海上航行有关的发生于内河或者陆上的事故。

The covered perils referred to in the preceding paragraph mean any maritime perils agreed upon between the insurer and the insured, including perils occurring in inland rivers or on land which is related to a maritime adventure.

第二百一十七条  海上保险合同的内容，主要包括下列各项：

Article 217 A contract of marine insurance mainly includes:

（一）保险人名称；

(1) Name of the insurer;

（二）被保险人名称；

(2) Name of the insured;

（三）保险标的；

(3) Subject matter insured;

（四）保险价值；

(4) Insured value;

（五）保险金额；

(5) Insured amount;

（六）保险责任和除外责任；

(6) Perils insured against and perils excepted;

（七）保险期间；

(7) Duration of insurance coverage;

（八）保险费。

(8) Insurance premium.

第二百一十八条  下列各项可以作为保险标的：

Article 218 The following items may come under the subject matter of marine insurance:

（一）船舶；

(1) Ship;

（二）货物；

(2) Cargo;

（三）船舶营运收入，包括运费、租金、旅客票款；

(3) Income from the operation of the ship including freight, charter hire and passenger's fare;

（四）货物预期利润；

(4) Expected profit on cargo;

（五）船员工资和其他报酬；

(5) Crew's wages and other remuneration;

（六）对第三人的责任；

(6) Liabilities to a third person;

（七）由于发生保险事故可能受到损失的其他财产和产生的责任、费用。

(7) Other property which may sustain loss from a maritime peril and the liability and expenses arising therefrom.

保险人可以将对前款保险标的的保险进行再保险。除合同另有约定外，原被保险人不得享有再保险的利益。

The insurer may reinsure the insurance of the subject matter enumerated in the preceding paragraph. Unless otherwise agreed in the contract, the origional insured shall not be entitled to the benefit of the reinsurance.

第二百一十九条  保险标的的保险价值由保险人与被保险人约定。

Article 219 The insurable value of the subject matter insured shall be agreed upon between the insurer and the insured.

保险人与被保险人未约定保险价值的，保险价值依照下列规定计算：

Where no insurable value has been agreed upon between the insurer and the insured, the insurable value shall be calculated as follows:

（一）船舶的保险价值，是保险责任开始时船舶的价值，包括船壳、机器、设备的价值，以及船上燃料、物料、索具、给养、淡水的价值和保险费的总和；

(1) The insurable value of the ship shall be the value of the ship at the time when the insurance liability commences, being the total value of the ship's hull, machinery, equipment, fuel, stores, gear, provisions and fresh water on board as well as the insurance premium;

（二）货物的保险价值，是保险责任开始时货物在起运地的发票价格或者非贸易商品在起运地的实际价值以及运费和保险费的总和；

(2) The insurable value of the cargo shall be the aggregate of the invoice value of the cargo or the actual value of the non-trade commodity at the place of shipment, plus freight and insurance premium when the insurance liability commences;

（三）运费的保险价值，是保险责任开始时承运人应收运费总额和保险费的总和；

(3) The insurable value of the freight shall be the aggregate of the total amount of freight payable to the carrier and the insurance premium when the insurance liability commences;

（四）其他保险标的的保险价值，是保险责任开始时保险标的的实际价值和保险费的总和。

(4) The insurable value of other subject matter insured shall be the aggregate of the actual value of the subject matter insured and the insurance premium when the insurance liability commences.

第二百二十条  保险金额由保险人与被保险人约定。

Article 220 The insured amount shall be agreed upon between the insurer and the insured.

保险金额不得超过保险价值；

The insured amount shall not exceed the insured value.

超过保险价值的，超过部分无效。

Where the insured amount exceeds the insured value, the portion in excess shall be null and void.

第二节  合同的订立、解除和转让

Section 2 Conclusion, Termination and Assignment of Contract

第二百二十一条  被保险人提出保险要求，经保险人同意承保，并就海上保险合同的条款达成协议后，合同成立。

Article 221 A contract of marine insurance comes into being after the insured puts forth a proposal for insurance and the insurer agrees to accept the proposal and the insurer and the insured agree on the terms and conditions of the insurance.

保险人应当及时向被保险人签发保险单者其他保险单证，并在保险单或者其他保险单证中载明当事人双方约定的合同内容。

The insurer shall issue to the insured an insurance policy or other certificate of insurance in time, and the contents of the contract shall be contained therein.

第二百二十二条  合同订立前，被保险人应当将其知道的或者在通常业务中应当知道的有关影响保险人据以确定保险费率或者确定是否同意承保的重要情，如实告知保险人。

Article 222 Before the contract is concluded, the insured shall truthfully inform the insurer of the material circumstances which the insured has knowledge of or ought to have knowledge of in his ordinary business practice and which may have a bearing on the insurer in deciding the premium or whether be agrees to insure or not.

保险人知道或者在通常业务中应当知道的情况，保险人没有询问的，被保险人无需告知。

The insured need not inform the insurer of the facts which the insurer has known of or the insurer ought to have knowledge of in his ordinary business practice if about which the insurer made no inquiry.

第二百二十三条  由于被保险人的故意，未将本法第二百二十二条第一款规定的重要情况如实告知保险人的，保险人有权解除合同，并不退还保险费。

Article 223 Upon failure of the insured to truthfully inform the insurer of the material circumstances set forth in paragraph 1 of Article 222 of this Code due to his intentional act, the insurer has the right to terminate the contract without refunding the premium.

合同解除前发生保险事故造成损失的，保险人不负赔偿责任。

The insurer shall not be liable for any loss arising from the perils insured against before the contract is terminated.

不是由于被保险人的故意，未将本法第二百二十二条第一款规定的重要情况如实告知保险人的，保险人有权解除合同或者要求相应增加保险费。

If, not due to the insured's intentional act, the insured did not truthfully inform the insurer of the material circumstances set out in paragraph 1 of Article 222 of this Code, the insurer has the right to terminate the contract or to demand a corresponding increase in the premium.

保险人解除合同的，对于合同解除前发生保险事故造成的损失，保险人应当负赔偿责任；但是，未告知或者错误告知的重要情况对保险事故的发生有影响的除外。

In case the contract is terminated by the insurer, the insurer shall be liable for the loss arising from the perils insured against which occurred prior to the termination of the contract, except where the material circumstances uninformed or wrongly informed of have an impact on the occurrence of such perils.

第二百二十四条  订立合同时，被保险人已经知道或者应当知道保险标的已经因发生保险事故而遭受损失的，保险人不负赔偿责任。

Article 224 Where the insured was aware or ought to be aware that the subject matter insured had suffered a loss due to the incidence of a peril insured against when the contract was concluded, the insurer shall not be liable for indemnification but shall have the right to the premium.

但是有权收取保险费保险人已经知道或者应当知道保险标的已经不可能因发生保险事故而遭受损失的，被保险人有权收回已经支付的保险费。

Where the insurer was aware or ought to be aware that the occurrence of a loss to the subject matter insured due to a peril insured against was impossible, the insured shall have the right to recover the premium paid.

第二百二十五条  被保险人对同一保险标的就同一保险事故向几个保险人重复订立合同，而使该保险标的的保险金额总和超过保险标的的价值的，除合同有约定外，被保险人可以向任何保险人提出赔偿请求。被保险人获得的赔偿金额总和不得超过保险标的的受损价值。

Article 225 Where the insured concludes contracts with several insurers for the same subject matter insured and against the same risk, and the insured amount of the said subject matter insured thereby exceeds the insured value, then, unless otherwise agreed in the contract, the insured may demand indemnification from any of the insurers and the aggregate amount to be indemnified shall not exceed the loss value of the subject matter insured.

各保险人按照其承保的保险金额同保险金额总和的比例承担赔偿责任。

The liability of each insurer shall be in proportion to that which the amount he insured bears to the total of the amounts insured by all insurers.

任何一个保险人支付的赔偿金额超过其应当承担的赔偿责任的，有权向未按照其应当承担的赔偿责任支付赔偿金额的保险人追偿。

Any insurer who has paid an indemnification in an amount greater than that for which he is liable, shall have the right of recourse against those who have not paid their indemnification in the amounts for which they are liable.

第二百二十六条  保险责任开始前，被保险人可以要求解除合同，但是应当向保险人支付手续费，保险人应当退还保险费。

Article 226 Prior to the commencement of the insurance liability, the insured may demand the termination of the insurance contract but shall pay the handling fees to the insurer, and the insurer shall refund the premium.

第二百二十七条  除合同另有约定外，保险责任开始后，被保险人和保险人均不得解除合同。

Article 227 Unless otherwise agreed in the contract, neither the insurer nor the insured may terminate the contract after the commencement of the insurance liability.

根据合同约定在保险责任开始后可以解除合同的，被保险人要求解除合同，保险人有权收取自保险责任开始之日起至合同解除之日止的保险费，剩余部分予以退还；

Where the insurance contract provides that the contract may be terminated after the commencement of the liability, and the insured demands the termination of the contract, the insurer shall have the right to the premium payable from the day of the commencement of the insurance liability to the day of termination of the contract and refund the remaining portion.

保险人要求解除合同，应当将自合同解除之日起至保险期间届满之日止的保险费退还被保险人。

If it is the insurer who demands the termination of the contract, the unexpired premium from the day of the termination of the contract to the day of the expiration of the period of insurance shall be refunded to the insured.

第二百二十八条  虽有本法第二百二十七条规定，货物运输和船舶的航次保险，保险责任开始后，被保险人不得要求解除合同。

Article 228 Notwithstanding the stipulations in Article 227 of this Code, the insured may not demand termination of the contract for cargo insurance and voyage insurance on ship after the commencement of the insurance liability.

第二百二十九条  海上货物运输保险合同可以由被保险人背书或者以其他方式转让，合同的权利、义务随之转移。

Article 229 A contract of marine insurance for the carriage of goods by sea may be assigned by the insured by endorsement or otherwise, and the rights and obligations under the contract are assigned accordingly.

合同转让时尚未支付保险费的，被保险和合同受让人负连带支付责任。

The insured and the assignee shall be jointly and severally liable for the payment of the premium if such premium remains unpaid up to the time of the assignment of the contract.

第二百三十条  因船舶转让而转让船舶保险合同的，应当取得保险人同意。未经保险人同意，船舶保险合同从船舶转让时起解除；

Article 230 The consent of the insurer shall be obtained where the insurance contract is assigned in consequence of the transfer of the ownership of the ship insured. In the absence of such consent, the contract shall be terminated from the time of the transfer of the ownership of the ship.

船舶转让发生在航次之的，船舶保险合同至航次终了时解除。

Where the transfer takes place during the voyage, the contract shall be terminated when the voyage ends.

合同解除后，保险人应当将自合同解除之日起至保险期间届满之日止的保险费退还被保险人。

Upon termination of the contract, the insurer shall refund the unexpired premium to the insured calculated from the day of the termination of the contract to the day of its expiration.

第二百三十一条  被保险人在一定期间分批装运或者接受货物的，可以与保险人订立预约保险合同。预约保险合同应当由保险人签发预约保险单证加以确。

Article 231 The insured may conclude an open cover with the insurer for the goods to be shipped or received in batches within a given period. The open cover shall be evidenced by an open policy to be issued by the insurer.

第二百三十二条  应被保险人要求，保险人应当对依据预约保险合同分批装运的货物分别签发保险单证。

Article 232 The insurer shall, at the request of the insured, issue insurance certificates separately for the cargo shipped in batches according to the open cover.

保险人分别签发的保险单证的内容与预约保险单证的内容不一致的，以分别签发的保险单证为准。

Where the contents of the insurance certificates issued by the insurer separately differ from those of the open policy, the insurance certificates issued separately shall prevail.

第二百三十三条  被保险人知道经预约保险合同保险的货物已经装运或者到达的情况时，应当立即通知保险人。

Article 233 The insured shall notify the insurer immediately on learning that the cargo insured under the open cover has been shipped or has arrived.

通知的内容包括装运货物的船名、航线、物价值和保险金额。

The items to be notified of shall include the name of the carrying ship, the voyage, the value of the cargo and the insured amount.

第三节  被保险人的义务

Section 3 Obligation of the Insured

第二百三十四条  除合同另有约定外，被保险人应当在合同订立后立即支付保险费；

Article 234 Unless otherwise agreed in the insurance contract, the insured shall pay the premium immediately upon conclusion of the contract.

被保险人支付保险费前，保险人可以拒绝签发保险单证。

The insurer may refuse to issue the insurance policy or other insurance certificate before the premium is paid by the insured.

第二百三十五条  被保险人违反合同约定的保证条款时，应当立即书面通知保险人。

Article 235 The insured shall notify the insurer in writing immediately where the insured has not complied with the warranties under the contract.

保险人收到通知后，可以解除合同，也可以要求修改承保条件、增加险费。

The insurer may, upon receipt of the notice, terminate the contract or demand an amendment to the terms and conditions of the insurance coverage or an increase in the premium.

第二百三十六条  一旦保险事故发生，被保险人应当立即通知保险人，并采取必要的合理措施，防止或者减少损失。

Article 236 Upon the occurrence of the peril insured against, the insured shall notify the insurer immediately and shall take necessary and reasonable measures to avoid or minimize the loss.

被保险人收到保险人发出的有关采取止或者减少损失的合理措施的特别通知的，应当按照保险人通知的要求处理。

Where special instructions for the adoption of reasonable measures to avoid or minimize the loss are received from the insurer, the insured shall act according to such instructions.

对于被保险人违反前款规定所造成的扩大的损失，保险人不负赔偿责任。

The insurer shall not be liable for the extended loss caused by the insured's breach of the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

第四节  保险人的责任

Section 4 Liability of the Insurer

第二百三十七条  发生保险事故造成损失后，保险人应当及时向被保险人支付保险赔偿。

Article 237 The insurer shall indemnify the insured promptly after the loss from a peril insured against has occurred.

第二百三十八条  保险人赔偿保险事故造成的损失，以保险金额为限。

Article 238 The insurer's indemnification for the loss from the peril insured against shall be limited to the insured amount.

保险金额低于保险价值的，在保险标的发生部分损失时，保险人按照保险金额与保价值的比例负赔偿责任。

 Where the insured amount is lower than the insured value, the insurer shall indemnify in the proportion that the insured amount bears to the insured value.

第二百三十九条  保险标的在保险期间发生几次保险事故所造成的损失，即使损失金额的总和超过保险金额，保险人也应当赔偿。

Article 239 The insurer shall be liable for the loss to the subject matter insured arising from several perils insured against during the period of the insurance even though the aggregate of the amounts of loss exceeds the insured amount.

但是，对发生部分损失未经修复又发生全部损失的，保险人按照全部损失赔偿。

However, the insurer shall only be liable for the total loss where the total loss occurs after the partial loss which has not been repaired.

第二百四十条  被保险人为防止或者减少根据合同可以得到赔偿的损失而支出的必要的合理费用，为确定保险事故的性质、程度而支出的检验、估价的合费用，以及为执行保险人的特别通知而支出的费用，应当由保险人在保险标的损失赔偿之外另行支付。

Article 240 The insurer shall pay, in addition to the indemnification to be paid with regard to the subject matter insured, the necessary and reasonable expenses incurred by the insured for avoiding or minimizing the loss recoverable under the contract, the reasonable expenses for survey and assessment of the value for the purpose of ascertaining the nature and extent of the peril insured against and the expenses incurred for acting on the special instructions of the insurer.

保险人对前款规定的费用的支付，以相当于保险金额的数额为限。

The payment by the insurer of the expenses referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be limited to that equivalent to the insured amount.

保险金额低于保险价值的，除合同另有约定外，保险人应当按照保险金额与保险价值的比例，支付本条规定的费用。

Where the insured amount is lower than the insured value, the insurer shall be liable for the expenses referred to in this Article in the proportion that the insured amount bears to the insured value, unless the contract provides otherwise.

第二百四十一条  保险金额低于共同海损分摊价值的，保险人按照保险金额同分摊价值的比例赔偿共同海损分摊。

Article 241 Where the insured amount is lower than the value for contribution under the general average, the insurer shall be liable for the general average contribution in the proportion that the insured amount bears to the value for contribution.

第二百四十二条  对于被保险人故意造成的损失，保险人不负赔偿责任。

Article 242 The insurer shall not be liable for the loss caused by the intentional act of the insured.

第二百四十三条  除合同另有约定外，因下列原因之一造成货物损失的，保险人不负赔偿责任：

Article 243 Unless otherwise agreed in the insurance contract, the insurer shall not be liable for the loss of or damage to the insured cargo arising from any of the following causes:

（一）航行迟延、交货迟延或者行市变化；

(1) Delay in the voyage or in the delivery of cargo or change of market price;

（二）货物的自然损耗、本身的缺陷和自然特性；

(2) Fair wear and tear, inherent vice or nature of the cargo;

（三）包装不当。

(3) Improper packing.

第二百四十四条  除合同另有约定外，因下列原因之一造成保险船舶损失的，保险人不负赔偿责任：

Article 244 Unless otherwise agreed in the insurance contract, the insurer shall not be liable for the loss of or damage to the insured ship arising from any of the following causes:

（一）船舶开航时不适航，但是在船舶定期保险中被保险人不知道的除外；

(1) Unseaworthiness of the ship at the time of the commencement of the voyage, unless where under a time policy the insured has no knowledge thereof;

（二）船舶自然磨损或者锈蚀。

(2) Wear and tear or corrosion of the ship.

运费保险比照适用本条的规定。

The provisions of this Article shall apply mutatis mutandis to the insurance of freight.

第五节  保险标的的损失和委付

Section 5 Loss of or Damage to the Subject Matter Insured and Abandonment

第二百四十五条  保险标的发生保险事故后灭失，或者受到严重损坏完全失去原有形体、效用，或者不能再归被保险人所拥有的，为实际全损。

Article 245 Where after the occurrence of a peril insured against the subject matter insured is lost or is so seriously damaged that it is completely deprived of its original structure and usage or the insured is deprived of the possession thereof, it shall constitute an actual total loss.

第二百四十六条  船舶发生保险事故后，认为实际全损已经不可避免，或者为避免发生实际全损所需支付的费用超过保险价值的，为推定全损。

Article 246 Where a ship's total loss is considered to be unavoidable after the occurrence of a peril insured against or the expenses necessary for avoiding the occurrence of an actual total loss would exceed the insured value, it shall constitute a constructive total loss.

货物发生保险事故后，认为实际全损已经不可避免，或者为避免发生实际全损所需支付的费用与继续将货物运抵目的地的费用之和超过保险价值的，为推定全损。

Where an actual total loss is considered to be unavoidable after the cargo has suffered a peril insured against, or the expenses to be incurred for avoiding the total actual loss plus that for forwarding the cargo to its destination would exceed its insured value, it shall constitute a constructive total loss.

第二百四十七条  不属于实际全损和推定全损的损失，为部分损失。

Article 247 Any loss other than an actual total loss or a constructive total loss is a partial loss.

第二百四十八条  船舶在合理时间内未从被获知最后消息的地点抵达目的地，除合同另有约定外，满两个月后仍没有获知其消息的，为船舶失踪。船舶失视为实际全损。

Article 248 Where a ship fails to arrive at its destination within a reasonable time from the place where it was last heard of, unless the contract provides otherwise, if it remains unheard of upon the expiry of two months, it shall constitute missing. Such missing shall be deemed to be an actual total loss.

第二百四十九条  保险标的发生推定全损，被保险人要求保险人按照全部损失赔偿的，应当向保险人委付保险标的。

Article 249 Where the subject matter insured has become a constructive total loss and the insured demands indemnification from the insurer on the basis of a total loss, the subject matter insured shall be abandoned to the insurer.

保险人可以接受委付，也可以不接受付，但是应当在合理的时间内将接受委付或者不接受委付的决定通知被保险人。

The insurer may accept the abandonment or choose not to, but shall inform the insured of his decision whether to accept the abandonment within a reasonable time.

委付不得附带任何条件。委付一经保险人接受，不得撤回。

The abandonment shall not be attached with any conditions. Once the abandonment is accepted by the insurer, it shall not be withdrawn.

第二百五十条  保险人接受委付的，被保险人对委付财产的全部权利和义务转移给保险人。

Article 250 Where the insurer has accepted the abandonment, all rights and obligations relating to the property abandoned are transferred to the insurer.

第六节  保险赔偿的支付

Section 6 Payment of Indemnity

第二百五十一条  保险事故发生后，保险人向被保险人支付保险赔偿前，可以要求被保险人提供与确认保险事故性质和损失程度有关的证明和资料。

Article 251 After the occurrence of a peril insured against and before the payment of indemnity, the insurer may demand that the insured submit evidence and materials related to the ascertainment of the nature of the peril and the extent of the loss.

第二百五十二条  保险标的发生保险责任范围内的损失是由第三人造成的，被保险人向第三人要求赔偿的权利，自保险人支付赔偿之日起，相应转移给保人。

Article 252 Where the loss of or damage to the subject matter insured within the insurance converage is caused by a third person, the right of the insured to demand compensation from the third person shall be subrogated to the insurer from the time the indemnity is paid.

被保险人应当向保险人提供必要的文件和其所需要知道的情况，并尽力协助保险人向第三人追偿。

The insured shall furnish the insurer with necessary documents and information that should come to his knowledge and shall endeavour to assist the insurer in pursuing recovery from the third person.

第二百五十三条  被保险人未经保险人同意放弃向第三人要求赔偿的权利，或者由于过失致使保险人不能行使追偿权利的，保险人可以相应扣减保险赔偿

Article 253 Where the insured waives his right of claim against the third person without the consent of the insurer or the insurer is unable to exercise the right of recourse due to the fault of the insured, the insurer may make a corresponding reduction from the amount of indemnity.

第二百五十四条  保险人支付保险赔偿时，可以从应支付的赔偿额中相应扣减被保险人已经从第三人取得的赔偿。

Article 254 In effecting payment of indemnity to the insured, the insurer may make a corresponding reduction therefrom of the amount already paid by a third person to the insured.

保险人从第三人取得的赔偿，超过其支付的保险赔偿的，超过部分应当退还给被保险人。

Where the compensation obtained by the insurer from the third person exceeds the amount of indemnity paid by the insurer, the part in excess shall be returned to the insured.

第二百五十五条  发生保险事故后，保险人有权放弃对保险标的的权利，全额支付合同约定的保险赔偿，以解除对保险标的的义务。

Article 255 After the occurrence of a peril insured against, the insurer is entitled to waive his right to the subject matter insured and pay the insured the amount in full to relieve himself of the obligations under the contract.

保险人行使前款规定的权利，应当自收到被保险人有关赔偿损失的通知之日起的七日内通知被保险人；

In exercising the right prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the insurer shall notify the insured thereof within seven days from the day of the receipt of the notice from the insured regarding the indemnity.

被保险人在收到通知前，为避免或者减少损失而支付的必要的合理费用，仍然应当由保险人偿还。

The insurer shall remain liable for the necessary and reasonable expenses paid by the insured for avoiding or minimizing the loss prior to his receipt of the said notice.

第二百五十六条  除本法第二百五十五条的规定外，保险标的发生全损，保险人支付全部保险金额的，取得对保险标的的全部权利；

Article 256 Except as stipulated in Article 255 of this Code, where a total loss occurs to the subject matter insured and the full insured amount is paid, the insurer shall acquire the full right to the subject matter insured.

但是，在不足额保险情况下，保险人按照保险金额与保险价值的比例取得对保险标的的部分权利。

In the case of under-insurance, the insurer shall acquire the right to the subject matter insured in the proportion that the insured amount bears to the insured value.

第十三章  时  效

>Chapter XIII Limitation of Time

第二百五十七条  就海上货物运输向承运人要求赔偿的请求权，时效期间为一年，自承运人交付或者应当交付货物之日起计算；

Article 257 The Limitation period for claims against the carrier with regard to the carriage of goods by sea is one year, counting from the day on which the goods were delivered or should have been delivered by the carrier.

在时效期间内或者时效期届满后，被认定为负有责任的人向第三人提起追偿请求的，时效期间为九十日，自追偿请求人解决原赔偿请求之日起或者收到受理对其本人提起诉讼的法院的起诉状副本之日起计算。

 Within the limitation period or after the expiration thereof, if the person allegedly liable has brought up a claim of recourse against a third person, that claim is timebarred at the expiration of 90 days, counting from the day on which the person claiming for the recourse settled the claim, or was served with a copy of the process by the court handling the claim against him.

有关航次租船合同的请求权，时效期间为二年，自知道或者应当知道权利被侵害之日起计算。

The limitation period for claims against the carrier with regard to voyage charter party is two years, counting from the day on which the claimant knew or should have known that his right had been infringed.

第二百五十八条  就海上旅客运输向承运人要求赔偿的请求权，时效期间为二年，分别依照下列规定计算：

Article 258 The limitation period for claims against the carrier with regard to the carriage of passengers by sea is two years, counting respectively as follows:

（一）有关旅客人身伤害的请求权，自旅客离船或者应当离船之日起计算；

(1) Claims for personal injury: Counting from the day on which the passenger disembarked or should have disembarked;

（二）有关旅客死亡的请求权，发生在运送期间的，自旅客应当离船之日起计算；

(2) Claims for death of passengers that occurred during the period of carriage: Counting from the day on which the passenger should have disembarked;

因运送期间内的伤害而导致旅客离船后死亡的，自旅客死亡之日起计算，但是此期限自离船之日起不得超过三年；

whereas those for the death of passengers that occurred after the disembarkation but resulted from an injury during the period of carriage by sea, counting from the day of the death of the passenger concerned, provided that this period does not exceed three years from the time of disembarkation.

（三）有关行李灭失或者损坏的请求权，自旅客离船或者应当离船之日起计算。

(3) Claims for loss of or damage to the luggage: Counting from the day of disembarkation or the day on which the passenger should have disembarked.

第二百五十九条  有关船舶租用合同的请求权，时效期间为二年，自知道或者应当知道权利被侵害之日起计算。

Article 259 The limitation period for claims with regard to charter parties is two years, counting from the day on which the claimant knew or should have known that his right had been infringed.

第二百六十条  有关海上拖航合同的请求权，时效期间为一年，自知道或者应当知道权利被侵害之日起计算。

Article 260 The limitation period for claims with regard to sea towage is one year, counting from the day on which the claimant knew or should have known that his right had been infringed.

第二百六十一条  有关船舶碰撞的请求权，时效期间为二年，自碰撞事故发生之日起计算；

Article 261 The limitation period for claims with regard to collision of ships is two years, counting from the day on which the collision occurred.

本法第一百六十九条第三款规定的追偿请求权，时效期间为一，自当事人连带支付损害赔偿之日起计算。

The limitation period for claims with regard to the right of recourse as provided for in paragraph 3 of Article 169 of this Code is one year, counting from the day on which the parties concerned jointly and severally paid the amount of compensation for the damage occurred.

第二百六十二条  有关海难救助的请求权，时效期间为二年，自救助作业终止之日起计算。

Article 262 The limitation period for claims with regard to salvage at sea is two years, counting from the day on which the salvage operation was completed.

第二百六十三条  有关共同海损分摊的请求权，时效期间为一年，自理算结束之日起计算。

Article 263 The limitation period for claims with regard to contribution in general average is one year, counting from the day on which the adjustment was finished.

第二百六十四条  根据海上保险合同向保险人要求保险赔偿的请求权，时效期间为二年，自保险事故发生之日起计算。

Article 264 The limitation period for claims with regard to contracts of marine insurance is two years, counting from the day on which the peril insured against occurred.

第二百六十五条  有关船舶发生油污损害的请求权，时效期间为三年，自损害发生之日起计算；

Article 265 The limitation period for claims with regard to compensation for oil pollution damage from ships is three years, counting from the day on which the pollution damage occurred.

但是，在任何情况下时效期间不得超过从造成损害的事故生之日起六年。

However, in no case shall the limitation period exceed six years, counting from the day on which the accident causing the pollution occurred.

第二百六十六条  在时效期间的最后六个月内，因不可抗力或者其他障碍不能行使请求权的，时效中止。

Article 266 Within the last six months of the limitation period if, on account of force majeure or other causes preventing the claims from being made, the limitation period shall be suspended.

自中止时效的原因消除之日起，时效期间继续计。

The counting of the limitation period shall be resumed when the cause of suspension no longer exists.

第二百六十七条  时效因请求人提起诉讼、提交仲裁或者被请求人同意履行义务而中断。

Article 267 The limitation of time shall be discontinued as a result of bringing an action or submitting the case for arbitration by the claimant or the admission to fulfil obligations by the person against whom the claim was brought up.

但是，请求人撤回起诉、撤回仲裁或者起诉被裁定驳回的，时效中断。

However, the limitation of time shall not be discontinued if the claimant withdraws his action or his submission for arbitration, or his action has been rejected by a decision of the court.

请求人申请扣船的，时效自申请扣船之日起中断。

Where the claimant makes a claim for the arrest of a ship, the limitation of time shall be discontinued from the day on which the claim is made.

自中断时起，时效期间重新计算。

The limitation period shall be counted anew from the time of discontinuance.

第十四章  涉外关系的法律运用

>Chapter XIV Application of Law in Relation to Foreign-related Matters

第二百六十八条  中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约同本法有不同规定的，适用国际条约的规定；但是，中华人民共和国声明保留的条款除外。

Article 268 If any international treaty concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China contains provisions differing from those contained in this Code, the provisions of the relevant international treaty shall apply, unless the provisions are those on which the People's Republic of China has announced reservations.

中华人民共和国法律和中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约没有规定的，可以适用国际惯例。

International practice may be applied to matters for which neither the relevant laws of the People's Republic of China nor any international treaty concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China contain any relevant provisions.

第二百六十九条  合同当事人可以选择合同适用的法律，法律另有规定的除外。

Article 269 The parties to a contract may choose the law applicable to such contract, unless the law provides otherwise.

合同当事人没有选择的，适用与合同有最密切联系的国家的法律。

Where the parties to a contract have not made a choice, the law of the country having the closest connection with the contract shall apply.

第二百七十条  船舶所有权的取得、转让和消灭，适用船旗国法律。

Article 270 The law of the flag State of the ship shall apply to the acquisition, transfer and extinction of the ownership of the ship.

第二百七十一条  船舶抵押权适用船旗国法律。

Article 271 The law of the flag State of the ship shall apply to the mortgage of the ship.

船舶在光船租赁以前或者光船租赁期间，设立船舶抵押权的，适用原船舶登记国的法律。

The law of the original country of registry of a ship shall apply to the mortgage of the ship if its mortgage is established before or during its bareboat charter period.

第二百七十二条  船舶优先权，适用受理案件的法院所在地法律。

Article 272 The law of the place where the court hearing the case is located shall apply to matters pertaining to maritime liens.

第二百七十三条  船舶碰撞的损害赔偿，适用侵权行为地法律。

Article 273 The law of the place where the infringing act is committed shall apply to claims for damages arising from collision of ships.

船舶在公海上发生碰撞的损害赔偿，适用受理案件的法院所在地法律。

The law of the place where the court hearing the case is located shall apply to claims for damages arising from collision of ships on the high sea.

同一国籍的船舶，不论碰撞发生于何地，碰撞船舶之间的损害赔偿适用船旗国法律。

If the colliding ships belong to the same country, no matter where the collision occurs, the law of the flag State shall apply to claims against one another for damages arising from such collision.

第二百七十四条  共同海损理算，适用理算地法律。

Article 274 The law where the adjustment of general average is made shall apply to the adjustment of general average.

第二百七十五条  海事赔偿责任限制，适用受理案件的法院所在地法律。

Article 275 The law of the place where the court hearing the case is located shall apply to the limitation of liability for maritime claims.

第二百七十六条  依照本章规定适用外国法律或者国际惯例，不得违背中华人民共和国的社会公共利益。

Article 276 The application of foreign laws or international practices pursuant to the provisions of this Chapter shall not jeopadize the public interests of the People's Republic of China.

第十五章  附  则

Chapter XV Supplementary Provisions

第二百七十七条  本法所称计算单位，是指国际货币基金组织规定的特别提款权；

Article 277 The Unit of Account referred to in this Code is the Special Drawing Right as defined by the International Monetary Fund;

其人民币数额为法院判决之日、仲裁机构裁决之日或者当事人协议之日按照国家外汇主管机关规定的国际货币基金组织的特别提款权对人民币的换算办法计算得出的人民币数额。

the amount of the Chinese currency (RMB) in terms of the Special Drawing Right shall be that computed on the basis of the method of conversion established by the authorities in charge of foreign exchange control of this country on the date of the judgment by the court or the date of the award by the arbitration organization or the date mutually agreed upon by the parties.

第二百七十八条  本法自１９９３年７月１日起施行。

Article 278 This Code shall come into force as of July 1, 1993.