中华人民共和国民用航空法

Civil Aviation Law of the People's Republic of China

 第一章  总  则

Chapter IGeneral Provisions

 第二章  民用航空器国籍

Chapter II Nationality of Civil Aircraft

 第三章  民用航空器权利

chapter III Rights of Civil Aircraft

第一节  一般规定

Section 1  Basic Principles

第二节  民用航空器所有权和抵押权

Section 2  Ownership and Mortgage of Civil Aircraft

第三节  民用航空器优先权

Section 3  Civil Aircraft Liens

第四节  民用航空器租赁

Section 4  Lease of Civil Aircraft

 第四章  民用航空器适航管理

Chapter IV  Airworthiness Management of Civil Aircraft

 第五章  航空人员

Chapter V  Airmen

第一节  一般规定

Section 1  Basic Principles

第二节  机  组

Section 2  Crew

 第六章  民用机场

Chapter VI  Civil Airport

 第七章  空中航行

Chapter VII Air Navigation

第一节  空域管理

Section 1  Airspace Management

第二节  飞行管理

Section 2  Flight Management

第三节  飞行保障

Section 3  Flight Support

第四节  飞行必备文件

Section 4  Essential Documents for Flight

 第八章  公共航空运输企业

Chapter VIII Public Air Transport Enterprise

 第九章  公共航空运输

Chapter IX  Public Air Transport

第一节  一般规定

Section 1  Basic Principles

第二节  运输凭证

Section 2  Transport Documents

第三节  承运人的责任

Section 3  Liability of the Carrier

第四节  实际承运人履行航空运输的特别规定

Section 4  Special Provisions Governing Air Transport Performed by Actual Carrier

 第十章  通用航空

Chapter X  General Aviation

 第十一章  搜寻援救和事故调查

Chapter XI  Search and Rescue and Accident Investigation

 第十二章  对地面第三人损害的赔偿责任

Chapter XII Liability for Damage to Third Parties on the Surface

 第十三章  对外国民用航空器的特别规定

Chapter XIII Special Provisions Governing Foreign Civil Aircraft

 第十四章  涉外关系的法律适用

Chapter XIV Application of Law to Foreign-related Matters

 第十五章  法律责任

Chapter XV  Legal Liability

 第十六章  附  则

Chapter XVI Supplementary Provisions

 第一章  总则

Chapter I General Provisions

第一条  为了维护国家的领空主权和民用航空权利，保障民用航空活动安全和有秩序地进行，保护民用航空活动当事人各方的合法权益，促进民用航空事业的发展，制定本法。

 Article 1 This Law is enacted with a view to safeguarding the national sove- reignty of territorial airspace and the rights of civil  aviation,  to ensuring the conduct of civil aviation activities in a safe and orderly manner, to protecting the lawful rights and interests of the parties concerned in civil aviation activities, and to promoting the development of civil aviation industry.

第二条  中华人民共和国的领陆和领水之上的空域为中华人民共和国航空。

Article 2 The airspace above the land territory and territorial waters of the People's Republic of China is the territorial airspace of the People's Republic of China.

中华人民共和国对领空享有完全的、排他的主权。

The People's Republic of China has complete and exclusive sovereignty over its territorial airspace.

第三条  国务院民用航空主管部门对全国民用航空活动实施统一监督管理；根据法律和国务院的决定，在本部门的权限内，发布有关民用航空活动的规定、决定。

Article 3 The competent civil aviation authority under the State Council exercises unified supervision and administration over civil aviation activities in the whole country; issues regulations and  decisions concerning civil aviation activities within the scope of its authority in accordance with laws and the decisions of the State Council.

国务院民用航空主管部门设立的地区民用航空管理机构依照国务院民用航空主管部门的授权，监督管理各该地区的民用航空活动。

 The regional civil aviation administrative organs set up by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council supervise and administer the civil aviation activities in their respective regions in accordance with the authorizations of the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

第四条  国家扶持民用航空事业的发展，鼓励和支持发展民用航空的科学研究和教育事业，提高民用航空科学技术水平。

 Article 4 The State supports the development of civil aviation industry, and encourages and supports the progress of scientific research and education in the field of civil aviation and the improvement of civil aviation science and technology.

国家扶持民用航空器制造业的发展，为民用航空活动提供安全、先进、经济、适用的民用航空器。

  The State supports the development of civil aircraft manufacturing industry so as to provide safe, advanced, economical and suitable civil aircraft for civil aviation activities.

 第二章  民用航空器国籍

Chapter II Nationality of Civil Aircraft

第五条  本法所称民用航空器，是指除用于执行军事、海关、警察飞行任务外的航空器。

 Article 5   Civil aircraft   as referred to in this Law means aircraft other than those used in flight missions of military, customs and police services.

第六条  经中华人民共和国国务院民用航空主管部门依法进行国籍登记的民用航空器，具有中华人民共和国国籍，由国务院民用航空主管部门发给国籍登记证书。

 Article 6 A civil aircraft that has performed its nationality registration with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council of the People's Republic of China according to law has the nationality of the People's Republic of China, and shall be issued a nationality registration certificate by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

国务院民用航空主管部门设立中华人民共和国民用航空器国籍登记簿，统一记载民用航空器的国籍登记事项。

 The competent civil aviation authority under the State Council shall set up a Civil Aircraft Nationality Register of the People's Republic of China to exclusively record matters concerning nationality registration of civil aircraft.

第七条  下列民用航空器应当进行中华人民共和国国籍登记：

Article 7  The following civil aircraft shall  perform  the  nationality registration of the People's Republic of China:

（一）中华人民共和国国家机构的民用航空器；

(1) The civil aircraft of a State organ of the People's Republic of China;

（二）依照中华人民共和国法律设立的企业法人的民用航空器；企业法人的注册资本中有外商出资的，其机构设置、人员组成和中方投资人的出资比例，应当符合行政法规的规定；

 (2) The civil aircraft of a corporate enterprise set up in accordance with the law of the People's Republic of China; if such corporate enterprise has foreign investment in its registered  capital,  its organizational structure and composition of personnel, and the proportion of contribution of Chinese investor shall conform to the provisions of administrative rules and regulations; and

（三）国务院民用航空主管部门准予登记的其他民用航空器。

 (3) Other civil aircraft, the registration of which is approved by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

自境外租赁的民用航空器，承租人符合前款规定，该民用航空器的机组人员由承租人配备的，可以申请登记中华人民共和国国籍，但是必须先予注销该民用航空器原国籍登记。

  Where a civil aircraft was leased from abroad, the lessee being in conformity with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, and the crew of the civil aircraft is provided by the lessee, the latter may apply for the nationality registration of the People's Republic of China, provided that the original nationality registration of such aircraft has been cancelled.

第八条  依法取得中华人民共和国国籍的民用航空器，应当标明规定的国籍标志和登记标志。

Article 8 A civil aircraft which has acquired the nationality of the People's Republic of China according to law shall display the specified nationality mark and registration mark.

第九条  民用航空器不得具有双重国籍。未注销外国国籍的民用航空器不得在中华人民共和国申请国籍登记。

Article 9 A civil aircraft shall not possess dual nationality. Application for the nationality registration of the People's Republic of China shall not be filed for a civil aircraft which has not cancelled its nationality of a foreign country.

 第三章  民用航空器权利 第一节  一般规定

Chapter III Rights of Civil Aircraft  Section 1 Basic Principles

第十条  本章规定的对民用航空器的权利，包括对民用航空器构架、发动机、螺旋桨、无线电设备和其他一切为了在民用航空器上使用的，无论安装于其上或者暂时拆离的物品的权利。

 Article 10 The rights to a civil aircraft as referred to in this Chapter include the rights to the airframe, engines, propellers, radio apparatus of the civil aircraft and all other articles intended for use in such civil aircraft, no matter whether they are installed thereon or separated temporarily therefrom.

第十一条  民用航空器权利人应当就下列权利分别向国务院民用航空主管部门办理权利登记：

Article 11 The person entitled to the rights of a civil aircraft shall register the following rights respectively with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council:

（一）民用航空器所有权；

(1) The ownership of the civil aircraft;

（二）通过购买行为取得并占有民用航空器的权利；

(2) The right for the acquisition and possession of the civil aircraft through an act of purchase;

（三）根据租赁期限为六个月以上的租赁合同占有民用航空器的权利；

(3) The right to possess the civil aircraft in accordance with a lease contract covering a lease term of six months or over; and

（四）民用航空器抵押权。

(4) Mortgage of the civil aircraft.

第十二条  国务院民用航空主管部门设立民用航空器权利登记簿。同一民用航空器的权利登记事项应当记载于同一权利登记簿中。

Article 12 A register of the rights of civil aircraft shall be maintained by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council. Matters registered concerning the rights of one and the same civil aircraft shall be recorded in the same register of rights.

民用航空器权利登记事项，可以供公众查询、复制或者摘录。

  Matters registered concerning the rights of civil aircraft may be made available to the public for inquiry, reproduction or extraction.

第十三条  除民用航空器经依法强制拍卖外，在已经登记的民用航空器权利得到补偿或者民用航空器权利人同意之前，民用航空器的国籍登记或者权利登记不得转移至国外。

 Article 13 Unless a civil aircraft was the subject of a forced auction sale in accordance with the law, the nationality registration of such civil aircraft or the registration of rights thereof shall not be transferred abroad before the registered rights of such aircraft are compensated or before the consent of the person entitled to the aforesaid rights is given.

 第二节  民用航空器所有权和抵押权

Section 2 Ownership and Mortgage of Civil Aircraft

第十四条  民用航空器所有权的取得、转让和消灭，应当向国务院民用航空主管部门登记；未经登记的，不得对抗第三人。

 Article 14 The acquisition, transference and extinction of the ownership of a civil aircraft shall be registered with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council; no acquisition, transference or extinction of the ownership of the civil aircraft shall act against a third party unless registered.

民用航空器所有权的转让，应当签订书面合同。

 The transference of the ownership of a civil aircraft shall be made by a contract in writing.

第十五条  国家所有的民用航空器，由国家授予法人经营管理或者使用的，本法有关民用航空器所有人的规定适用于该法人。

 Article 15 Where a State-owned civil aircraft is authorized by the State to be operated, administered or utilized by a legal person, the provisions of this Law concerning the owner of civil aircraft shall be applicable to such legal person.

第十六条  设定民用航空器抵押权，由抵押权人和抵押人共同向国务院民用航空主管部门办理抵押权登记；未经登记的，不得对抗第三人。

Article 16 The mortgage of a civil aircraft shall be established by registering the mortgage of the civil aircraft with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council jointly by the mortgagee and the mortgagor; no mortgage may act against a third party unless registered.

第十七条  民用航空器抵押权设定后，未经抵押权人同意，抵押人不得将被抵押民用航空器转让他人。

 Article 17 Once a mortgage is established on a civil aircraft, the ownership of the mortgaged civil aircraft shall not be transferred without the consent of the mortgagee.

 第三节  民用航空器优先权

Section 3 Civil Aircraft Liens

第十八条  民用航空器优先权，是指债权人依照本法第十九条规定，向民用航空器所有人、承租人提出赔偿请求，对产生该赔偿请求的民用航空器具有优先受偿的权利。

 Article 18 A civil aircraft lien is the right of the claimant, subject to the provisions of Article 19 of this Law, to take priority in compensation against the owner and lessee of the civil aircraft with respect to the civil aircraft which gave rise to the said claim.

第十九条  下列各项债权具有民用航空器优先权：

Article 19 The following obligatory rights shall be entitled to civil aircraft liens:

（一）援救该民用航空器的报酬；

(1) Remuneration for rescuing the civil aircraft; and

（二）保管维护该民用航空器的必需费用。

(2) Necessary expenses incurred for the custody of the civil aircraft.

前款规定的各项债权，后发生的先受偿。

  With respect to the obligatory rights specified in the preceding paragraph, that arising later shall be satisfied first.

第二十条  本法第十九条规定的民用航空器优先权，其债权人应当自援救或者保管维护工作终了之日起三个月内，就其债权向国务院民用航空主管部门登记。

Article 20 The creditor of the civil aircraft liens specified in Article 19 of this Law shall register his obligatory rights with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council within three months commencing from the date of the end of rescue or custody.

第二十一条  为了债权人的共同利益，在执行人民法院判决以及拍卖过程中产生的费用，应当从民用航空器拍卖所得价款中先行拨付。

 Article 21 For the common interests of creditors, the expenses incurred in enforcing the decision of the People's Court and in the course of auction sale shall be deducted and paid first from the proceeds of the auction sale of the civil aircraft.

第二十二条  民用航空器优先权先于民用航空器抵押权受偿。

Article 22 A civil aircraft lien shall have priority over the mortgage of a civil aircraft.

第二十三条  本法第十九条规定的债权转移的，其民用航空器优先权随之转移。

 Article 23 Where the obligatory rights provided in Article 19 of this Law are transferred, the civil aircraft liens attached  thereto  shall  be transferred accordingly.

第二十四条  民用航空器优先权应当通过人民法院扣押产生优先权的民用航空器行使。

Article 24 A civil aircraft lien shall be enforced by the People's Court by arresting the civil aircraft that gave rise to the said civil aircraft lien.

第二十五条  民用航空器优先权自援救或者保管维护工作终了之日起满三个月时终止；但是，债权人就其债权已经依照本法第二十条规定登记，并具有下列情形之一的除外：

Article 25 A civil aircraft lien shall be terminated at the expiry of three months commencing from the date of the end of rescue or custody; except that the creditor has registered his obligatory rights according to the provisions of Article 20 of this Law and that the case is under one of the following circumstances:

（一）债权人、债务人已经就此项债权的金额达成协议；

(1) The creditor and debtor have reached agreement on the amount of the said obligatory rights; or

（二）有关此项债权的诉讼已经开始。

(2) The legal action concerning the obligatory rights has started.

民用航空器优先权不因民用航空器所有权的转让而消灭；但是，民用航空器经依法强制拍卖的除外。

 A civil aircraft lien shall not be extinguished because of the transference of the ownership of the civil aircraft; except that the civil aircraft was the subject of a forced auction sale in accordance with law.

 第四节  民用航空器租赁

Section 4 Lease of Civil Aircraft

第二十六条  民用航空器租赁合同，包括融资租赁合同和其他租赁合同，应当以书面形式订立。

 Article 26 A civil aircraft lease contract, including financing lease contract and other lease contracts, shall be made in writing.

第二十七条  民用航空器的融资租赁，是指出租人按照承租人对供货方和民用航空器的选择，购得民用航空器，出租给承租人使用，由承租人定期交纳租金。

 Article 27 The   financing lease of civil aircraft   means that the lessor acquires a civil aircraft pursuant to the selection of the lessee with respect to supplier and civil aircraft, and leases it to the lessee, who shall pay rental periodically.

第二十八条  融资租赁期间，出租人依法享有民用航空器所有权，承租人依法享有民用航空器的占有、使用、收益权。

 Article 28 During the period of financing lease, the lessor shall be legally entitled to the ownership of the civil aircraft, and the lessee shall be legally entitled to the rights of possession, utilization and earnings of the civil aircraft.

第二十九条  融资租赁期间，出租人不得干扰承租人依法占有、使用民用航空器；承租人应当适当地保管民用航空器，使之处于原交付时的状态，但是合理损耗和经出租人同意的对民用航空器的改变除外。

 Article 29 During the period of financing lease, the lessor shall ensure the lessee to possess and use the civil aircraft without interference; the lessee shall take proper care of the civil aircraft and keep it in the condition in which it was delivered, subject to fair wear and tear and to any modification of the civil aircraft agreed by the lessor.

第三十条  融资租赁期满，承租人应当将符合本法第二十九条规定状态的民用航空器退还出租人；但是，承租人依照合同行使购买民用航空器的权利或者为继续租赁而占有民用航空器的除外。

 Article 30 When the financing lease contract comes to an end, the lessee, unless exercising a right to purchase the civil aircraft or to hold the civil aircraft on lease for a further period in accordance with the contract, shall return the civil aircraft to the lessor in the condition specified in Article 29 of this Law.

第三十一条  民用航空器融资租赁中的供货方，不就同一损害同时对出租人和承租人承担责任。

Article 31 The supplier in the financing lease of a civil aircraft shall not be liable to both the lessor and the lessee at the same time in respect of the same damage.

第三十二条  融资租赁期间，经出租人同意，在不损害第三人利益的情况下，承租人可以转让其对民用航空器的占有权或者租赁合同约定的其他权利。

 Article 32 During the period of financing lease, the lessee may transfer the right of the possession of the civil aircraft as well as other rights under the lease contract only with the consent of the lessor and without jeopardizing the interests of third parties.

第三十三条  民用航空器的融资租赁和租赁期限为六个月以上的其他租赁，承租人应当就其对民用航空器的占有权向国务院民用航空主管部门办理登记；未经登记的，不得对抗第三人。

 Article 33 In the case of a financing lease, or other leases covering a period of six months or longer, the lessee shall register his right of possession of the civil aircraft with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council; no such lease may act against a third party unless registered.

 第四章  民用航空器适航管理

Chapter IV Airworthiness Management of Civil Aircraft

第三十四条  设计民用航空器及其发动机、螺旋桨和民用航空器上设备，应当向国务院民用航空主管部门申请领取型号合格证书。经审查合格的，发给型号合格证书。

 Article 34 Application shall be filed with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council for type certificate for the designing of civil aircraft and its engines, propellers and on-board equipment. A type certificate shall be issued accordingly if found qualified through examination.

第三十五条  生产、维修民用航空器及其发动机、螺旋桨和民用航空器上设备，应当向国务院民用航空主管部门申请领取生产许可证书、维修许可证书。经审查合格的，发给相应的证书。

 Article 35 Application shall be filed with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council for production certificate and maintenance certificate for the production and maintenance of civil aircraft and its engines, propellers and on-board equipment. A corresponding certificate or certificates shall be issued accordingly if found qualified through examination.

第三十六条  外国制造人生产的任何型号的民用航空器及其发动机、螺旋桨和民用航空器上设备，首次进口中国的，该外国制造人应当向国务院民用航空主管部门申请领取型号认可证书。经审查合格的，发给型号认可证书。

 Article 36 Where a civil aircraft and its engines, propellers and on-board equipment produced by a foreign manufacturer are imported into China for the first time, such foreign manufacturer shall file an application with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council for type validation certificate. A type validation certificate shall be issued if found qualified through examination.

已取得外国颁发的型号合格证书的民用航空器及其发动机、螺旋桨和民用航空器上设备，首次在中国境内生产的，该型号合格证书的持有人应当向国务院民用航空主管部门申请领取型号认可证书。经审查合格的，发给型号认可证书。

  Where a civil aircraft and its engines, propellers and on-board equipment, for which a type certificate has been issued in a foreign country, are produced for the first time in China, the holder of the type certificate shall file an application with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council for type validation certificate. A type validation certificate shall be issued if found qualified  through examination.

第三十七条  具有中华人民共和国国籍的民用航空器，应当持有国务院民用航空主管部门颁发的适航证书，方可飞行。

Article 37 A civil aircraft possessing the nationality of the People's Republic of China may fly only if it holds an airworthiness certificate issued by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

出口民用航空器及其发动机、螺旋桨和民用航空器上设备，制造人应当向国务院民用航空主管部门申请领取出口适航证书。经审查合格的，发给出口适航证书。

  Application shall be filed with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council by the manufacturer for export airworthiness certificate with respect to the export of civil aircraft and its engines, propellers and on-board equipment. An export airworthiness certificate shall be issued if found qualified through examination.

租用的外国民用航空器，应当经国务院民用航空主管部门对其原国籍登记国发给的适航证书审查认可或者另发适航证书，方可飞行。

  A foreign civil aircraft on lease may fly only after the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council has examined and rendered valid its airworthiness certificate issued by the State in which the nationality of such aircraft was originally registered, or has issued a new airworthiness certificate therefor.

民用航空器适航管理规定，由国务院制定。

 The regulations for the airworthiness of civil air-craft shall be formulated by the State Council.

第三十八条  民用航空器的所有人或者承租人应当按照适航证书规定的使用范围使用民用航空器，做好民用航空器的维修保养工作，保证民用航空器处于适航状态。

 Article 38 The owner and lessee of a civil aircraft shall use the aircraft in accordance with the scope of use prescribed in airworthiness certificate, conscientiously carry out the maintenance of the aircraft and ensure its airworthiness.

 第五章  航空人员　第一节　一般规定

Chapter V Airmen  Section 1 Basic Principles

第三十九条  本法所称航空人员，是指下列从事民用航空活动的空勤人员和地面人员：

 Article 39 The   airmen   as referred to in this Law means the following flight personnel and ground personnel engaged in civil aviation activities:

（一）空勤人员，包括驾驶员、领航员、飞行机械人员、飞行通信员、乘务员；

 (1) Flight personnel, including pilots, navigators, flight engineers, flight radio operators and cabin attendants; and

（二）地面人员，包括民用航空器维修人员、空中交通管制员、飞行签派员、航空电台通信员。

 (2) Ground personnel, including civil aircraft maintenance personnel, air traffic controllers, flight dispatchers and aeronautical radio station operators.

第四十条  航空人员应当接受专门训练，经考核合格，取得国务院民用航空主管部门颁发的执照，方可担任其执照载明的工作。

 Article 40 An airman may perform the duty specified in his licence only if he has received professional training, and has been qualified through examination and issued a licence by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

空勤人员和空中交通管制员在取得执照前，还应当接受国务院民用航空主管部门认可的体格检查单位的检查，并取得国务院民用航空主管部门颁发的体格检查合格证书。

  Flight personnel and air traffic controllers shall, before obtaining licences, also be subject to the check of the physical examination unit approved by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council, and obtain the physical examination certificate issued by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

第四十一条  空勤人员在执行飞行任务时，应当随身携带执照和体格检查合格证书，并接受国务院民用航空主管部门的查验。

 Article 41 Flight personnel shall, in performing flight missions, carry on their persons licences and physical examination certificates and be subject to the check of the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

第四十二条  航空人员应当接受国务院民用航空主管部门定期或者不定期的检查和考核；经检查、考核合格的，方可继续担任其执照载明的工作。

Article 42 Airmen shall be subject to the periodical or non-periodical inspection and examination of the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council. Only those qualified in inspection and examination may continue to perform the duties specified in their licences.

空勤人员还应当参加定期的紧急程序训练。

 Flight personnel shall also take part in periodical training of emergency procedures.

空勤人员间断飞行的时间超过国务院民用航空主管部门规定时限的，应当经过检查和考核；乘务员以外的空勤人员还应当经过带飞。

  Flight personnel who have exceeded the time limit of interruption in flight prescribed by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council shall be subject to inspection and examination; with the exception of cabin attendants, flight personnel shall also go through instruction flight.

经检查、考核、带飞合格的，方可继续担任其执照载明的工作。

  Only those qualified through inspection, examination and instruction flight may continue to perform the duties specified in their licences.

 第二节  机组

Section 2 Crew

第四十三条  民用航空器机组由机长和其他空勤人员组成。

Article 43 The crew of a civil aircraft is composed of a pilot-in-command and other flight personnel.

机长应当由具有独立驾驶该型号民用航空器的技术和经验的驾驶员担任。

The pilot-in-command shall be a pilot possessing the technique and experience of independently piloting that type of civil aircraft.

机组的组成和人员数额，应当符合国务院民用航空主管部门的规定。

 The composition of a crew and the number of its members shall conform to the regulations of the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

第四十四条  民用航空器的操作由机长负责，机长应当严格履行职责，保护民用航空器及其所载人员和财产的安全。

 Article 44 The pilot-in-command is responsible for the operation of the civil aircraft, and shall strictly perform his duties to protect the safety of the civil aircraft and persons and property carried therein.

机长在其职权范围内发布的命令，民用航空器所载人员都应当执行。

 Orders issued by the pilot-in-command within the scope of his functions and powers shall be implemented by all the persons carried by the civil aircraft.

第四十五条  飞行前，机长应当对民用航空器实施必  的检查；未经检查，不得起飞。

Article 45 The pilot-in-command shall carry out necessary inspection of the civil aircraft before flight; no civil aircraft shall takeoff unless inspected.

机长发现民用航空器、机尝气象条件等不符合规定，不能保证飞行安全的，有权拒绝起飞。

  Where and when a pilot-in-command discovers that the civil aircraft, airport and weather conditions do not conform to the requirements prescribed and cannot ensure flight safety, he has the right to refuse takeoff.

第四十六条  飞行中，对于任何破坏民用航空器、扰乱民用航空器内秩序、危害民用航空器所载人员或者财产安全以及其他危及飞行安全的行为，在保证安全的前提下，机长有权采取必要的适当措施。

 Article 46 The pilot-in-command has the right to take necessary and appropriate measures in flight, under the prerequisite of ensuring flight safety, against any acts which may destroy the civil aircraft, interfere with the order on board and jeopardize the safety of persons or property therein, and any other acts jeopardizing flight safety.

飞行中，遇到特殊情况时，为保证民用航空器及其所载人员的安全，机长有权对民用航空器作出处置。

  In case of extraordinary circumstances in flight, the pilot-in-command shall have authority as to disposition of the civil aircraft so as to ensure the safety of the aircraft and the persons therein.

第四十七条  机长发现机组人员不适宜执行飞行任务的，为保证飞行安全，有权提出调整。

Article 47 The pilot-in-command has the right to ask for a change of crew member(s) in order to ensure flight safety if he discovers that the crew member(s) are not suitable for performing the flight mission.

第四十八条  民用航空器遇险时，机长有权采取一切必要措施，并指挥机组人员和航空器上其他人员采取抢救措施。

 Article 48 In case a civil aircraft is in distress, the pilot-in-command has the right to take all necessary measures, and direct the crew members and other persons on board the aircraft to take rescue measures.

在必须撤离遇险民用航空器的紧急情况下，机长必须采取措施，首先组织旅客安全离开民用航空器；

  In case of emergency which necessitates evacuation from the civil aircraft in distress, the pilot-in-command must take measures first to organize passengers to leave the civil aircraft safely;

未经机长允许，机组人员不得擅自离开民用航空器；机长应当最后离开民用航空器。

 no crew member shall leave the civil aircraft unless authorized by the pilot-in-command;  the pilot-in-command shall be the last to leave the aircraft.

第四十九条  民用航空器发生事故，机长应当直接或者通过空中交通管制单位，如实将事故情况及时报告国务院民用航空主管部门。

 Article 49 In case an accident occurred to a civil aircraft, the pilot-in-command shall report in time the state of the accident accurately to the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council directly or through air traffic control unit.

第五十条  机长收到船舶或者其他航空器的遇险信号，或者发现遇险的船舶、航空器及其人员，应当将遇险情况及时报告就近的空中交通管制单位并给予可能的合理的援助。

 Article 50 When a pilot-in-command received SOS signals from a ship or another aircraft, or discovered a ship or an aircraft and the persons therein in distress, he shall report the state of distress in time to the nearest air traffic control unit and give possible, rational assistance.

第五十一条  飞行中，机长因故不能履行职务的，由仅次于机长职务的驾驶员代理机长；

 Article 51 In case a pilot-in-command is unable to perform his duties in flight due to one reason or another, the pilot holding a post next only to him shall act on his behalf; 

在下一个经停地起飞前，民用航空器所有人或者承租人应当指派新机长接任。

the owner or lessee of the civil aircraft shall assign a new pilot-in-command to take over before the aircraft takes off at the next place of stop.

第五十二条  只有一名驾驶员，不需配备其他空勤人员的民用航空器，本节对机长的规定，适用于该驾驶员。

 Article 52 In the case of a civil aircraft with only one pilot and without the need to have other flight personnel, the provisions of this Section concerning the pilot-in-command shall be applicable to such pilot.

 第六章  民用机场

Chapter VI Civil Airport

第五十三条  本法所称民用机场，是指专供民用航空器起飞、降落、滑行、停放以及进行其他活动使用的划定区域，包括附属的建筑物、装置和设施。

 Article 53 The   civil airport   as referred to in this Law means a defined area, including any subsidiary buildings, installations and equipment, intended to be used for the takeoff, landing, taxiing, parking and other activities of civil aircraft.

本法所称民用机场不包括临时机场。

 The civil airport referred to in this Law does not include temporary airfield.

军民合用机场由国务院、中央军事委员会另行制定管理办法。

 The measures for the management of airports used by both military and civil air operations shall be separately formulated by the State Council and the Central Military Commission jointly.

第五十四条  民用机场的建设和使用应当统筹安排、合理布局，提高机场的使用效率。

 Article 54 The construction and utilization of civil airports shall be subject to overall arrangement and rational distribution, and the efficiency of airport utilization shall be raised.

全国民用机场的布局和建设规划，由国务院民用航空主管部门会同国务院其他有关部门制定，并按照国家规定的程序，经批准后组织实施。

  The plan of distribution and construction of civil airports in the whole country shall be formulated jointly by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council and other departments concerned under the State Council, and shall be implemented after being approved in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the State.

盛自治区、直辖市人民政府应当根据全国民用机场的布局和建设规划，制定本行政区域内的民用机场建设规划，并按照国家规定的程序报经批准后，将其纳入本级国民经济和社会发展规划。

 The People's Governments of provinces, autonomous regions  and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall formulate the civil airport construction plans of their own administrative areas on the basis of the national plan of civil airport distribution and construction, and incorporate such plans into the national economic and  social development programs at their respective levels after being approved in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the State.

第五十五条  民用机场建设规划应当与城市建设规划相协调。

Article 55 The civil airport construction plan shall be coordinated with city construction planning.

第五十六条  新建、改建和扩建民用机场，应当符合依法制定的民用机场布局和建设规划，符合民用机场标准，并按照国家规定报经有关主管机关批准并实施。

 Article 56 The construction, modification and extension of a civil airport shall conform to the plan of civil airport distribution and construction formulated according to law and to the standards of civil airport, and shall be subject to the approval of the competent authority concerned and implemented in accordance with State regulations.

不符合依法制定的民用机场布局和建设规划的民用机场建设项目，不得批准。

 A construction project of civil airport not conforming to the plan of civil airport distribution and construction formulated according to law shall not be approved.

第五十七条  新建、扩建民用机场，应当由民用机场所在地县级以上地方人民政府发布公告。

 Article 57 With respect to the construction and extension of a civil airport, an announcement shall be issued by the local People's Government at or above the county level in the place where the civil airport is located.

前款规定的公告应当在当地主要报纸上刊登，并在拟新建、扩建机场周围地区张贴。

  The announcement prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be published in main local newspapers, and posted in areas around the airport to be constructed or extended.

第五十八条  禁止在依法划定的民用机场范围内和按照国家规定划定的机场净空保护区域内从事下列活动：

Article 58 The following activities are prohibited within the limits of civil airport defined according to law and within the airport obstacle clearance protection zone defined according to State regulations:

（一）修建可能在空中排放大量烟雾、粉尘、火焰、废气而影响飞行安全的建筑物或者设施；

 (1) The construction of buildings or facilities that will possibly affect flight safety by emitting large amount of smoke, dust, flames and waste gas in the air;

（二）修建靶尝强烈爆炸物仓库等影响飞行安全的建筑物或者设施；

(2) The construction of buildings or facilities that will affect flight safety such as shooting range and storage of strong explosives;

（三）修建不符合机场净空要求的建筑物或者设施；

(3) The construction of buildings or facilities that do not meet the requirements of obstacle clearance of the airport;

（四）设置影响机场目视助航设施使用的灯光、标志或者物体；

 (4) The installation of lights, signs or objects that will affect the use of airport visual navaid;

（五）种植影响飞行安全或者影响机场助航设施使用的植物；

(5) The growing of plants that will affect flight safety or affect the use of airport navaid;

（六）饲养、放飞影响飞行安全的鸟类动物和其他物体；

(6) The keeping and setting free of birds and other objects that will affect flight safety; and

（七）修建影响机场电磁环境的建筑物或者设施。

(7) The construction of buildings or facilities that will affect the electromagnetic environment of the airport.

禁止在依法划定的民用机场范围内放养牲畜。

 Herding of livestock within the limits of civil airport defined according to law is prohibited.

第五十九条  民用机场新建、扩建的公告发布前，在依法划定的民用机场范围内和按照国家规定划定的机场净空保护区域内存在的可能影响飞行安全的建筑物、构筑物、树木、灯光和其他障碍物体，应当在规定的期限内清除；对由此造成的损失，应当给予补偿或者依法采取其他补救措施。

 Article 59 Before the issue of announcement concerning the construction and extension of a civil airport, the buildings, structures, trees, lights and other obstacles existing within the limits of the civil airport defined according to law and within the airport obstacle clearance protection zone defined in accordance with State regulations that might affect flight safety shall be removed within prescribed time limit; the damage caused thereby shall be compensated or other remedial measures shall be taken according to law.

第六十条  民用机场新建、扩建的公告发布后，任何单位和个人违反本法和有关行政法规的规定，在依法划定的民用机场范围内和按照国家规定划定的机场净空保护区域内修建、种植或者设置影响飞行安全的建筑物、构筑物、树木、灯光和其他障碍物体的，由机场所在地县级以上地方人民政府责令清除；

 Article 60 After the issue of announcement concerning the construction and extension of a civil airport, the buildings, structures, trees, lights and other obstacles, that affect flight safety, built, planted or put up in violation of this Law and the provisions of relevant administrative rules and regulations by any unit or individual within the limits of the civil airport defined according to law and within the airport obstacle clearance protection zone defined in accordance with State regulations shall be removed by the order of the local People's Government at or above the county level in the place where the airport is located; 

由此造成的损失，由修建、种植或者设置该障碍物体的人承担。

 the damage caused thereby shall be borne by the person who built, planted or put up such obstacles.

第六十一条  在民用机场及其按照国家规定划定的净空保护区域以外，对可能影响飞行安全的高大建筑物或者设施，应当按照国家有关规定设置飞行障碍灯和标志，并使其保持正常状态。

 Article 61 In accordance with the relevant regulations of the State, movement obstacle lights and marks shall be installed on high buildings or facilities, outside the civil airport and its  obstacle  clearance protection zone defined according to State regulations, that will possibly affect flight safety, and shall be kept in normal condition.

第六十二条  民用机场应当持有机场使用许可证，方可开放使用。

Article 62 A civil airport may be opened to traffic only if it holds an airport operating licence.

民用机场具备下列条件，并按照国家规定经验收合格后，方可申请机场使用许可证：

 A civil airport may apply for an airport operating licence if it meets the following conditions and has been checked and accepted as qualified according to State regulations:

（一）具备与其运营业务相适应的飞行区、航站区、工作区以及服务设施和人员；

 (1) It has available a movement area, a terminal area, a working area and service facilities and personnel corresponding to its operation;

（二）具备能够保障飞行安全的空中交通管制、通信导航、气象等设施和人员；

 (2) It has available air traffic control, communication, navigation and meteorological facilities and personnel that can ensure flight safety;

（三）具备符合国家规定的安全保卫条件；

(3) It has available security protection conditions conforming to State regulations;

（四）具备处理特殊情况的应急计划以及相应的设施和人员；

(4) It has an emergency plan to deal with extraordinary circumstances and corresponding facilities and personnel; and

（五）具备国务院民用航空主管部门规定的其他条件。

(5) It has available other conditions prescribed by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

国际机场还应当具备国际通航条件，设立海关和其他口岸检查机关。

 An international airport shall also have the conditions for operating international air transport and be provided with customs and other port inspection organs.

第六十三条  民用机场使用许可证由机场管理机构向国务院民用航空主管部门申请，经国务院民用航空主管部门审查批准后颁发。

 Article 63 A civil airport operating licence shall be applied for by airport administrative organ to the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council, and shall be issued after the application being examined and approved by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

第六十四条  设立国际机场，由国务院民用航空主管部门报请国务院审查批准。

Article 64 The establishment of an international airport shall be reported by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council for the examination and approval of the State Council.

国际机场的开放使用，由国务院民用航空主管部门对外公告；国际机场资料由国务院民用航空主管部门统一对外提供。

 The opening to traffic of an international airport shall be announced to the public by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council; the data of an international airport shall be exclusively provided by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

第六十五条  民用机场应当按照国务院民用航空主管部门的规定，采取措施，保证机场内人员和财产的安全。

Article 65 A civil airport shall take measures to ensure the safety of personnel and property in the airport in accordance with the provisions of the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

第六十六条  供运输旅客或者货物的民用航空器使用的民用机场，应当按照国务院民用航空主管部门规定的标准，设置必要设施，为旅客和货物托运人、收货人提供良好服务。

 Article 66 A civil airport used by civil aircraft for the purpose of transporting passengers and cargo shall be equipped with necessary facilities to provide good service to passengers, shippers and consignees in accordance with the standards provided by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

第六十七条  民用机场管理机构应当依照环境保护法律、行政法规的规定，做好机场环境保护工作。

Article 67 A civil airport administrative organ shall protect  well  the environment of the civil airport in accordance with the provisions of the laws and administrative rules and regulations concerning environmental protection.

第六十八条  民用航空器使用民用机场及其助航设施的，应当缴纳使用费、服务费；使用费、服务费的收费标准，由国务院民用航空主管部门会同国务院财政部门、物价主管部门制定。

Article 68 A user's charge and a service charge shall be paid for the use of civil airport and its navaid by a civil aircraft; the rates of user's charge and service charge shall be formulated jointly by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council and the  finance department and the competent authority of prices under the State Council.

第六十九条  民用机场废弃或者改作他用，民用机场管理机构应当依照国家规定办理报批手续。

 Article 69 Where a civil airport is abandoned or used for other purposes, the civil airport administrative organ shall go through the formalities of reporting and approval in accordance with State regulations.

 第七章  空中航行 第一节  空域管理

Chapter VII Air Navigation  Section 1 Airspace Management

第七十条  国家对空域实行统一管理。

Article 70 The State exercises unified management over the airspace.

第七十一条  划分空域，应当兼顾民用航空和国防安全的需要以及公众的利益，使空域得到合理、充分、有效的利用。

 Article 71 In delineating the airspace, consideration shall be given to the requirements of both civil aviation and the security of national defence and to public interest for the rational, full and effective utilization of the airspace.

第七十二条  空域管理的具体办法，由国务院、中央军事委员会制定。

Article 72 The specific measures for airspace management shall be formulated jointly by the State Council and the Central Military Commission.

 第二节  飞行管理

Section 2 Flight Management

第七十三条  在一个划定的管制空域内，由一个空中交通管制单位负责该空域内的航空器的空中交通管制。

 Article 73 Responsibility for the control of aircraft operating within a defined, controlled airspace shall be vested in a single air traffic control unit.

第七十四条  民用航空器在管制空域内进行飞行活动，应当取得空中交通管制单位的许可。

Article 74 The approval of an air traffic control unit shall be obtained for a civil aircraft to conduct flight activities in a controlled airspace.

第七十五条  民用航空器应当按照空中交通管制单位指定的航路和飞行高度飞行；

Article 75 A civil aircraft in flight shall follow the air route and fly at the altitude specified by the air traffic control unit;

因故确需偏离指定的航路或者改变飞行高度飞行的，应当取得空中交通管制单位的许可。

permission shall be obtained from the air traffic control unit if a deviation from the air route or a change in flight altitude specified is necessary for one reason or another.

第七十六条  在中华人民共和国境内飞行的航空器，必须遵守统一的飞行规则。

Article 76 Aircraft flying in the territory of the People's Republic of China must observe unified rules of the air.

进行目视飞行的民用航空器，应当遵守目视飞行规则，并与其他航空器、地面障碍物体保持安全距离。

 A civil aircraft performing visual flight shall observe visual flight rules and keep a safe separation from other aircraft and ground obstacles.

进行仪表飞行的民用航空器，应当遵守仪表飞行规则。

 A civil aircraft performing instrument flight shall observe instrument flight rules.

飞行规则由国务院、中央军事委员会制定。

 The rules of the air shall be formulated jointly by the State Council and the Central Military Commission.

第七十七条  民用航空器机组人员的飞行时间、执勤时间不得超过国务院民用航空主管部门规定的时限。

Article 77 No crew member of a civil aircraft shall perform a flight mission if his flight time or time on duty exceeds the time limits prescribed by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

民用航空器机组人员受到酒类饮料、麻醉剂或者其他药物的影响，损及工作能力的，不得执行飞行任务。

  No crew member of a civil aircraft shall perform a flight mission if his work capacity is impaired by the effect of alcoholic beverage, narcotic or other drugs.

第七十八条  民用航空器除按照国家规定经特别批准外，不得飞入禁区；

Article 78 No civil aircraft shall fly into a prohibited area unless it is specially approved in accordance with State regulations;

除遵守规定的限制条件外，不得飞入限制区。

no civil aircraft shall fly into a restricted area unless it observes the prescribed conditions of restriction.

前款规定的禁区和限制区，依照国家规定划定。

 The prohibited area and restricted area specified in the preceding paragraph are defined in accordance with State regulations.

第七十九条  民用航空器不得飞越城市上空；但是，有下列情形之一的除外：

Article 79 No civil aircraft shall fly across the airspace over a city except in one of the following circumstances:

（一）起飞、降落或者指定的航路所必需的；

 (1) It is necessary for takeoff, landing or specified air route;

（二）飞行高度足以使该航空器在发生紧急情况时离开城市上空，而不致危及地面上的人员、财产安全的；

(2) The flight altitude is high enough to permit the civil aircraft to leave the airspace over the city in the event of emergency without undue hazard to persons or property on the surface;

（三）按照国家规定的程序获得批准的。

(3) The flight has been approved in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the State.

第八十条  飞行中，民用航空器不得投掷物品；但是，有下列情形之一的除外：

Article 80 Nothing shall be dropped or sprayed from a civil aircraft in flight except in one of the following circumstances:

（一）飞行安全所必需的；

(1) It is indispensable for flight safety; or

（二）执行救助任务或者符合社会公共利益的其他飞行任务所必需的。

(2) It is indispensable for performing a rescue mission or other flight missions conforming to the public interest of the society.

第八十一条  民用航空器未经批准不得飞出中华人民共和国领空。

Article 81 No civil aircraft shall fly out of the territorial airspace of the People's Republic of China unless approved.

对未经批准正在飞离中华人民共和国领空的民用航空器，有关部门有权根据具体情况采取必要措施，予以制止。

  Where a civil aircraft is leaving the airspace of the People's Republic of China without authorization, the department concerned has the right to take necessary measures to stop it in accordance with concrete conditions.

 第三节  飞行保障

Section 3 Flight Support

第八十二条  空中交通管制单位应当为飞行中的民用航空器提供空中交通服务，包括空中交通管制服务、飞行情报服务和告警服务。

 Article 82 An air traffic control unit shall provide air traffic services to civil aircraft in flight, including air traffic control service, flight information service and alerting service.

提供空中交通管制服务，旨在防止民用航空器同航空器、民用航空器同障碍物体相撞，维持并加速空中交通的有秩序的活动。

  The purpose of providing air traffic control service is to prevent collisions between civil aircraft and aircraft, and between civil aircraft and obstacles, and maintain and expedite an orderly flow of air traffic.

提供飞行情报服务，旨在提供有助于安全和有效地实施飞行的情报和建议。

 The purpose of providing flight information service is to provide advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights.

提供告警服务，旨在当民用航空器需要搜寻援救时，通知有关部门，并根据要求协助该有关部门进行搜寻援救。

  The purpose of providing alerting service is to notify appropriate organizations regarding aircraft in need of search and rescue aid, and assist such organizations as required.

第八十三条  空中交通管制单位发现民用航空器偏离指定航路、迷失航向时，应当迅速采取一切必要措施，使其回归航路。

 Article 83 In the event that an air traffic control unit discovers a civil aircraft deviated from its specified air route or lost its course, it shall rapidly take all necessary measures to enable the aircraft to regain course.

第八十四条  航路上应当设置必要的导航、通信、气象和地面监视设备。

 Article 84 Necessary navigation, communication, meteorological  and  ground monitoring equipments shall be installed on the air route.

第八十五条  航路上影响飞行安全的自然障碍物体，应当在航图上标明；

Article 85 The natural obstacles that affect flight safety on air route shall be marked on aeronautical charts;

航路上影响飞行安全的人工障碍物体，应当设置飞行障碍灯和标志，并使其保持正常状态。

flight obstacle lights and marks shall be installed on man-made obstacles that affect flight safety on air route and shall be kept in normal condition.

第八十六条  在距离航路边界三十公里以内的地带，禁止修建靶场和其他可能影响飞行安全的设施；但是，平射轻武器靶场除外。

 Article 86 The construction of a shooting range or other facilities that will possibly affect flight safety is prohibited within the area extending 30 kilometers from the edges of an air route, unless it is a shooting range for flat trajectory light weapon.

在前款规定地带以外修建固定的或者临时性对空发射场，应当按照国家规定获得批准；对空发射场的发射方向，不得与航路交叉。

 The construction of a fixed or temporary air shooting ground beyond the area prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be subject to approval according to relevant State regulations; the shooting direction of an air shooting range shall not intersect an air route.

第八十七条  任何可能影响飞行安全的活动，应当依法获得批准，并采取确保飞行安全的必要措施，方可进行。

Article 87 Any activity that will possibly affect flight safety may be carried out only after being approved according to law with necessary measures being taken to ensure flight safety.

第八十八条  国务院民用航空主管部门应当依法对民用航空无线电台和分配给民用航空系统使用的专用频率实施管理。

Article 88 The competent civil aviation authority under the State Council shall exercise control over civil aviation radio stations and the special frequencies assigned to be used by civil aviation system according to law.

任何单位或者个人使用的无线电台和其他仪器、装置，不得妨碍民用航空无线电专用频率的正常使用。

 No radio station or other instrument and device used by a unit or an individual shall hinder the normal use of civil aviation special radio frequencies.

对民用航空无线电专用频率造成有害干扰的，有关单位或者个人应当迅速排除干扰；

 Where harmful interference has been caused to civil aviation special radio frequencies, the unit or individual concerned shall rapidly remove such interference; 

未排除干扰前，应当停止使用该无线电台或者其他仪器、装置。

the use of such radio station or other instrument and device shall be stopped before the removal of the interference.

第八十九条  邮电通信企业应当对民用航空电信传递优先提供服务。

Article 89 The post and telecommunication enterprise shall give priority in service to civil aviation telecommunication transmission.

国家气象机构应当对民用航空气象机构提供必要的气象资料。

 The State meteorological organ shall provide necessary meteorological data to civil aviation meteorological organ.

 第四节  飞行必备文件

Section 4 Essential Documents for Flight

第九十条  从事飞行的民用航空器，应当携带下列文件：

Article 90 A civil aircraft engaged in flight operation shall carry the following documents:

（一）民用航空器国籍登记证书；

(1) Civil aircraft certificate of nationality registration;

（二）民用航空器适航证书；

(2) Civil aircraft certificate of airworthiness;

（三）机组人员相应的执照；

(3) Appropriate licences for crew members;

（四）民用航空器航行记录簿；

(4) Civil aircraft journey log book;

（五）装有无线电设备的民用航空器，其无线电台执照；

 (5) If the civil aircraft is equipped with radio apparatus, its radio station licence;

（六）载有旅客的民用航空器，其所载旅客姓名及其出发地点和目的地点的清单；

 (6) If the civil aircraft carries passengers, a list of their names and places of embarkation and destination;

（七）载有货物的民用航空器，其所载货物的舱单和明细的申报单；

 (7) If the civil aircraft carries cargo, a manifest and detailed declarations of the cargo; and

（八）根据飞行任务应当携带的其他文件。

(8) Other documents that should be carried according to the flight mission.

民用航空器未按规定携带前款所列文件的，国务院民用航空主管部门或者其授权的地区民用航空管理机构可以禁止该民用航空器起飞。

  Where a civil aircraft fails to carry the documents as listed in the preceding paragraph according to regulations, the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council or the regional civil  aviation administrative organ authorized by it may prohibit such civil aircraft to take off.