第四百零一条 司法工作人员徇私舞弊，对不符合减刑、假释、暂予监外执行条件的罪犯，予以减刑、假释或者暂予监外执行的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Article 401 Any judicial officer who, engaging in malpractices for personal gain, grants commutation of punishment, parole or temporary execution of the sentence outside prison to a criminal who does not meet the conditions for it shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years.

　第四百零二条 行政执法人员徇私舞弊，对依法应当移交司法机关追究刑事责任的不移交，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；造成严重后果的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Article 402 Any administrative law-enforcing officer who, engaging in malpractices for personal gain, does not transfer a person that should be transferred to a judicial organ according to law to be investigated for criminal responsibility, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention; if the consequences are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years.

　第四百零三条 国家有关主管部门的国家机关工作人员，徇私舞弊，滥用职权，对不符合法律规定条件的公司设立、登记申请或者股票、债券发行、上市申请，予以批准或者登记，致使公共财产、国家和人民利益遭受重大损失的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 403 Any functionary of a relevant competent department of the State who, engaging in malpractices for personal gain and abusing his power, approves an application for the incorporation and registration of a company or an application for the issue and listing of shares or bonds submitted by a company that does not meet the conditions provided by law, thus causing heavy losses to public money or property and the interests of the State and the people, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention.

　　上级部门强令登记机关及其工作人员实施前款行为的，对其直接负责的主管人员，依照前款的规定处罚。

Where a department at a higher level compels a registration office and its staff member to commit the acts mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the leading members of the department who are directly responsible for the offence shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

　第四百零四条 税务机关的工作人员徇私舞弊，不征或者少征应征税款，致使国家税收遭受重大损失的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；造成特别重大损失的，处五年以上有期徒刑。

Article 404 Any tax official who, engaging in malpractices for personal gain, fails to collect or undercollects the tax payable, thus causing heavy losses to the revenue of the State, shall be sentenced to fixed- term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention; if especially heavy losses are caused, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years.

　第四百零五条 税务机关的工作人员违反法律、行政法规的规定，在办理发售发票、抵扣税款、出口退税工作中，徇私舞弊，致使国家利益遭受重大损失的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；致使国家利益遭受特别重大损失的，处五年以上有期徒刑。

Article 405 Any tax official who, in violation of the provisions of law and administrative rules and regulations, engages in malpractices for personal gain in selling invoices, offsetting the tax payable and making tax refund for exports, thus causing heavy losses to the interests of the State, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention; if especially heavy losses are caused to the interests of the State, he shall be sentenced to fixed- term imprisonment of not less than five years.

　　其他国家机关工作人员违反国家规定，在提供出口货物报关单、出口收汇核销单等出口退税凭证的工作中，徇私舞弊，致使国家利益遭受重大损失的，依照前款的规定处罚。

Any functionaries of other State organs who, in violation of State regulations, engage in malpractices for personal gain in providing certificates for exports tax refund such as the declaration forms for exports and the verification and writing off documents for export proceeds, thus causing heavy losses to the interests of the State, shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

　第四百零六条 国家机关工作人员在签订、履行合同过程中，因严重不负责任被诈骗，致使国家利益遭受重大损失的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；致使国家利益遭受特别重大损失的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Article 406 Any functionary of a State organ who, in concluding or performing a contract, is defrauded as a result of his gross neglect of duty, thus causing heavy losses to the interests of the State, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention; if especially heavy losses are caused to the interests of the State, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years.

　第四百零七条 林业主管部门的工作人员违反森林法的规定，超过批准的年采伐限额发放林木采伐许可证或者违反规定滥发林木采伐许可证，情节严重，致使森林遭受严重破坏的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 407 Any functionary of a competent forestry department who, in violation of the provisions of the Forestry Law, issues forest tree felling licenses in excess of the approved annual felling quotas or, in violation of the regulations, arbitrarily issues forest tree felling licenses, if to such an extent as to cause serious damage to the forest, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention.

　第四百零八条 负有环境保护监督管理职责的国家机关工作人员严重不负责任，导致发生重大环境污染事故，致使公私财产遭受重大损失或者造成人身伤亡的严重后果的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 408 Any functionary of a State organ who is responsible for environmental protection, supervision and control, through his gross neglect of duty, causes a serious environmental pollution accident, which results in heavy losses of public or private property or the grave consequences of injuries or deaths of persons, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention.

　第四百零九条 从事传染病防治的政府卫生行政部门的工作人员严重不负责任，导致传染病传播或者流行，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 409 Any functionary of an administrative department for public health who is engaged in prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, through his gross neglect of duty, causes the spread or epidemic of an infectious disease, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention.

　第四百一十条 国家机关工作人员徇私舞弊，违反土地管理法规，滥用职权，非法批准征用、占用土地，或者非法低价出让国有土地使用权，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；致使国家或者集体利益遭受特别重大损失的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Article 410 Any functionary of a State organ who, engaging in malpractices for personal gain, violating the law and regulations on land administration and abusing his power, illegally approves the requisition or occupation of land or illegally transfers at low prices the right to the use of State-owned land, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention; if especially heavy losses are caused to the interests of the State or the collective, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years.

　第四百一十一条 海关工作人员徇私舞弊，放纵走私，情节严重的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节特别严重的，处五年以上有期徒刑。

Article 411 Any Customs officer who, engaging in malpractices for personal gain, connives at smuggling, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention; if the circumstances are especially serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years.

　第四百一十二条 国家商检部门、商检机构的工作人员徇私舞弊，伪造检验结果的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；造成严重后果的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

Article 412 Any officer of the department in charge of commodity inspection at the national or local level who, engaging in malpractices for personal gain, falsifies inspection results, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention; if the consequences are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years but not more than 10 years.

　　前款所列人员严重不负责任，对应当检验的物品不检验，或者延误检验出证、错误出证，致使国家利益遭受重大损失的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

The officer as mentioned in the preceding paragraph who, through his gross neglect of duty, fails to inspect the commodities that should be inspected, delays the inspection or the issuance of a certificate or issues a false certificate, thus causing heavy losses to the interests of the State, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention.

　第四百一十三条 动植物检疫机关的检疫人员徇私舞弊，伪造检疫结果的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；造成严重后果的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑。　　

Article 413 Any officer of an animal and plant quarantine organ who, engaging in malpractices for personal gain, forges a quarantine result, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention; if the consequences are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years but not more than 10 years.

前款所列人员严重不负责任，对应当检疫的检疫物不检疫，或者延误检疫出证、错误出证，致使国家利益遭受重大损失的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Any officer as mentioned in the preceding paragraph who, through his gross neglect of duty, fails to conduct quarantine inspection of the items that should be inspected, delays the performance of quarantine inspection or the issuance of certificates, or issues false certificates, thus causing heavy losses to the interests of the State, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention.

　第四百一十四条 对生产、销售伪劣商品犯罪行为负有追究责任的国家机关工作人员，徇私舞弊，不履行法律规定的追究职责，情节严重的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 414 Any functionary of a State organ who, being responsible for investigating the offences such as production and sale of fake or substandard commodities, engages in malpractices for personal gain and does not perform his duty of investigation as is required by law, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention.

　第四百一十五条 负责办理护照、签证以及其他出入境证件的国家机关工作人员，对明知是企图偷越国（边）境的人员，予以办理出入境证件的，或者边防、海关等国家机关工作人员，对明知是偷越国（边）境的人员，予以放行的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Article 415 Any functionary of a State organ who is in charge of handling passports, visa or other exit or entry certificates, knowingly grants an exit or entry certificate to a person attempting to illegally cross the national (frontier) border or, a functionary of a State organ such as the frontier authorities or a Customs office knowingly allows a person illegally crossing the national (frontier) border to pass shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years.

　第四百一十六条 对被拐卖、绑架的妇女、儿童负有解救职责的国家机关工作人员，接到被拐卖、绑架的妇女、儿童及其家属的解救要求或者接到其他人的举报，而对被拐卖、绑架的妇女、儿童不进行解救，造成严重后果的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 416 Any functionary of a State organ who is charged with the functions and responsibilities to rescue a woman or child who is abducted, sold or kidnapped fails to do so on receiving a request for rescue by the victim or by his or her family members or on receiving a report thereon made by any other person, thus causing serious consequences, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention.

　　负有解救职责的国家机关工作人员利用职务阻碍解救的，处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑；情节较轻的，处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Any functionary of a State organ charged with the said functions and responsibilities who, by taking advantage of his office, hinders the rescue effort shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than two years but not more than seven years; if the circumstances are relatively minor, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than two years or criminal detention.

　第四百一十七条 有查禁犯罪活动职责的国家机关工作人员，向犯罪分子通风报信、提供便利，帮助犯罪分子逃避处罚的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节严重的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

Article 417 Any functionary of a State organ, charged with the functions and responsibilities to investigate and prohibit criminal activities, who divulges information or provides convenience to criminals so as to help them escape punishment shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years.

　第四百一十八条 国家机关工作人员在招收公务员、学生工作中徇私舞弊，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 418 Any functionary of a State organ who engages in malpractices for personal gain in recruiting public servants or students, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention.

　第四百一十九条 国家机关工作人员严重不负责任，造成珍贵文物损毁或者流失，后果严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 419 Any functionary of a State organ who, through his gross neglect of duty, causes damage to or losses of precious cultural relics, if the consequences are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention.

第十章 军人违反职责罪

CHAPTER X CRIMES OF SERVICEMEN'S TRANSGRESSION OF DUTIES

　第四百二十条 军人违反职责，危害国家军事利益，依照法律应当受刑罚处罚的行为，是军人违反职责罪。

Article 420 Any act committed by a serviceman in transgression of his duties, an act that endangers the military interests of the State and should therefore be subjected to criminal punishment in accordance with law, constitutes a crime of a serviceman's transgression of duties.

　第四百二十一条 战时违抗命令，对作战造成危害的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑；致使战斗、战役遭受重大损失的，处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。

Article 421 Any serviceman who disobeys an order during wartime, thereby jeopardizing a military operation, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years; if heavy losses are caused to a battle or campaign, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years, life imprisonment or death.

　第四百二十二条 故意隐瞒、谎报军情或者拒传、假传军令，对作战造成危害的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑；致使战斗、战役遭受重大损失的，处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。

Article 422 Any serviceman who intentionally conceals or makes a false report about the military situation, refuses to convey a military order or conveys a false military order, thereby jeopardizing a military operation, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years; if heavy losses are caused to a battle or campaign, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years, life imprisonment or death.

　第四百二十三条 在战场上贪生怕死，自动放下武器投降敌人的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑；情节严重的，处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑。

Article 423 Any serviceman who cares for nothing but saving his skin on the battlefield voluntarily lays down his arms and surrenders to the enemy shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years or life imprisonment.

　　投降后为敌人效劳的，处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。

Any serviceman who, after surrendering to the enemy, works for the enemy shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years, life imprisonment or death.

　第四百二十四条 战时临阵脱逃的，处三年以下有期徒刑；情节严重的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑；致使战斗、战役遭受重大损失的，处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。

Article 424 Any serviceman who deserts from the battlefield shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years; if heavy losses are caused to a battle or campaign, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years, life imprisonment or death.

　第四百二十五条 指挥人员和值班、值勤人员擅离职守或者玩忽职守，造成严重后果的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；造成特别严重后果的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Article 425 Any person in command or on duty who leaves his post without permission or neglects his duties, thereby causing serious consequences, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention; if the consequences are especially serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years.

　　战时犯前款罪的，处五年以上有期徒刑。

Whoever in wartime commits the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years.

　第四百二十六条 以暴力、威胁方法，阻碍指挥人员或者值班、值勤人员执行职务的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节严重的，处五年以上有期徒刑；致人重伤、死亡的，或者有其他特别严重情节的，处无期徒刑或者死刑。战时从重处罚。

Article 426 Whoever, by violence or threat, obstructs a commander or a person on duty from performing his duties shall be sentenced to fixed- term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years; if serious injury or death is caused to a person or if there are other especially serious circumstances involved, he shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or death. The punishment for such a crime committed during wartime shall be heavier than in peacetime.

　第四百二十七条 滥用职权，指使部属进行违反职责的活动，造成严重后果的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节特别严重的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

Article 427 Any officer who abuses his power and instigates his subordinates to act in transgression of their duties, thereby causing serious consequences, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention; if the circumstances are especially serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years but not more than 10 years.

　第四百二十八条 指挥人员违抗命令，临阵畏缩，作战消极，造成严重后果的，处五年以下有期徒刑；致使战斗、战役遭受重大损失或者有其他特别严重情节的，处五年以上有期徒刑。

Article 428 Any commander who disobeys an order, or flinches before a battle or is inactive in a military operation, thereby causing serious consequences, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years; if heavy losses are caused to a battle or campaign or if there are other especially serious circumstances involved, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years.

　第四百二十九条 在战场上明知友邻部队处境危急请求救援，能救援而不救援，致使友邻部队遭受重大损失的，对指挥人员，处五年以下有期徒刑。

Article 429 Any commander on a battlefield who is in a position to rescue the neighbourly forces he knows are in a critical situation but does not do so upon request, thus causing heavy losses to the latter, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years.

　第四百三十条 在履行公务期间，擅离岗位，叛逃境外或者在境外叛逃，危害国家军事利益的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节严重的，处五年以上有期徒刑。

Article 430 Any serviceman who, in performing his duties, leaves his post without permission or defects from China or does so when being outside of the country, thus jeopardizing the military interests of the State, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years.

　　驾驶航空器、舰船叛逃的，或者有其他特别严重情节的，处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。

Any serviceman who, piloting an aircraft or a vessel, defects, or if there are other especially serious circumstances involved, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years, life imprisonment or death.

　第四百三十一条 以窃取、刺探、收买方法，非法获取军事秘密的，处五年以下有期徒刑；情节严重的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑；情节特别严重的，处十年以上有期徒刑。

Article 431 Whoever, by means of stealing, spying or buying, illegally obtains military secrets shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years but not more than 10 years; if the circumstances are especially serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years.

　　为境外的机构、组织、人员窃取、刺探、收买、非法提供军事秘密的，处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。

Whoever steals, spies into or buys military secrets for or illegally offers such secrets to the agencies, organizations or individuals outside the territory of China shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years, life imprisonment or death.

　第四百三十二条 违反保守国家秘密法规，故意或者过失泄露军事秘密，情节严重的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节特别严重的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

Article 432 Whoever, in violation of the law and regulations on protection of State secrets, intentionally or negligently divulges military secrets, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention; if the circumstances are especially serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years but not more than 10 years.

　　战时犯前款罪的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑；情节特别严重的，处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑。

Whoever during wartime commits the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years but not more than 10 years; if the circumstances are especially serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years or life imprisonment.

　第四百三十三条 战时造谣惑众，动摇军心的，处三年以下有期徒刑；情节严重的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

Article 433 Whoever during wartime fabricates rumors to mislead others and shake the morale of troops shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years.

　　勾结敌人造谣惑众，动摇军心的，处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑；情节特别严重的，可以判处死刑。

Whoever colludes with the enemy to fabricate rumors so as to mislead others and shake the morale of troops shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years or life imprisonment; if the circumstances are especially serious, he may be sentenced to death.

　第四百三十四条 战时自伤身体，逃避军事义务的，处三年以下有期徒刑；情节严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Article 434 Whoever during wartime injures himself in order to evade his military obligation shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years.

　第四百三十五条 违反兵役法规，逃离部队，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 435 Whoever, in violation of the military service law, deserts from the armed forces, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention.

　　战时犯前款罪的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Whoever during wartime commits the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years.

　第四百三十六条 违反武器装备使用规定，情节严重，因而发生责任事故，致人重伤、死亡或者造成其他严重后果的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；后果特别严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Article 436 Whoever violates the regulations on the use of weapons and equipment, if the circumstances are serious and an accident leading to serious injury or death of another person occurs due to his neglect of duty, or if there are other serious consequences, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention; if the consequences are especially serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years.

　第四百三十七条 违反武器装备管理规定，擅自改变武器装备的编配用途，造成严重后果的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；造成特别严重后果的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Article 437 Whoever in violation of the regulations on control of weapons and equipment, alters without authorization the use of weapons and equipment allocated, if the consequences are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention; if the consequences are especially serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years.

　第四百三十八条 盗窃、抢夺武器装备或者军用物资的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节严重的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑；情节特别严重的，处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。

Article 438 Whoever steals or forcibly seizes weapons, equipment or military supplies shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years but not more than 10 years; if the circumstances are especially serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years, life imprisonment or death.

　　盗窃、抢夺枪支、弹药、爆炸物的，依照本法第一百二十七条的规定处罚。

Whoever steals or forcibly seizes firearms, ammunition or explosives shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of Article 127 of this Law.

　第四百三十九条 非法出卖、转让军队武器装备的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑；出卖、转让大量武器装备或者有其他特别严重情节的，处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。

Article 439 Whoever illegally sells or transfers weapons or equipment of the armed forces shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years; if a large amount of weapons or equipment is sold or transferred or if there are other especially serious circumstances involved, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years, life imprisonment or death.

　第四百四十条 违抗命令，遗弃武器装备的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；遗弃重要或者大量武器装备的，或者有其他严重情节的，处五年以上有期徒刑。

Article 440 Whoever, in violation of an order, abandons weapons or equipment shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention; if he abandons important or a large amount of weapons or equipment or if there are other serious circumstances involved, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years.

　第四百四十一条 遗失武器装备，不及时报告或者有其他严重情节的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 441 Whoever loses weapons or equipment and fails to report the matter immediately, or if there are other serious circumstances involved, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention.

　第四百四十二条 违反规定，擅自出卖、转让军队房地产，情节严重的，对直接责任人员，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节特别严重的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

Article 442 Where the real estate of the armed forces is sold or transferred in violation of the regulations, if the circumstances are serious, the persons who are directly responsible for the offence shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention; if the circumstances are especially serious, they shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years.

　第四百四十三条 滥用职权，虐待部属，情节恶劣，致人重伤或者造成其他严重后果的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；致人死亡的，处五年以上有期徒刑。

Article 443 Any person who abuses his power and maltreats a subordinate, if the circumstances are so flagrant that the victim is seriously injured or if there are other serious consequences, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention; if he causes death of the victim, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years.

　第四百四十四条 在战场上故意遗弃伤病军人，情节恶劣的，对直接责任人员，处五年以下有期徒刑。

Article 444 Where a wounded or sick serviceman is deliberately abandoned on a battlefield, if the circumstances are flagrant, the persons who are directly responsible for the offence shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years.

　第四百四十五条 战时在救护治疗职位上，有条件救治而拒不救治危重伤病军人的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；造成伤病军人重残、死亡或者有其他严重情节的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

Article 445 Whoever, being charged with the duty of saving and treating servicemen during wartime, refuses to do so to a serviceman who, through critically sick or wounded, can be saved or treated, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention; if he causes serious disability or death of the sick or wounded serviceman or if there are other serious circumstances involved, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years but not more than 10 years.

　第四百四十六条 战时在军事行动地区，残害无辜居民或者掠夺无辜居民财物的，处五年以下有期徒刑；情节严重的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑；情节特别严重的，处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。

Article 446 Any serviceman who, during wartime, cruelly injures innocent residents in an area of military operation or plunders their money or property shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years but not more than 10 years; if the circumstances are especially serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years, life imprisonment or death.

　第四百四十七条 私放俘虏的，处五年以下有期徒刑；私放重要俘虏、私放俘虏多人或者有其他严重情节的，处五年以上有期徒刑。

Article 447 Whoever sets free a prisoner of war without authorization shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years; if he, without authorization, sets free an important prisoner of war or a number of prisoners of war or if there are other serious circumstances involved, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years.

　第四百四十八条 虐待俘虏，情节恶劣的，处三年以下有期徒刑。

Article 448 Whoever maltreats a prisoner of war, if the circumstances are flagrant, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years.

　第四百四十九条 在战时，对被判处三年以下有期徒刑没有现实危险宣告缓刑的犯罪军人，允许其戴罪立功，确有立功表现时，可以撤销原判刑罚，不以犯罪论处。

Article 449 If during wartime a serviceman is sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years for a crime he commits and is granted suspension of sentence because he presents no real danger, he may be allowed to atone for his crime by performing meritorious deeds.  If he truly performs meritorious deeds, the original sentence may be rescinded and he shall not be regarded as a criminal.

　第四百五十条 本章适用于中国人民解放军的现役军官、文职干部、士兵及具有军籍的学员和中国人民武装警察部队的现役警官、文职干部、士兵及具有军籍的学员以及执行军事任务的预备役人员和其他人员。

Article 450 This Chapter shall apply to officers, civilian staff, soldiers in active service and cadets with military status of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, police officers, civilian staff and soldiers in active service and cadets with military status of the Chinese People's Armed Police, and reservists and other persons performing military tasks.

　第四百五十一条 本章所称战时，是指国家宣布进入战争状态、部队受领作战任务或者遭敌突然袭击时。

Article 451 The word "wartime" as used in this Law means the time when the State declares the state of war, the armed forces receive tasks of operations or when the enemy launches a surprise attack.

　　部队执行戒严任务或者处置突发性暴力事件时，以战时论。

The time when the armed forces execute martial-law tasks or cope with emergencies of violence shall be regarded as wartime.

附则

CHAPTER XI SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS

　第四百五十二条 本法自 1997 年 10 月 1 日起施行。

Article 452 This Law shall go into effect as of October 1, 1997.

　　列于本法附件一的全国人民代表大会常务委员会制定的条例、补充规定和决定，已纳入本法或者已不适用，自本法施行之日起，予以废止。

The regulations, supplementary provisions and decisions enacted by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, as listed in Appendix I of this Law, which have been incorporated into this Law or are no longer applicable, shall be invalidated as of the date this Law goes into effect.

　　列于本法附件二的全国人民代表大会常务委员会制定的补充规定和决定予以保留，其中，有关行政处罚和行政措施的规定继续有效；有关刑事责任的规定已纳入本法，自本法施行之日起，适用本法规定。

The supplementary provisions and decisions enacted by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, as listed in Appendix II of this Law, shall be retained. Among them the provisions on administrative penalty and administrative measures shall remain in force; however, since the provisions on criminal responsibility have been incorporated into this Law, the relevant provisions of this Law shall prevail as of the date this Law goes into effect.

附件一

Appendix I

　　全国人民代表大会常务委员会制定的下列条例、补充规定和决定，已纳入本法或者已不适用，自本法施行之日起，予以废止：

The following regulations, supplementary provisions and decisions enacted by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress which have been incorporated into this Law or are no longer applicable shall be invalidated as of the date this Law goes into effect:

　　 1 ．中华人民共和国惩治军人违反职责罪暂行条例

1.  Interim Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Punishment of Servicemen Who Commit Crimes Contrary to Their Duties

　　 2 ．关于严惩严重破坏经济的罪犯的决定

2.  Decision Regarding the Severe Punishment of Criminals Who Seriously Sabotage the Economy

　　 3 ．关于严惩严重危害社会治安的犯罪分子的决定

3.  Decision Regarding the Severe Punishment of Criminals Who Seriously Endanger Public Security

　　 4 ．关于惩治走私罪的补充规定

4.  Supplementary Provisions Concerning the Punishment of the Crimes of Smuggling

　　 5 ．关于惩治贪污罪贿赂罪的补充规定

5.  Supplementary Provisions Concerning the Punishment of the Crimes of Embezzlement and Bribery

　　 6 ．关于惩治泄露国家秘密犯罪的补充规定

6.  Supplementary Provisions Concerning the Punishment of the Crimes of Divulging State Secrets

　　 7 ．关于惩治捕杀国家重点保护的珍贵、濒危野生动物犯罪的补充规定

7.  Supplementary Provisions Concerning the Punishment of the Crimes of Catching or Killing Precious and Endangered Species of Wildlife Under Special State Protection

　　 8 ．关于惩治侮辱中华人民共和国国旗国徽罪的决定

8.  Decision Regarding the Punishment of the Crimes of Desecrating the National Flag and the National Emblem of the People's Republic of China

　　 9 ．关于惩治盗掘古文化遗址古墓葬犯罪的补充规定

9.  Supplementary Provisions Regarding the Punishment of the Crime of Excavating and Robbing Sites of Ancient Culture or Ancient Tombs

　　 10 ．关于惩治劫持航空器犯罪分子的决定

10.  Decision Regarding the Punishment of the Criminals Engaged in Aircraft Hijacking

　　 11 ．关于惩治假冒注册商标犯罪的补充规定

11.  Supplementary Provisions Regarding Punishing Crimes of Counterfeiting Registered Trademarks

　　 12 ．关于惩治生产、销售伪劣商品犯罪的决定

12. Decision on Punishment of the Crimes of Production and Sale of Fake or Substandard Commodities

　　 13 ．关于惩治侵犯著作权的犯罪的决定

13.  Decision Regarding the Punishment of the Crimes of Infringement of Copyright

　　 14 ．关于惩治违反公司法的犯罪的决定

14. Decision Concerning Punishment of Crimes Against the Company Law

　　 15 ．关于处理逃跑或者重新犯罪的劳改犯和劳教人员的决定

15.  Decision Regarding the Handling of Criminals Undergoing Reform Through Labor and Persons Undergoing Rehabilitation Through Labor Who Escape or Commit New Crimes

　附件二

Appendix II

　　全国人民代表大会常务委员会制定的下列补充规定和决定予以保留，其中，有关行政处罚和行政措施的规定继续有效；有关刑事责任的规定已纳入本法，自本法施行之日起，适用本法规定：

The following supplementary provisions and decisions enacted by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress shall be retained.  Among them the provisions on administrative penalty and administrative measures shall remain in force; since the provisions on criminal responsibility have been incorporated into this Law, the relevant provisions of this Law shall prevail as of the date this Law goes into effect:

　　 1 ．关于禁毒的决定

1. Decision on the Prohibition Against Narcotic Drugs

　　 2 ．关于惩治走私、制作、贩卖、传播淫秽物品的犯罪分子的决定

2. Decision on the Punishment of Criminals Who Smuggle, Produce, Sell or Disseminate Pornographic materials

　　 3 ．关于严惩拐卖、绑架妇女、儿童的犯罪分子的决定

3. Decision on the Strict Prohibition Against Prostitution and Whoring

　　 4 ．关于严禁卖淫嫖娼的决定

4. Decision Regarding the Severe Punishment of Criminals Who Abduct and Traffic in or Kidnap Women or Children

　　 5 ．关于惩治偷税、抗税犯罪的补充规定

5.  Supplementary Provisions Regarding the Imposition of Punishment in Respect of Offences of Tax Evasion and Refusal to Pay Tax

　　 6 ．关于严惩组织、运送他人偷越国（边）境犯罪的补充规定

6.  Supplementary Provisions on the Severe Punishment of the Crimes of Organizing or Transporting Other Person(s) To illegally cross the National Border (Frontier)

　　 7 ．关于惩治破坏金融秩序犯罪的决定

7. Decision on Punishment of Crimes of Disrupting Financial Order

　　 8 ．关于惩治虚开、伪造和非法出售增值税专用发票犯罪的决定

8.  Decision on Punishing Crimes of Falsely Making Out, Forging or Illegally Selling Special Invoices for Value-added Tax

第一编 总则

PART ONE GENERAL PROVISIONS

第一章 刑法的任务、基本原则和适用范围

CHAPTER I THE AIM, BASIC PRINCIPLES AND SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF THE CRIMINAL LAW

第二章 犯罪

CHAPTER II CRIMES

第一节 犯罪和刑事责任

SECTION 1 CRIMES AND CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY

第二节 犯罪的预备、未遂和中止

SECTION 2 PREPARATION FOR A CRIME, CRIMINAL ATTEMPT AND DISCONTINUATION OF A CRIME

第三节 共同犯罪

SECTION 3 JOINT CRIMES

第四节 单位犯罪

SECTION 4 CRIMES COMMITTED BY A UNIT

第三章 刑罚

CHAPTER III PUNISHMENTS

第一节 刑罚的种类

SECTION 1 TYPES OF PUNISHMENTS

第二节 管制

SECTION 2 PUBLIC SURVEILLANCE

第三节 拘役

SECTION 3 CRIMINAL DETENTION

第四节 有期徒刑、无期徒刑

SECTION 4 FIXED-TERM IMPRISONMENT AND LIFE IMPRISONMENT

第五节 死刑

SECTION 5 THE DEATH PENALTY

第六节 罚金

SECTION 6 FINES

第七节 剥夺政治权利

SECTION 7 DEPRIVATION OF POLITICAL RIGHTS

第八节 没收财产

SECTION 8 CONFISCATION OF PROPERTY

第四章 刑罚的具体运用

CHAPTER IV THE CONCRETE APPLICATION OF PUNISHMENTS

第一节 量刑

SECTION 1 SENTENCING

第二节 累犯

SECTION 2 RECIDIVISTS

第三节 自首和立功

SECTION 3 VOLUNTARY SURRENDER AND MERITORIOUS PERFORMANCE

第四节 数罪并罚

SECTION 4 COMBINED PUNISHMENT FOR SEVERAL CRIMES

第五节 缓刑

SECTION 5 SUSPENSION OF SENTENCE

第六节 减刑

SECTION 6 COMMUTATION OF PUNISHMENT

第七节 假释

SECTION 7 PAROLE

第八节 时效

 SECTION 8 LIMITATION

第五章 其他规定

CHAPTER V OTHER PROVISIONS

第二编 分则

PART TWO SPECIFIC PROVISIONS

第一章 危害国家安全罪

CHAPTER I CRIMES OF ENDANGERING NATIONAL SECURITY

第二章 危害公共安全罪

CHAPTER II CRIMES OF ENDANGERING PUBLIC SECURITY

第三章 破坏社会主义市场经济秩序罪

CHAPTER III CRIMES OF DISRUPTING THE ORDER OF THE SOCIALIST MARKET ECONOMY

第一节 生产、销售伪劣商品罪

SECTION 1 CRIMES OF PRODUCING AND MARKETING FAKE OR SUBSTANDARD COMMODITIES

第二节 走私罪

SECTION 2 CRIMES OF SMUGGLING

第三节 妨害对公司、企业的管理秩序罪

SECTION 3 CRIMES OF DISRUPTING THE ORDER OF ADMINISTRATION OF COMPANIES AND ENTERPRISES

第四节 破坏金融管理秩序罪

SECTION 4 CRIMES OF DISRUPTING THE ORDER OF FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION

第五节 金融诈骗罪

SECTION 5 CRIMES OF FINANCIAL FRAUD

第六节 危害税收征管罪

SECTION 6 CRIMES OF JEOPARDIZING ADMINISTRATION OF TAX COLLECTION

第七节 侵犯知识产权罪

SECTION 7 CRIMES OF INFRINGING ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

第八节 扰乱市场秩序罪

SECTION 8 CRIMES OF DISRUPTING MARKET ORDER

第四章 侵犯公民人身权利、民主权利罪

CHAPTER IV CRIMES OF INFRINGING UPON CITIZENS' RIGHT OF THE PERSON AND DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS

第五章 侵犯财产罪

CHAPTER V CRIMES OF PROPERTY VIOLATION

第六章 妨害社会管理秩序罪

CHAPTER VI CRIMES OF OBSTRUCTING THE ADMINISTRATION OF PUBLIC ORDER

第一节 扰乱公共秩序罪

SECTION 1 CRIMES OF DISTURBING PUBLIC ORDER

第二节 妨害司法罪

SECTION 2 CRIMES OF IMPAIRING JUDICIAL ADMINISTRATION

第三节 妨害国（边）境管理罪

SECTION 3 CRIMES AGAINST CONTROL OF NATIONAL BORDER (FRONTIER)

第四节 妨害文物管理罪

SECTION 4 CRIMES AGAINST CONTROL OF CULTURAL RELICS

第五节 危害公共卫生罪

SECTION 5 CRIMES OF IMPAIRING PUBLIC HEALTH

第六节 破坏环境资源保护罪

SECTION 6 CRIMES OF IMPAIRING THE PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES

第七节 走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品罪

SECTION 7 CRIMES OF SMUGGLING, TRAFFICKING IN, TRANSPORTING AND MANUFACTURING NARCOTIC DRUGS

第八节 组织、强迫、引诱、容留、介绍卖淫罪

SECTION 8 CRIMES OF ORGANIZING, FORCING, LURING, SHELTERING OR PROCURING OTHER PERSONS TO ENGAGE IN PROSTITUTION

第九节 制作、贩卖、传播淫秽物品罪

SECTION 9 CRIMES OF PRODUCING, SELLING, DISSEMINATING PORNOGRAPHIC MATERIALS

第七章 危害国防利益罪

CHAPTER VII CRIMES OF IMPAIRING THE INTERESTS OF NATIONAL DEFENCE

第八章 贪污贿赂罪

CHAPTER VIII CRIMES OF EMBEZZLEMENT AND BRIBERY

第九章 渎职罪

CHAPTER IX CRIMES OF DERELICTION OF DUTY

第十章 军人违反职责罪

CHAPTER X CRIMES OF SERVICEMEN'S TRANSGRESSION OF DUTIES