第二百五十一条 国家机关工作人员非法剥夺公民的宗教信仰自由和侵犯少数民族风俗习惯，情节严重的，处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 251 Any functionary of a State organ who unlawfully deprives a citizen of his or her freedom of religious belief or infringes upon the customs and habits of an ethnic group, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than two years or criminal detention.

　第二百五十二条 隐匿、毁弃或者非法开拆他人信件，侵犯公民通信自由权利，情节严重的，处一年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 252 Whoever conceals, destroys or unlawfully opens another person's letter, thereby infringing upon the citizen's right to freedom of correspondence, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than one year or criminal detention.

　第二百五十三条 邮政工作人员私自开拆或者隐匿、毁弃邮件、电报的，处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 253 Any postal worker who opens without authorization or conceals or destroys mail or telegrams shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than two years or criminal detention.

　　犯前款罪而窃取财物的，依照本法第二百六十四条的规定定罪从重处罚。

Whoever steals money or property by committing the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be convicted and given a heavier punishment in accordance with the provisions of Article 264 of this Law.

　第二百五十四条 国家机关工作人员滥用职权、假公济私，对控告人、申诉人、批评人、举报人实行报复陷害的，处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节严重的，处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Article 254 Any functionary of a State organ who, abusing his power or using his public office for private ends, retaliates against or frames up complainants, petitioners, critics or persons who report against him shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than two years or criminal detention; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than two years but not more than seven years.

　第二百五十五条 公司、企业、事业单位、机关、团体的领导人，对依法履行职责、抵制违反会计法、统计法行为的会计、统计人员实行打击报复，情节恶劣的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 255 Any leading member of a company, enterprise, institution, State organ or people's organization who retaliates against the accountants or statisticians who perform their functions and duties according to law and resist any acts violating the Accounting Law or the Statistics Law, if the circumstances are flagrant, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention.

　第二百五十六条 在选举各级人民代表大会代表和国家机关领导人员时，以暴力、威胁、欺骗、贿赂、伪造选举文件、虚报选举票数等手段破坏选举或者妨害选民和代表自由行使选举权和被选举权，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者剥夺政治权利。

Article 256 Whoever, in election of the deputies to the people's congresses and the leading members of State organs at various levels, disrupts election or obstructs the electorate and deputies from freely exercising their right to vote and to stand for election by such means as violence, threat, deception, bribery, falsification of electoral documents or false report of ballots, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or deprivation of political rights.

　第二百五十七条 以暴力干涉他人婚姻自由的，处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 257 Whoever uses violence to interfere with another person's freedom of marriage shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than two years or criminal detention.

　　犯前款罪，致使被害人死亡的，处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Whoever commits the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph and causes death to the victim shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than two years but not more than seven years.

第一款罪，告诉的才处理。

The crime mentioned in the first paragraph of this Article shall be handled only upon complaint.

　第二百五十八条 有配偶而重婚的，或者明知他人有配偶而与之结婚的，处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 258 Whoever has a spouse and commits bigamy or knowingly marries a person who has a spouse shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than two years or criminal detention.

　第二百五十九条 明知是现役军人的配偶而与之同居或者结婚的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 259 Whoever knowingly cohabits with or marries a person who is the spouse of an active serviceman shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention.

　　利用职权、从属关系，以胁迫手段奸淫现役军人的妻子的，依照本法第二百三十六条的规定定罪处罚。

Whoever, by taking advantage of his functions and powers or the subordinate relationship, have sexual intercourse with the wife of an active serviceman by means of coercion shall be convicted and punished in accordance with the provisions of Article 236 of this Law.

　第二百六十条 虐待家庭成员，情节恶劣的，处二年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。

Article 260 Whoever maltreats a member of his family, if the circumstances are flagrant, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than two years, criminal detention or public surveillance.

　　犯前款罪，致使被害人重伤、死亡的，处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Whoever commits the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph and causes serious injury or death to the victim shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than two years but not more than seven years.

第一款罪，告诉的才处理。

The crime mentioned in the first paragraph of this Article shall be handled only upon complaint.

　第二百六十一条 对于年老、年幼、患病或者其他没有独立生活能力的人，负有扶养义务而拒绝扶养，情节恶劣的，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。

Article 261 Whoever refuses to fulfill his duty to support an aged person, minor, sick person or any other person who cannot live independently, if the circumstances are flagrant, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years, criminal detention or public surveillance.

　第二百六十二条 拐骗不满十四周岁的未成年人，脱离家庭或者监护人的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 262 Whoever abducts a minor under the age of 14, thereby separating the child from his family or guardian, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention.

第五章 侵犯财产罪

CHAPTER V CRIMES OF PROPERTY VIOLATION

　第二百六十三条 以暴力、胁迫或者其他方法抢劫公私财物的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；有下列情形之一的，处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑，并处罚金或者没收财产：

Article 263 Whoever robs public or private property by violence, coercion or other methods shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years and shall also be fined; whoever falls under any of the following categories shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years, life imprisonment or death and shall also be fined or sentenced to confiscation of property:

　　（一）入户抢劫的；

(1) intruding into another person's residence to rob;

　　（二）在公共交通工具上抢劫的；

(2) robbing on board the means of public transportation;

　　（三）抢劫银行或者其他金融机构的；

(3) robbing a bank or any other banking institution;

　　（四）多次抢劫或者抢劫数额巨大的；

(4) committing robbery repeatedly or robbing a huge, sum of money;

　　（五）抢劫致人重伤、死亡的；

(5) causing serious injury or death to another person in the course of robbery;

　　（六）冒充军警人员抢劫的；

(6) impersonating a serviceman or policeman in robbing;

　　（七）持枪抢劫的；

(7) robbing with a gun; or

　　（八）抢劫军用物资或者抢险、救灾、救济物资的。

(8) robbing military materials or the materials for emergency rescue, disaster relief or social relief.

　第二百六十四条 盗窃公私财物，数额较大或者多次盗窃的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处或者单处罚金；数额巨大或者有其他严重情节的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；数额特别巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的，处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑，并处罚金或者没收财产；有下列情形之一的，处无期徒刑或者死刑，并处没收财产：

Article 264 Whoever steals a relatively large amount of public or private property or commits theft repeatedly shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance and shall also, or shall only, be fined; if the amount is huge, or if there are other serious circumstances, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years and shall also be fined; if the amount is especially huge, or if there are other especially serious circumstances, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years or life imprisonment and shall also be fined or be sentenced to confiscation of property; whoever falls under any of the following categories shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or death, and shall also be sentenced to confiscation of property:

　　（一）盗窃金融机构，数额特别巨大的；

(1) stealing a banking institution and the amount involved is especially huge; or

　　（二）盗窃珍贵文物，情节严重的。

(2) stealing precious cultural relics and the circumstances are serious.

　第二百六十五条 以牟利为目的，盗接他人通信线路、复制他人电信码号或者明知是盗接、复制的电信设备、设施而使用的，依照本法第二百六十四条的规定定罪处罚。

Article 265 Whoever, for the purpose of making profits, stealthily connects his telecommunications line with that of another person, duplicates another person's telecommunications code or number or uses the telecommunication equipment or device while clearly knowing that it is stealthily connected with another person's or duplicated shall be convicted and punished in accordance with the provisions of Article 264 of this Law.

　第二百六十六条 诈骗公私财物，数额较大的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处或者单处罚金；数额巨大或者有其他严重情节的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；数额特别巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的，处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑，并处罚金或者没收财产。本法另有规定的，依照规定。

Article 266 Whoever swindles public or private money or property, if the amount is relatively large, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance and shall also, or shall only, be fined; if the amount is huge, or if there are other serious circumstances, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years and shall also be fined; if the amount is especially huge, or if there are other especially serious circumstances, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years or life imprisonment and shall also be fined or be sentenced to confiscation of property, except as otherwise specifically provided in this Law.

　第二百六十七条 抢夺公私财物，数额较大的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处或者单处罚金；数额巨大或者有其他严重情节的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；数额特别巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的，处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑，并处罚金或者没收财产。

Article 267 Whoever forcibly seizes public or private money or property, if the amount is relatively large, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance and shall also, or shall only, be fined; if the amount is huge, or there are other serious circumstances, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years and shall also be fined; if the amount is especially huge, or there are other especially serious circumstances, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years or life imprisonment and shall also be fined or be sentenced to confiscation of property.

　　携带凶器抢夺的，依照本法第二百六十三条的规定定罪处罚。

Whoever commits the crime with lethal weapons shall be convicted and punished in accordance with the provisions of Article 263 of this Law.

　第二百六十八条 聚众哄抢公私财物，数额较大或者有其他严重情节的，对首要分子和积极参加的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处罚金；数额巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金。

Article 268 Where people are gathered to forcibly seize public or private money or property, if the amount is relatively large or if there are other serious circumstances, the ringleaders and active participants shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance and shall also be fined; if the amount is huge, or there are other serious circumstances, they shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years and shall also be fined.

　第二百六十九条 犯盗窃、诈骗、抢夺罪，为窝藏赃物、抗拒抓捕或者毁灭罪证而当场使用暴力或者以暴力相威胁的，依照本法第二百六十三条的规定定罪处罚。

Article 269 Whoever commits the crime of theft, fraud or forcible seizure of money or property and uses violence on the spot or threatens to use violence in order to conceal the booty, resist arrest or destroy the criminal evidence shall be convicted and punished in accordance with the provisions of Article 263 of this Law.

　第二百七十条 将代为保管的他人财物非法占为己有，数额较大，拒不退还的，处二年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者罚金；数额巨大或者有其他严重情节的，处二年以上五年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金。

Article 270 Whoever unlawfully takes possession of another person's money or property under his custody and refuses to return it, if the amount is relatively large, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than two years, or criminal detention or be fined; if the amount is huge, or if there are other serious circumstances, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than two years but not more than five years and shall also be fined.

　　将他人的遗忘物或者埋藏物非法占为己有，数额较大，拒不交出的，依照前款的规定处罚。

Whoever unlawfully takes possession of an object, which another person has forgotten about or buried, and refuses to hand it over, if the amount is relatively large, shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

　　本条罪，告诉的才处理。

The crime mentioned in this Article shall be handled only upon complaint.

　第二百七十一条 公司、企业或者其他单位的人员，利用职务上的便利，将本单位财物非法占为己有，数额较大的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；数额巨大的，处五年以上有期徒刑，可以并处没收财产。

Article 271 Any employee of a company, enterprise or any other unit who, taking advantage of his position, unlawfully takes possession of the money or property of his own unit, if the amount is relatively large, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention; if the amount is huge, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years and may also be sentenced to confiscation of property.

　　国有公司、企业或者其他国有单位中从事公务的人员和国有公司、企业或者其他国有单位委派到非国有公司、企业以及其他单位从事公务的人员有前款行为的，依照本法第三百八十二条、第三百八十三条的规定定罪处罚。

If an employee who is engaged in public service in a State-owned company, enterprise or any other State-owned unit or if a person who is assigned by a State-owned company, enterprise or any other State-owned unit to a company, enterprise or any other unit that is not owned by the State to engage in public service commits the act mentioned in the preceding paragraph, he shall be convicted and punished in accordance with the provisions of Article 382 or 383 of this Law.

　第二百七十二条 公司、企业或者其他单位的工作人员，利用职务上的便利，挪用本单位资金归个人使用或者借贷给他人，数额较大、超过三个月未还的，或者虽未超过三个月，但数额较大、进行营利活动的，或者进行非法活动的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；挪用本单位资金数额巨大的，或者数额较大不退还的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

Article 272 Any employee of a company, enterprise or any other unit who, taking advantage of his position, misappropriates the funds of his own unit for personal use or for loaning them to another person, if the amount is relatively large and the funds are not repaid at the expiration of three months, or if the funds are repaid before the expiration of three months but the amount involved is relatively large and the funds are used for profit-making activities or for illegal activities, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention; if the amount involved is huge, or if it is relatively large but is not returned, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years.

　　国有公司、企业或者其他国有单位中从事公务的人员和国有公司、企业或者其他国有单位委派到非国有公司、企业以及其他单位从事公务的人员有前款行为的，依照本法第三百八十四条的规定定罪处罚。

If an employee who is engaged in public service in a State-owned company, enterprise or any other State-owned unit or any person who is assigned by a State-owned company, enterprise, or any other State-owned unit to a company, enterprise or any other unit that is not owned by the State to engage in public service commits any act mentioned in the preceding paragraph, he shall be convicted and punished in accordance with the provisions of Article 384 of this Law.

　第二百七十三条 挪用用于救灾、抢险、防汛、优抚、扶贫、移民、救济款物，情节严重，致使国家和人民群众利益遭受重大损害的，对直接责任人员，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节特别严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Article 273 In cases of misappropriation of funds or materials that are allocated for disaster relief, emergency rescue, flood prevention and control, support to disabled servicemen and families of revolutionary martyrs and servicemen, aid to the poor, migration and social relief, if the circumstances are serious and major harm is caused to the interests of the State and the people, the person who is directly responsible for the offence shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention; if the circumstances are especially serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years.

　第二百七十四条 敲诈勒索公私财物，数额较大的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制；数额巨大或者有其他严重情节的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

Article 274 Whoever extorts public or private money or property by blackmail, if the amount is relatively large, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance; if the amount is huge, or if there are other serious circumstances, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years.

　第二百七十五条 故意毁坏公私财物，数额较大或者有其他严重情节的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者罚金；数额巨大或者有其他特别严重情节的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Article 275 Whoever intentionally destroys or damages public or private money or property, if the amount involved is relatively large or if there are other serious circumstances, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, or criminal detention or be fined; if the amount involved is huge, or if there are other especially serious circumstances, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years.

　第二百七十六条 由于泄愤报复或者其他个人目的，毁坏机器设备、残害耕畜或者以其他方法破坏生产经营的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制；情节严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Article 276 Anyone who, for purposes of giving vent to spite or retaliating or out of other personal motives, destroys or damages machines or equipment, cruelly injures or slaughters farm animals or sabotages production and business operation by other means, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years.

第六章 妨害社会管理秩序罪

CHAPTER VI CRIMES OF OBSTRUCTING THE ADMINISTRATION OF PUBLIC ORDER

第一节 扰乱公共秩序罪

SECTION 1 CRIMES OF DISTURBING PUBLIC ORDER

　第二百七十七条 以暴力、威胁方法阻碍国家机关工作人员依法执行职务的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者罚金。

Article 277 Whoever by means of violence or threat, obstructs a functionary of a State organ from carrying out his functions according to law shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, or public surveillance or be fined.

　　以暴力、威胁方法阻碍全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会代表依法执行代表职务的，依照前款的规定处罚。

Whoever by means of violence or threat, obstructs a deputy to the National People's Congress or a deputy to a local people's congress at any level from carrying out his functions as a deputy according to law shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

　　在自然灾害和突发事件中，以暴力、威胁方法阻碍红十字会工作人员依法履行职责的，依照第一款的规定处罚。

Whoever during natural calamities or emergencies obstructs, by means of violence or threat, the workers of the Red Cross Society from performing their functions and duties according to law shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph.

　　故意阻碍国家安全机关、公安机关依法执行国家安全工作任务，未使用暴力、威胁方法，造成严重后果的，依照第一款的规定处罚。

Whoever intentionally obstructs officers of a State security organ or a public security organ from maintaining State security in accordance with law and causes serious consequences, though without resort to violence or threat, shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph.

　第二百七十八条 煽动群众暴力抗拒国家法律、行政法规实施的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利；造成严重后果的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Article 278 Whoever incites people to resist by violence the implementation of the laws and administrative rules and regulations of the State shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights; if the consequences are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years.

　第二百七十九条 冒充国家机关工作人员招摇撞骗的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利；情节严重的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

Article 279 Whoever impersonates a functionary of a State organ to go about and deceive people shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years.

　　冒充人民警察招摇撞骗的，依照前款的规定从重处罚。

Whoever impersonates a people's policeman to go about and deceive people shall be given a heavier punishment in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

　第二百八十条 伪造、变造、买卖或者盗窃、抢夺、毁灭国家机关的公文、证件、印章的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利；情节严重的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

Article 280 Whoever forges, alters, buys, sells or steals, forcibly seizes or destroys the official documents, certificates or seals of a State organ shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years.

　　伪造公司、企业、事业单位、人民团体的印章的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。

Whoever forges the seals of a company, enterprise, institution or a people's organization shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights.

　　伪造、变造居民身份证的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利；情节严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Whoever forges or alters identity cards of citizens shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years.

　第二百八十一条 非法生产、买卖人民警察制式服装、车辆号牌等专用标志、警械，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处或者单处罚金。　　

Article 281 Whoever illegally manufactures, buys or sells the people's police uniforms, number plates of police vehicles and other police insignia or police implements, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance and shall also, or shall only, be fined.

单位犯前款罪的，对单位判处罚金，并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依照前款的规定处罚。

Where a unit commits the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph, it shall be fined, and the persons who are directly in charge and the other persons who are directly responsible for the offence shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

　第二百八十二条 以窃取、刺探、收买方法，非法获取国家秘密的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利；情节严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Article 282 Whoever unlawfully obtains State secrets by stealing, spying or buying shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years.

　　非法持有属于国家绝密、机密的文件、资料或者其他物品，拒不说明来源与用途的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。

Whoever unlawfully holds the documents, material or other objects classified as "strictly confidential" or "confidential" State secrets and refuses to explain their sources and purposes shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance.

　第二百八十三条 非法生产、销售窃听、窃照等专用间谍器材的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。

Article 283 Whoever unlawfully manufactures or sells any specialized espionage equipment or devices such as those for eavesdropping or secret photographing shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance.

　第二百八十四条 非法使用窃听、窃照专用器材，造成严重后果的，处二年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。

Article 284 Whoever unlawfully uses any special equipment or devices for eavesdropping or secret photographing, if the consequences are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than two years, criminal detention or public surveillance.

　第二百八十五条 违反国家规定，侵入国家事务、国防建设、尖端科学技术领域的计算机信息系统的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 285 Whoever, in violation of State regulations, invades the computer information system in the fields of State affairs, national defence construction or sophisticated science and technology shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention.

　第二百八十六条 违反国家规定，对计算机信息系统功能进行删除、修改、增加、干扰，造成计算机信息系统不能正常运行，后果严重的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；后果特别严重的，处五年以上有期徒刑。

Article 286 Whoever, in violation of State regulations, cancels, alters, increases or jams the functions of the computer information system, thereby making it impossible for the system to operate normally, if the consequences are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention; if the consequences are especially serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years.

　　违反国家规定，对计算机信息系统中存储、处理或者传输的数据和应用程序进行删除、修改、增加的操作，后果严重的，依照前款的规定处罚。

Whoever, in violation of State regulations, cancels, alters or increases the data stored in or handled or transmitted by the computer information system or its application program, if the consequences are serious, shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

　　故意制作、传播计算机病毒等破坏性程序，影响计算机系统正常运行，后果严重的，依照第一款的规定处罚。

Whoever intentionally creates or spreads destructive programs such as the computer viruses, thus affecting the normal operation of the computer system, if the consequences are serious, shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph.

　第二百八十七条 利用计算机实施金融诈骗、盗窃、贪污、挪用公款、窃取国家秘密或者其他犯罪的，依照本法有关规定定罪处罚。

Article 287 Whoever uses computers to commit the crimes such as financial fraud, theft, embezzlement, misappropriation of public funds and theft of State secrets shall be convicted and punished in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Law.

　第二百八十八条 违反国家规定，擅自设置、使用无线电台（站），或者擅自占用频率，经责令停止使用后拒不停止使用，干扰无线电通讯正常进行，造成严重后果的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处或者单处罚金。

Article 288 Whoever, in violation of State regulations, sets up or uses a radio station or occupies radio frequency without authorization and refuses to stop the use after being ordered to do so, thus disrupting the normal operation of radio communications and causing serious consequences, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance and shall also, or shall only, be fined.

　　单位犯前款罪的，对单位判处罚金，并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依照前款的规定处罚。

Where a unit commits the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph, it shall be fined, and the persons who are directly in charge and the other persons who are directly responsible for the offence shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

　第二百八十九条 聚众“打砸抢”，致人伤残、死亡的，依照本法第二百三十四条、第二百三十二条的规定定罪处罚。毁坏或者抢走公私财物的，除判令退赔外，对首要分子，依照本法第二百六十三条的规定定罪处罚。

Article 289 Where people are gathered to commit "beating, smashing or looting", thus causing injury, disability or death to a person, the offenders shall be convicted and punished in accordance with the provisions of Article 234 or 232 of this Law. If public or private money or property is destroyed, damaged, or forcibly taken, the offenders shall be ordered to return the money or property or make compensation and, in addition, the ringleaders shall be convicted and punished in accordance with the provisions of Article 263 of this Law.

　第二百九十条 聚众扰乱社会秩序，情节严重，致使工作、生产、营业和教学、科研无法进行，造成严重损失的，对首要分子，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑；对其他积极参加的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。

Article 290 Where people are gathered to disturb public order to such a serious extent that work in general, production, business operation, teaching or scientific research cannot go on and heavy losses are caused, the ringleaders shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years; the active participants shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights.

　　聚众冲击国家机关，致使国家机关工作无法进行，造成严重损失的，对首要分子，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑；对其他积极参加的，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。

Where people are gathered to assault a State organ, making it impossible for the State organ to conduct its work and causing heavy losses, the ringleaders shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years but not more than 10 years; the active participants shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights.

　第二百九十一条 聚众扰乱车站、码头、民用航空站、商场、公园、影剧院、展览会、运动场或者其他公共场所秩序，聚众堵塞交通或者破坏交通秩序，抗拒、阻碍国家治安管理工作人员依法执行职务，情节严重的，对首要分子，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。

Article 291 Where people are gathered to disturb order at railway stations or bus terminals, wharves, civil airports, marketplaces, parks, theaters, cinemas, exhibition halls, sports grounds or other public places, or to block traffic or undermine traffic order, or resist or obstruct public security administrators of the State from carrying out their duties according to law, if the circumstances are serious, the ringleaders shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years, criminal detention or public surveillance.

　第二百九十二条 聚众斗殴的，对首要分子和其他积极参加的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制；有下列情形之一的，对首要分子和其他积极参加的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑：

Article 292 Where people are gathered to engage in affrays, the ringleaders and the active participants shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance; the ringleaders and the active participants who fall under any of the following categories, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years:

　　（一）多次聚众斗殴的；

(1) gathering people to engage in affrays repeatedly;

　　（二）聚众斗殴人数多，规模大，社会影响恶劣的；

(2) the number of people gathered to engage in affrays is large and so is the scale, thus bringing about a bad effect on society;

　　（三）在公共场所或者交通要道聚众斗殴，造成社会秩序严重混乱的；

(3) gathering people to engage in affrays in public places or on vital traffic lines and causing serious public disorder; or

　　（四）持械聚众斗殴的。

(4) gathering people to engage in affrays with weapons.

　　聚众斗殴，致人重伤、死亡的，依照本法第二百三十四条、第二百三十二条的规定定罪处罚。

Where people are gathered to engage in affrays, thus causing serious injury or death to a person, he shall be convicted and punished in accordance with the provisions of Article 234 or 232 of this Law.

　第二百九十三条 有下列寻衅滋事行为之一，破坏社会秩序的，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制：

Article 293 Whoever commits any of the following acts of creating disturbances, thus disrupting public order, shall be sentenced to fixed- term imprisonment of not more than five years, criminal detention or public surveillance:

　　（一）随意殴打他人，情节恶劣的；

(1) beating another person at will and to a flagrant extent;

　　（二）追逐、拦截、辱骂他人，情节恶劣的；

(2) chasing, intercepting or hurling insults to another person to a flagrant extent;

　　（三）强拿硬要或者任意损毁、占用公私财物，情节严重的；

(3) forcibly taking or demanding, willfully damaging, destroying or occupying public or private money or property to a serious extent; or

　　（四）在公共场所起哄闹事，造成公共场所秩序严重混乱的。

(4) creating disturbances in a public place, thus causing serious disorder in such place.

　第二百九十四条 组织、领导和积极参加以暴力、威胁或者其他手段，有组织地进行违法犯罪活动，称霸一方，为非作恶，欺压、残害群众，严重破坏经济、社会生活秩序的黑社会性质的组织的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑；其他参加的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。

Article 294 Whoever forms, leads or takes an active part in organizations in the nature of criminal syndicate to commit organized illegal or criminal acts through violence, threat or other means, such as lording it over the people in an area, perpetrating outrages, riding roughshod over or cruelly injuring or killing people, thus seriously disrupting economic order and people's daily activities, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years; other participants shall be sentenced to fixed- term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights.

　　境外的黑社会组织的人员到中华人民共和国境内发展组织成员的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

Members of Mafia abroad who recruit members within the territory of the People's Republic of China shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years.

　　犯前两款罪又有其他犯罪行为的，依照数罪并罚的规定处罚。

Whoever, in addition to the offenses mentioned in the preceding two paragraphs, commits any other offences shall be punished in accordance with the provisions on combined punishment for several crimes.

　　国家机关工作人员包庇黑社会性质的组织，或者纵容黑社会性质的组织进行违法犯罪活动的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者剥夺政治权利；情节严重的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

Any functionary of a State organ who harbors an organization in the nature of criminal syndicate or connives at such organization to conduct illegal or criminal acts shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or deprivation of political rights; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years.

　第二百九十五条 传授犯罪方法的，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制；情节严重的，处五年以上有期徒刑；情节特别严重的，处无期徒刑或者死刑。

Article 295 Whoever teaches another person how to commit a crime shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years, criminal detention or public surveillance; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years; if the circumstances are especially serious, he shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or death.

　第二百九十六条 举行集会、游行、示威，未依照法律规定申请或者申请未获许可，或者未按照主管机关许可的起止时间、地点、路线进行，又拒不服从解散命令，严重破坏社会秩序的，对集会、游行、示威的负责人和直接责任人员，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。

Article 296 Where an assembly, a procession or a demonstration is held with no application made in accordance with the provisions of law or no permission granted for the application or where it is held not in accordance with the time for start and stop, venue and routes permitted by the competent authorities, and the order of dismission is disobeyed and public order seriously disrupted, the persons who are in charge and the persons who are directly responsible for the assembly, procession or demonstration shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights.

　第二百九十七条 违反法律规定，携带武器、管制刀具或者爆炸物参加集会、游行、示威的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。

Article 297 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of law, participates in an assembly, a procession or a demonstration with weapons, controlled cutting tools or explosives shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights.

　第二百九十八条 扰乱、冲击或者以其他方法破坏依法举行的集会、游行、示威，造成公共秩序混乱的，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。

Article 298 Whoever disturbs, breaks into or disrupts by any other means an assembly, a procession or a demonstration held in compliance with law, thus causing public disorder, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights.

　第二百九十九条 在公众场合故意以焚烧、毁损、涂划、玷污、践踏等方式侮辱中华人民共和国国旗、国徽的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。

Article 299 Whoever desecrates the National Flag or the National Emblem of the People's Republic of China by intentionally burning, mutilating, scrawling on, defiling or trampling upon it in a public place shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights.

　第三百条 组织和利用会道门、邪教组织或者利用迷信破坏国家法律、行政法规实施的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑；情节特别严重的，处七年以上有期徒刑。

Article 300 Whoever forms or uses superstitious sects or secret societies or weird religious organizations or uses superstition to undermine the implementation of the laws and administrative rules and regulations of the State shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years; if the circumstances are especially serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed- term imprisonment of not less than seven years.

　　组织和利用会道门、邪教组织或者利用迷信蒙骗他人，致人死亡的，依照前款的规定处罚。

Whoever forms or uses superstitious sects or secret societies or weird religious organizations or uses superstition to cheat another person, and causes death to the person shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

　　组织和利用会道门、邪教组织或者利用迷信奸淫妇女、诈骗财物的，分别依照本法第二百三十六条、第二百六十六条的规定定罪处罚。

Whoever forms or uses superstitious sects or secret societies or weird religious organizations or uses superstition to rape a woman or swindle money or property shall be convicted and punished in accordance with the provisions of Articles 236 and Article 266 of this Law respectively.

　第三百零一条 聚众进行淫乱活动的，对首要分子或者多次参加的，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。

Article 301 Where people are gathered to engage in licentious activities, the ringleaders and the persons who repeatedly take part in such activities shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years, criminal detention or public surveillance.

　　引诱未成年人参加聚众淫乱活动的，依照前款的规定从重处罚。

Whoever entices a minor to join people in licentious activities shall be given a heavier punishment in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

　第三百零二条 盗窃、侮辱尸体的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。

Article 302 Whoever steals or insults a corpse shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance.

　第三百零三条 以营利为目的，聚众赌博、开设赌场或者以赌博为业的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处罚金。

Article 303 Whoever, for the purpose of profit, gathers people to engage in gambling, runs a gambling house or makes gambling his profession shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance and shall also be fined.

　第三百零四条 邮政工作人员严重不负责任，故意延误投递邮件，致使公共财产、国家和人民利益遭受重大损失的，处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 304 Any postal worker who, grossly neglecting his duty, intentionally delays the delivery of mail, thus causing grave losses to public money or property or to the interests of the State or the people, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than two years or criminal detention.

第二节 妨害司法罪

SECTION 2 CRIMES OF IMPAIRING JUDICIAL ADMINISTRATION

　第三百零五条 在刑事诉讼中，证人、鉴定人、记录人、翻译人对与案件有重要关系的情节，故意作虚假证明、鉴定、记录、翻译，意图陷害他人或者隐匿罪证的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Article 305 If, in criminal proceedings, a witness, expert witness, recorder or interpreter intentionally gives false testimony or makes a false expert evaluation, record or translation concerning the circumstances that have an important bearing on a case, in order to frame another person or conceal criminal evidence, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years.

　第三百零六条 在刑事诉讼中，辩护人、诉讼代理人毁灭、伪造证据，帮助当事人毁灭、伪造证据，威胁、引诱证人违背事实改变证言或者作伪证的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Article 306 If, in criminal proceedings, a defender or agent ad litem destroys or forges evidence, helps any of the parties destroy or forge evidence, or coerces the witness or entices him into changing his testimony in defiance of the facts or give false testimony, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years.

　　辩护人、诉讼代理人提供、出示、引用的证人证言或者其他证据失实，不是有意伪造的，不属于伪造证据。

Where a witness's testimony or other evidence provided, shown or quoted by a defender or agent ad litem is inconsistent with the facts but is not forged intentionally, it shall not be regarded as forgery of evidence.

　第三百零七条 以暴力、威胁、贿买等方法阻止证人作证或者指使他人作伪证的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。　　

Article 307 Whoever, by violence, threat, bribery or any other means, obstructs a witness from giving testimony or instigates another person to give false testimony shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years.

帮助当事人毁灭、伪造证据，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。　　

Whoever helps any of the parties destroy or forge evidence, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention.

司法工作人员犯前两款罪的，从重处罚。

Any judicial officer who commits any of the crimes mentioned in the preceding two paragraphs shall be given a heavier punishment.

　第三百零八条 对证人进行打击报复的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

Article 308 Whoever retaliates against a witness shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years.

　第三百零九条 聚众哄闹、冲击法庭，或者殴打司法工作人员，严重扰乱法庭秩序的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者罚金。

Article 309 Whoever gathers people to stir up trouble in a court or assault the court or beats a judicial officer, thus seriously disrupting the order of the court, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, or public surveillance or be fined.

　第三百一十条 明知是犯罪的人而为其提供隐藏处所、财物，帮助其逃匿或者作假证明包庇的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制；情节严重的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

Article 310 Whoever knowingly provides a hiding place, money or property to a criminal, or helps the criminal escape or gives false testimony to protect the criminal shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years.

　　犯前款罪，事前通谋的，以共同犯罪论处。

Conspirators to a crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be regarded as joint offenders and punished as such.

　第三百一十一条 明知他人有间谍犯罪行为，在国家安全机关向其调查有关情况、收集有关证据时，拒绝提供，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。

Article 311 Whoever, while clearly knowing that another person has committed the crime of espionage, refuses to provide relevant particulars or relevant evidence when an officer from a State security organ asks him to do so, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance.

　第三百一十二条 明知是犯罪所得的赃物而予以窝藏、转移、收购或者代为销售的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处或者单处罚金。

Article 312 Whoever knowingly conceals, transfers, purchases or helps to sell illegally acquired goods shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance and shall also, or shall only, be fined.

　第三百一十三条 对人民法院的判决、裁定有能力执行而拒不执行，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者罚金。

Article 313 Whoever has the ability to execute the judgment or order made by a People's Court but refuses to do so, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or be fined.

　第三百一十四条 隐藏、转移、变卖、故意毁损已被司法机关查封、扣押、冻结的财产，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者罚金。

Article 314 Whoever conceals, transfers, sells or intentionally destroys or damages the property sealed up, distrained or frozen by judicial organs, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed- term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or be fined.

　第三百一十五条 依法被关押的罪犯，有下列破坏监管秩序行为之一，情节严重的，处三年以下有期徒刑：

Article 315 Any criminal who is held in custody according to law commits any of the following acts, thus undermining the order of prison administration, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years:

　　（一）殴打监管人员的；

(1) beating a prison policeman or any other officer;

　　（二）组织其他被监管人破坏监管秩序的；

(2) organizing another person held in custody to under-mine the order of prison administration;

　　（三）聚众闹事，扰乱正常监管秩序的；

(3) gathering persons held in custody to stir up trouble, thus disrupting the normal order of prison administration; or

　　（四）殴打、体罚或者指使他人殴打、体罚其他被监管人的。

(4) beating or subjecting another person held in custody to corporal punishment or instigating another person to do so.

　第三百一十六条 依法被关押的罪犯、被告人、犯罪嫌疑人脱逃的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 316 Any criminal, defendant or criminal suspect who escapes after being held in custody according to law shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention.

　　劫夺押解途中的罪犯、被告人、犯罪嫌疑人的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑；情节严重的，处七年以上有期徒刑。

Whoever rescues the criminal, defendant or criminal suspect under escort shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than seven years.

　第三百一十七条 组织越狱的首要分子和积极参加的，处五年以上有期徒刑；其他参加的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

Article 317 Ringleaders who organize a jailbreak and the active participants shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years; other participants shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention.

　　暴动越狱或者聚众持械劫狱的首要分子和积极参加的，处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑；情节特别严重的，处死刑；其他参加的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

Ringleaders who instigate a riot to escape from prison or gather people to raid a prison with weapons and the active participants shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years or life imprisonment; if the circumstances are especially serious, they shall be sentenced to death; other participants shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years.

第三节 妨害国（边）境管理罪

SECTION 3 CRIMES AGAINST CONTROL OF NATIONAL BORDER (FRONTIER)

　第三百一十八条 组织他人偷越国（边）境的，处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；有下列情形之一的，处七年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑，并处罚金或者没收财产：

Article 318 Whoever makes arrangements for another person to illegally cross the national border (frontier) shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than two years but not more than seven years and shall also be fined; if he falls under any of the following categories, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than seven years or life imprisonment, and shall also be fined or be sentenced to confiscation of property:

　　（一）组织他人偷越国（边）境集团的首要分子；

(1) being a ringleader of a group that makes arrangements for other persons to illegally cross the national border (frontier);

　　（二）多次组织他人偷越国（边）境或者组织他人偷越国（边）境人数众多的；

(2) repeatedly making arrangements for other persons to illegally cross the national border (frontier), or making arrangements for a large number of persons to do so;

　　（三）造成被组织人重伤、死亡的；

(3) causing serious injury or death to the persons for whom he makes arrangements to illegally cross the national border (frontier);

　　（四）剥夺或者限制被组织人人身自由的；

(4) depriving or restricting personal freedom of the persons for whom he makes arrangements to illegally cross the national border (frontier);

　　（五）以暴力、威胁方法抗拒检查的；

(5) resisting inspection by means of violence or threat;

　　（六）违法所得数额巨大的；

(6) the sum of illegal earnings being huge; or

　　（七）有其他特别严重情节的。

(7) other especially serious circumstances being involved.

　　犯前款罪，对被组织人有杀害、伤害、强奸、拐卖等犯罪行为，或者对检查人员有杀害、伤害等犯罪行为的，依照数罪并罚的规定处罚。

Whoever, in addition to the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph, kills, injures, rapes, or abducts and sells the persons for whom he makes arrangements to illegally cross the national border (frontier) or commits other criminal acts against them or kills, injures or commits other criminal acts against the inspectors shall be punished in accordance with the provisions on combined punishment for several crimes.

　第三百一十九条 以劳务输出、经贸往来或者其他名义，弄虚作假，骗取护照、签证等出境证件，为组织他人偷越国（边）境使用的，处三年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；情节严重的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金。

Article 319 Whoever, in the name of export of labour service, economic exchange, trade, etc., practises fraud to obtain the passport, visa or other exit certificates for the purpose of helping other persons to illegally cross the national border (frontier) shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years and shall also be fined; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed- term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years and shall also be fined.

　　单位犯前款罪的，对单位判处罚金，并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依照前款的规定处罚。

Where a unit commits the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph, it shall be fined, and the persons who are directly in charge and the other persons who are directly responsible for the offence shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

　第三百二十条 为他人提供伪造、变造的护照、签证等出入境证件，或者出售护照、签证等出入境证件的，处五年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；情节严重的，处五年以上有期徒刑，并处罚金。

Article 320 Whoever provides another person with a counterfeit or altered passport, visa or other exit and entry certificates or sells passports, visa or other exit and entry certificates shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years and shall also be fined; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed- term imprisonment of not less than five years and shall also be fined.