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陈清霖（等） 英语讲义
相关链接：Kaleidoscopic English * 联合早报 * 常见party大全 (USA) * 陈清霖：翻译的技巧 * 每日习语 * 流行美语
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索 引
Ｐ１：stag party 雄鹿会，男子聚会 * hen party 女性聚会 * tailgate party 车尾野餐会，球迷的场外野餐会 * bachelor party告别独身晚会 * baby shower 送礼会 * crash a party 没有请柬闯入晚会 * no-host party 费用分摊的社交聚会 * lynching party, necktie party 由群众处的绞刑 * 售货员以英文招呼 你该如何回答？* 生病的症状(Symptom) * Deadbeat 精疲力尽的 * a dead end 没出口的路；死胡同（P6） * a dead-end job 无晋升希望的工作 * Hand sth. out to sb. 把……交给…… * Hand over sb./ sth. to sb. 引渡某人；移交某事 * Hand sth. on (to sb.) 把消息等转达给某人 * In a big way 大规模的 * In a bind/jam 陷入困境 * Judging from/by sth. 从某事判断 * Judge sb./ sth. by appearances 以貌取人，从外表看事情 * Of necessity 逻辑上必要地 * Add up to something 总计，等于 * Addicted to sth. 沉迷于 * Address oneself to sth. 注意到 * Beaten road is the safest 多人走过的路最安全 * Beauty is but skin deep 肤浅 * Beauty is in the eye of the beholder 美的观念人人不同 * Carry out sth. 完成某事 * Carry sb./sth. through 帮助完成某事、帮助某人渡过难关 * Carry something too far 做得过分 * Delegate sb. to do sth. 委托某人做某事 * Delete sth. from some place 删除 * Deliberate on/upon sth. 仔细考虑 * Eat sb. out of house and home 把某人吃穷 * Eavesdrop on sb. 窃听 * Eavesdroppers never hear any good of themselves 偷听话的人听不到自己的好话 * Above/over one's head 难以理解 * Above oneself 得意忘形；自高自大 * Above/below par （价格）在票面价值或标准以上／以下 * a/the back-seat driver 对司机胡乱指点的乘客，自动乱给劝告的人 * Backstairs influence/talk 秘密或间接的影响或谈话 * Bad blood between one person and another 仇恨；厌恶 * Calculate on/upon (doing) sth. 指望；依靠 * Call a spade a spade 直言不讳 * Cocoon sb. from/against sth. 盖在保护层里 * a dark horse 黑马（有本事而深藏不露的人），实力难测的竞争者（P6）* Dash off 匆匆地写，猛冲 * Half the battle 至关重要的一部分（工作）* a hallmark of sth. 某事的特征 * Hammer away at sth. 努力做某事 * Ideal for 理想的；最合适的 * Identical to sth. 与某事相同 * Import sth. to sb./sth. 传达 * Join hands (with sb.) 携手，联合 * Join in sth. 参与某事 * Of two evils choose the lesser 两害取其小和轻的 * Patch up 迅速修补，解决纷争，Pave the way for sth. 为……铺路 * Go off one's head 发疯；疯了（Ｐ３） * Come to a head 达到摊牌阶段 * From head to toe 从头到脚 * Have a head for figures 数学好 * Have a head start 起步比人快 * Have one's head in the clouds 与实际情况脱节 * Have one's head screwed on the right way 必须理智和清醒 * Head over heels 完全地；彻底地 * Keep a cool head 保持冷静 * Keep one's head above water 避免负债 * Lose one's head 失去控制 * Make no head or tail of... 对……不知所云 * Put...into someone's head 向……提供意见 * Use One's head 动动脑筋 * Put our/ your /their heads together 大家一起商量 * Head and shoulders above... 胜过…… * Hit the nail on the head 做得恰到好处；说得对极了 * 词语的搭配 * 动名词与带ing的名词 * Delusions of grandeur 自以为重要或有权势的幻念 * Deluged with sth. 充满 * Educated guess 凭知识或经验的猜测 * Egg sb. on (to do sth.) 怂恿 * Either way/in either case 任何一种情况 * Eke out sth. 补足 * Fall into disuse 废而不用 * Fall into oblivion 遗忘 * Fall off 数量减少 * Fall through 失败 * Fan out 散开 *
Ｐ２：Abandon oneself to sth. 完全屈服于……；陷入…… * Abase oneself 降低自己的身分 * Abide by sth. 遵守某事 * Back a/the wrong horse 下错了赌注；支持输家；支持失败的一方（见P6） * Back away (from doing sth.) 因害怕或厌恶而后退 * Call forth/out sth. 使某事物出现；引出某事物 * Call in sb./sth. 请某人来；下令收回某物 *a dab hand at (doing) sth. （做）某事的能手 * Dabble in sth. 涉水；涉猎；浅尝辄止 * Had better 最好 * Haggle over/about sth. 讨价还价 * I beg to differ 恕我不能赞同 * I/You bet 我敢肯定；你可确信 * a Jack-in-the-box 盒中的玩偶；比喻一个人静不下来 * a Jack of all trades is master of none 博而不精的人 * Oblivious of/to sth. 未觉察某事；不注意某事 * an odd man/one out 与众不同的人或物 * a pack of lies 一派胡言 * Pack someone off (to some place) 迅速打发某人 * Qualify as someone/for sth. 具……的资格；合格于…… * Quarrel with one's bread and butter 和自己的生计过不去 * Race against time/a race against time 尽快工作，按时完成 * Abide by the consequences 忍受不良后果 * Able to/can take sth. 能承受不好的事 * Abound in/with sth. 有很多…… * Back down 放弃对某事的要求等 * Back on to sth. 背向 * Call it a day 停止工作或活动；一天工作完毕 （另见Ｐ３） * Call off sth. 取消某事；停止某事 * Dally about 慢而浪费时间 * Dally with sth. 不认真考虑某事 * Dam up sth. 抑制某事 * Hail-fellow-well-met with sb. 对人十分友好 * Hail sb. or sth. as sb. else/sth. else 热情地承认某事或招呼某人 * I couldn't agree more （与某人意见）完全一致 * I dare say 我相信；可能 * I hate to disturb/bother/trouble you, but... 我不愿麻烦你，但…… * Jack up 顶起；增加；提高 * Oddities and absurdities 稀奇古怪 * Odds and ends 琐碎物品 * Pack up 不再做某事；放弃…… * Packed like sardines 拥挤（如罐中的沙丁鱼）* Queue up (for sth.) 排队等候 * Quibble about/at sth. or a quibble over sth. 因小事而争论 * 多姿多彩的with结构 * About average 符合一般水平 * About time 差不多到时候了 * About to 即将；正要 * Back to back 背靠背 * Back to front 前后颠倒；透彻地 * Back up sb./sth. 支持某人／某事 * Call on/upon sb. 访问某人 * Call on/upon sb. to do sth. 邀请；恳求；促使 * Call out sb. 召唤 * Damp(en) sth. down 使火燃烧缓慢下来；抑制；减弱 * Dance attendance on/upon sb. 侍候某人，听其差遣 * Halcyon days 太平幸福的日子 * Hale and hearty 健壮的 * Half a loaf is better than no bread 少量比完全没有好 * I hate to mention it, but... 让我提醒你 * I would be the first/ last person to... 我很愿意／很不愿意做某事 * Jealous of sb./sth. 妒忌某人／某事 * Jeer at sb. 嘲笑 * the odds are that 可能 * Of great/ some/ no account 很／有些／不重要 * Palm sth. off on sb./palm sb. off with sth. 劝说别人接受自己不喜欢的事物；打发不喜欢的人 * Raise one's eyebrows (at sth.) 表示惊讶或疑惑 * As的各种用途 * Above all 最重要的；尤其 * Above average 在一般水平以上 * Above criticism/ suspicion 无可批评／怀疑 * a back-breaking task/work 使人筋疲力尽的工作 * Backfire on sb. 产生出乎意料以及事与愿违的结果 * a/the backroom boy 在幕后默默工作的人 * Call sb. names 侮辱某人 * Call sb. to account 要求某人解释某事 * Call sth. in(to) question 怀疑某事物 * Darby and Joan 恩爱的老年夫妇 * Dare sb. to do sth. (dangerous) 激某人做某事（危险的事）；挑战 * Half an eye 一看就明白 * Half-and-half 不好也不坏；差强人意的 * Half-baked idea 考虑不周的念头 * I would if I could but I can't 我很想做某事但不能 * I wouldn't say no 我一定同意／答应 * Jib at doing sth. 不肯做某事 * Join/ combine forces (with sb.) 与某人联合以达到共同的目的 * Of high calibre 质量或能力高 * Of no/ little avail 没有一点儿／只有小小用处 * a parting of the ways 一分为二的地方；三岔路口；须在两者之间抉择的关键 * Pat sb. on the back/ give sb. a pat on the back 轻拍某人表示赞扬、鼓励等
Ｐ３：All night long 整夜 * Day after day 每天（Ｐ３） * Day in day out 一天又一天（Ｐ３） * For a rainy day 为困难的日子作准备 * In this day and age 在现在这时代 * Have an off day 不大成功或顺利的一天 * The order of the day 一般的惯例 * The other day 几天前 * To this day （指日期）准确地 * Have seen better days 曾经历过好日子 * Some day 将来 * One's days are numbered 末日将临 * Carry the day 胜利的一天 * Someone's day 幸运的一天 * Take a day off 休息一天 * Have a night out 夜间出去消遣 * A night owl 迟迟不睡者 * At the dead of night 深夜 * Save the day 使情况变佳 * Every dog has its day 凡人都有得意日 * What is done by night appears by day 若要人不知，除非己莫为 * Above sb. 令人难以理解 * Abscond from a place 潜逃出某地 * Absence makes the heart grow fonder 不见面令人更怀念 * Bad for sb. 对某人有害 * Bad news travels fast 恶事传千里 * a bad workman always blames his tools 技术差的工人埋怨工具不好 * Cajole/coax sb. into/out of (doing) sth. 劝诱某人做／不做某事 * a calculated risk 有意尝试的险 * Calculated to do sth. 计划做某事 * Call at a place 停靠某处 * Call back (sb.) 回电；再来拜访 * Date back to/from a certain time 自某时代至今 * Daub with sth. 涂抹 * Dawn on/upon sb. 突然明白 * Half the world knows not how the other half lives 这类人不知另一类人的生活方式 * Hammer out sth. 竭力做某事；用锤敲去某物 * Impose on sb. 使人为难 * Impoverish sb./sth. of sb./sth. else 使某人贫困；使某事不妙 * Impress sb. with sth. 使某人对某事印象深刻 * Impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人深深意识到某事物 * Join with sb. 彼此一起 * Joint efforts 共同的努力 * 用词要简洁 * Abscond with sth. 带贵重物潜逃 * Absence of mind 心不在焉 * Absent oneself from a place 缺席；没去 * Absolve sb. from (doing) sth. 获免……；免除某人（履行诺言；承受罪责等）* Badly off 穷困；不够；需要某物 * Bag and baggage 携随身财物（而去）* Bail sb. out 保释某人 * Call/bring sth. to a halt 停止…… * Call sth. to mind 记起 * Call sth. to order 要求安静进行某事 * a day dream 白日梦 * a day of reckoning 报应的日子 * Hammer sth. home 强调 * Hand back sth. 用手交还 * Hand down sth. to sb. （遗）传给…… * Impose sth. on sb./sth. else 强加给；征（税）；罚（款）* Improve on/upon sth. 改进 * Joking apart/aside 别再开玩笑 * Of moment 重要的 * Part company (with sb.) 分道扬镳；向不同方向去；结束；了结 * On the air 在广播中 * On balance 权衡轻重之后 * On the dole 接受福利金 * On an even keel 平稳的 * On the loose 不受拘束的 * On the make 热衷于追求名利 * On the mend 病情在好转 * On the move 在活动中 * On a par with ……和……平等 * On the quiet 秘密地 * On the rocks 遭受失败 * on the run 在逃跑中 * On a shoestring 小本经营地 * On the side 作为兼职 * On the sly 秘密地；偷偷地 * On the spot 当场；立即 * On tenterhooks 提心吊胆 * On the rack 极度焦虑不安 * On tap 随时可得到的 * On the cards 有可能实现的 * On edge 紧张；着急 * On call 待命 * Accommodate sb. with sth. 提供 * Accompany sth. with sth. else 随某物而来 * Accord with sth. 与某事物相配合 * According to 根据；按照；循序；视……而定 * Bar sb. from (doing) sth. 阻止某人做某事 * the bare bones 梗概 * Bare of sth. （指不该空着）空的 * Can/could do no wrong 绝对错不了 * Can ill afford (to do) sth. 负担不起 * Cancel sth. out 抵消 * be dead set against sb./ sth. 极力反对 * be accustomed/used to (doing) sth. 习惯于…… * Ache for sb./sth., ache to do sth. 渴望得到……；使人感伤 * Aches and pains 各种疼痛 * Achilles' heel 致命伤 * Base on/upon sth. 基于…… * Bask in sth. 取暖；受人赞美、恩惠等 * Bathed in/with sth. 沐浴在……；全湿 * Cannot make head or tail of sth./Can make neither head nor tail of sth. 不能理解…… * Can't be bothered 懒得……；嫌麻烦而不为 * Can't bear/stand the sight of sb./sth. 不忍看…… * Deal in sth. 买卖 * 怎样使句子多样化 *
Ｐ４：an acid test 决定性考验 * Acquaint sb./oneself with sth. 使某人认识某事物 * Acquiesce in sth. 同意某事；默许 * the be-all and end-all of sth. 某事的全部 * Be that as it may 即使如此 * Bear a grudge against sb./bear sb. a/no grudge 对某人怀恶意／无恶意 * Can't/Couldn't go wrong 错不了 * Can't hear oneself think 听不到自己在想什么（喻周遭太吵闹）* Can't help but do sth. 不得不 * Death is the great leveller“死亡”是伟大的平等主义者 * Death to sb./sth. 对……很不好／致命的 * Earn an honest penny 以正当手段赚钱 * Earn one's living 赚钱过生活 * Ears burn 耳朵发烧（指遭人说坏话而难堪）* Ease off/up (on sb./sth.) 减轻、缓和 * Facts and figures 精确的资料 * Fade away/out 散开；慢慢消失 * Faint heart never won fair lady 怯懦的人永远博不到美人欢心 * Gain access to a place 进入某处 * Gain/obtain currency 传开 * Handsome is as handsome does 行为美才是真美 * Handy for sth. 离……很近（非常方便）* In a daze 处于茫然状态 * In a dream 生活在梦幻中 * Jump for joy 高兴得直跳 * 肯定句与否定句词义的差别 * Across the board/across-the-board 全面；全部的 * Act as sb./sth. 代替 * Act as a brake on/upon/ to sb.'s activity 遏制 * Bear a/no resemblance to sb. 看起来像／不像…… * Bear no relation to sth. 与……无相似之处 * Bear out 支持；证实 * Capable of doing sth. 能够 * Capitalise on sth. 利用 * Decide / determine on / upon sb. / (doing) sth. 考虑后作出决定 * the decline and fall 衰亡 * Dedicate sth. to sb./(doing) sth. 献身于；献给…… * East or west, home is best 没有任何地方比家好 * Easy come, easy go 易得易失 * Easy in mind 安心的 * Easy in one's mind 放心的 * Faithful to sb. 忠于某人 * Fall apart 支离破碎 * Fall away 渐渐减少 * Fall back on sth. 依靠某事物 * Gall and wormwood 怨恨 * Galvanise sb. into (doing) sth. 激起某人行动起来 * Gamble on sth. 冒险行动或碰运气；孤注一掷做…… * a game at which two can play 你会我也会的一套 * In time for ……及时到……／做…… * On time 准时的 * Pressed for time 时间不足 * Buy time 争取时间 * For the time being 暂时地 * From time to time 偶尔 * In the nick of time 及时 * In no time 很快地 * Kill time 消磨时间 * Time and again 屡次 * Time alone will tell 时间可以证明一切 * Time's up 时间到了 * At the best of times 当情况最佳时 * At times 有时 * Behind the times 过时的 * Move/keep up with the times 赶上时代 * The time is ripe for ……的时机成熟了 * With time to spare 比预期时间早 * With time/Given time 假以时间 * For any length of time 短暂而已 * Act as a catalyst 促使变化 * Act for/on behalf of sb. 代……做某事 * Act high and mighty 行为高傲 * Act in bad faith 行为不诚实 * Bear sb. no ill will 对某人无恶意 * Bear the brunt of sth. 承受某事物正面的冲撞 * Bear up 在困境中不气馁 * Care about sth. 理会某事 * Care for sb./sth. 照顾；喜爱 * Care killed a cat 忧能伤身 * Careful/careless with/about sth. 小心；粗心 * Deep (down) 在心底 * Act on/upon sb./sth. 根据劝告或指示行事；对……发生作用 * Act out 表演；付诸行动 * Act out of duty 做份内事 * Bear with sb./sth. 容忍 * Bear witness to sth. 证明 * Beard the lion in his den 入狮穴捋狮须（喻公然走访某强人） * Carp/cavil at sb./sth. 挑剔；吹毛求疵 * be carried away 失去自制 * Carrot-and-stick 胡萝卜加大棒（喻软硬兼施） * Defeat one's purpose 达不到自己的目的 * Defer to sth. 遵从 * Deficient in sth. 缺乏 * 怎样突出句子中的重点 * Act up to sth. 根据原则等行事 * Actions speak louder than words 行动胜于语言 * Adapt oneself to sth. 适应于 * Beat a (hasty) retreat 仓皇撤退；匆匆走开 * Beat about the bush 拐弯抹角地说 * Beat down (a price) 降低某物价格 * Carry all / everything before sb. 完全成功 * Defraud sb. of sth. 从某人处骗取某物 * Defuse a situation 缓和危急局面 * Defy sb. to do sth. 激某人做不愿做的事 * Eat away sth. 腐蚀 * Eat, drink and be merry for tomorrow we die 生命无常应自我享受 * Eat humble pie 赔礼
Ｐ５：Fall foul of sth. 与某人／某事冲突 * Fall in/ into place 开始有头绪；开始明朗了 * Fall in love with sb. 爱上某人 * Gasp out sth. 喘着气说话 * the/a gateway/ pathway to sth. 达到……的途径 * Gather from sth. （从所做的或所说的事）理解 * Hang on sb.'s lips/ every word/ the words of sb. 注意听某人说话 * In a fit of ... 在一股……下；在一阵……下 * in/ like a flash 很快；立刻 * In a fog 迷惑 * Jumble up/ together 胡乱混在一起 * Jump on sb. 突击；不公平地批评某人 * up的用途 * Add fuel to the fire/ flames 火上加油 * Add insult to injury 伤害之外又加侮辱（使关系更差）* Add to sth. 加上 * Beat sb. at his own game 在某人拿手的方面胜过某人 * Beat the drum for sb./sth. 为某人／某事敲边鼓 * Beat up sb. 毒打某人 * Carry forward 把总数转记于另一页 * Carry on (with sth.) 继续 * Carry one's point 说服别人接受自己的观点 * Degenerate into sth. 衰退、恶化 * Degrade oneself 降低自己身份 * Delegate (power, rights) to sb. 把权利等委托给某人 * Eat into sth. 腐蚀；消耗 * 怎样使句子流畅易解 * (keep/hold) At bay 使……不能接近 * At bottom 实际上 * At close quarters 逼近地 * At cross purposes 互相误解 * At daggers drawn 势不两立 * At every turn 处处 * At one fell swoop 一举 * At issue 在讨论中的 * At large 一般的；逍遥法外的 * At length 详细地 * At loggerheads with... 经常和……争吵 * At a loss for words 不知说什么好 * At a low ebb 处于低潮 * At a price 付高代价 * At random 随意地 * At the ready 处在准备状态中 * At sea 茫然 * At a stretch 连续地 * At will 任意地 * At one's wits end 不知所措 * At heart 在内心里；本质上 * At sixes and sevens 乱七八糟 * In the black 盈利 * In the red 亏损；负债 * Black and blue 青一块紫一块 * The black sheep of the family 败家子 * In black and white 写出或印出 * Not so/ as black as one is painted 不如所形容的坏 * A bolt from the blue 睛天霹雳 * In a blue funk 惊恐万状 * Once in a blue moon 偶尔为之 * Disappear/Vanish into the blue 突然消失 * Give ... greenlight to ... 批准……做…… * Green with envy 非常妒忌 * Catch ... red-handed 当场被捕 * Roll out the red carpet 隆重欢迎 * Cut the red tape 取消繁文缛节 * See red 突然发怒 * Turn as white as a sheet 脸色变得很苍白 * A white lie 善意的谎言 * A white-collar worker 白领工人 * A grey area 含糊不清之处 * 挥之不去的错误 * 多词类的词 * 用词要准确 * 委婉的话语
Ｐ６：一字不同，意义有别 * 中英·英中误译实例 * Top dog 处支配地位者 * Go to the dogs 堕落；（经济）衰退 * Do the donkey work 呆板的例常工作 * A sitting duck 容易被打击的对象 * A cold fish 冷漠无情的人 * A fish out of water 如鱼离水；不适应 * Have other fish to fry 另有更重要的事要干 * There are plenty more fish in the sea 可供选择的人或事还很多 * Cannot say boo to a goose 羞怯 * A wild-goose chase 徒劳的搜索 * A guinea pig 被当实验的人或物 * Change horses in mid-stream 半途改变主张，或支持另一方 * The lion's share of... 最大最好的部分 * The rat race 激烈的竞争 * A snake in the grass 潜伏的敌人 * A chip off the old block 与父亲一模一样的儿子 * For old times' sake 为了缅怀过去 * An old fogey 思想狭窄的过时人* An old hand at... ……的老手 * Look like your old self 恢复原来的你 * Settle an old score 报旧仇 * Dead against... 极力反对…… * Cut...dead 完全不理睬…… * Dead ahead/in front (of) 就在前头 * Dead and buried 成为过去的 * A dead silence 沉寂无声 * Flog a dead horse 白费气力 * Make a dead set at... 猛烈攻击 * Reach a dead end 完全停止 * More dead than alive 身体情况非常疲弱 * A dead loss 完全无用的 * Dead wood 无用之人或物 * 句子的转换 * distrust, ascertain, howl, cherish, signal, subject, terminate, pervade, stir, release, stream, pave, scatter, endure, decay, sneak, resound, indulge, mingle, crumble, relish, dash, flutter, cling, prowl * Cynic 犬儒，bitterly/deeply cynical 非常乖僻的，To be cynical of sth. 对某事怀疑，不相信（含冷淡、讥嘲意）* remember/remind, ask/request, fairly/rather, ill/sick * damage, dream, demand, doubt, drop, drink, kick, defeat, end, escape, fear, fish, flood, dress, tip * Have a plum (marbles) in one's mouth 说话装腔作势，put one's finger in one's mouth and make an obscene noise 伸指入嘴作个放屁之声，表示揶揄的动作
Ｐ７：At long last 最后；终于 * Go a long way towards... 对……很有帮助 * In the long run 终于 * Too long drawn out 太冗长缓慢 * The long and the short of it 概括起来 * Before long 不久以后 * A short cut 捷径 * At short notice 临时通知 * Short with... 对……暴躁无礼 * Short of... 缺乏，除了……之外 * Cut...short 中止…… * Fall short of one's expectations 令人失望 * For short 缩写体 * Have a short temper 脾气暴躁 * In short 简言之 * In short supply 供应不足 * Nothing short of... 简直就是…… * Make short work of... 迅速处理…… * Give short shrift of... 对……漠不关心 * Pull... up short 使......中止正在做的事 * calm/quiet/still * quick/hasty * chase/follow * have high/ bright/ brilliant/ great promise 大有前途 * give promise of ... 有希望 * TO的两个功能 * blessing, awake, abundance, sorrow, knowledge, curse, appoint, delicate, robust, discord, harmony, spendthrift, miser, intoxicated, sober, scarcity, asleep, igorance, joy, dismiss * To allow/get (the) camel's nose into the tent 为达到最终目的做安排布置 * poke/stick/put/ thrust/shove one's nose into sth. 好管闲事 * Keep one's nose out of sth. 别管闲事（另见Ｐ１７） * 习作健身房 Why I prefer a city life * imbroglio, Overwhelmed, phobia, make-up, callous, circumnavigated, congested, invidious, alterations, conspicuous, vulnerable, resuscitation * have the need of... / to be in need of... 需要……，有……之必要 * handy person 手巧者 * aroused, advertisement, great, seized, weather, discover, quiet, recognise, power, diminishing, engine, revealed, bits, alone, adopting, protecting, deceived, occupy
Ｐ８：raise a toast to sb. 举杯祝酒 * toast master 举杯祝词者，司仪 * toast 名人，吐司/土斯/多士 * of the opinion/view that...= think/believe that... * of use = useful * just came back（美国用法）*simple/easy, hope/expect/wish, need/lack * Children and fools have merry lives. 像儿童一样自得其乐。* Every fool will be meddling. （常用）/ It is an honour for a man to keep aloof from a strife; but every fool will be quarrelling. 远离纷争，是人的尊荣，愚妄人都爱争闹。* Fools are wise after the event。事后诸葛亮 * Fools are (held) wise as long as (they are) silent. * icon 偶像 * be capped for 被选为……队员 * tee sb. up 准备，安排 * come across, die out, leave out, talk over, pick out, turn on, stand up, die down, wait on, run into, pull through, stand by, take up, go over, turn off * 效益良好的句法 * buck sb. up 鼓励某人，使之振奋 * flunk a test 考试不及格 * take sb. to the woodshed 惩罚 * Affect, Balance, Bank, Bar * domestic duck 雌鸭, drake 公鸭, duckling 小鸭, mallard 野鸭, Prate is prate; but it is the duck that lays the eggs. 空谈是空谈；但生蛋的总是鸭子。* ducky, duck 可爱（者）（英国用法），可笑的人（美国用法）* lame duck * 落选而任期未满之议员，不能履行财政债务之股票投机者 * A dead duck 命定失败的人或事物（美语）* Not till the ducks have eaten up the dirt. 不要像鸭子那样吃食
Ｐ９：buy the farm, buy it 阵亡 * （习作练习）Social Issues Reflected in“Oliver Twist”* 怎样分辨片语动词：Keep up with the Joneses 和左邻右舍比排场比阔气，Come in/Come on in 请进 * 黄色新闻：yellow-bellied/yellow 胆小，yellow journalism 煽情、夸大、失实的新闻报刊，Yellow-dog contract 黄犬合约 * sketch, trot, improvise, swagger, scoff esteem derive habituate succumb incapacitate furnish sprinkle, thrive, entreat, trample, impede, shrug convict, dissuade, cling, stray, straggle, prompt ostracise, devastate, remedy * 关于时间的问题/想当然：in + 时间, Worshiping Buddha is none other than a kind of spiritual sustenance. 拜神只是种精神寄托。* 手提电话：Wherever a doctor cannot do good, he must be kept from doing harm. * organised, phobia, ostricised, chronic, synthesized, mania, anarchic, guarantee, pragmatic, panacea, usurped, misdemeanour * walking in darkness 黑里行走 * 多种方法巧记习语：Beat the bushes 到处寻觅/四处搜查，beat around the bush 旁敲侧击
Ｐ１０：一词多义：air, arm, block * I have never let schooling interfere with my education. 不让学校教育干扰一生不断的自我教育。* 用句与段分辨动状词 * resume, consume, jeopardise, flaunt, explore, erroneous, discard, diminishing, deceptive, novel, instigate, demonstrate, perch, extol, evolution * family man/ house-husband/ New man 住家男人，新时代男人 * It is a poor family that has neither (a) whore nor (a) thief. * His hat covers his family. 未成家 * 最佳导演的剧本 * go/chase/follow after 追求 * cause, cost, crowd, curse , cure curvedate, call, cheer, cover, cry, combclimb, cut, delay * keep, pull, wear, draw, put on a poker face 拉长着脸 * have a face as long as a fiddle, His face is made of a fiddle. 板着脸 * horse face 马面 * a Friday face, Friday look 表情严肃而忧郁 * 分词与倒装句 * look up to/respect, look down/despise, put up with/tolerate, come out with/suggest, come along with/accompany, do away with/abolish, play up to/flatter, get down to/be serious about, look back on/remember, stand up for/support, keep up with/maintain, go back on/fail to keep, fall out/quarrel, talk back to/answer rudely, face up to/accept, look forward to/expect, fill in for/replace, go in/join, clear up/become fine, cheer sb. up/make happy, hold out/last, blow up/explode, cut down/reduce, figure out/calculate, hang around/remain idle, hand down/leave behind, let up/stop, think up/invent, play down one's role/make less important, cut in/interrupt
Ｐ１１：杀人无数的女作家 * 一饮而尽 * spacious, stationary, dazzling, adequate, predecessor, erected , surmount, prominent, agile, perception, assiduously, repeal, contempt * One who frequently goes too far by remaining too near. /The other woman in many a domestic triangle. * lay a duck's egg 一败涂地、彻底输了 * a couch potato 电视迷 * sightedness, prejudiced, congratulate, consecutive, yawn, conversion, extinguish, efficient, penetrate, prevent, related, acquaintance, error-prone, fragments, irritate * hypocrite 伪善者 * a/an utter/complete/sanctimonious hypocrite (about) * 在外国看西医的常用语：bring ... up/ throw up/ vomit/puke, shoot the cat 呕吐, take/run/have a (high) fever, feel feverish 发烧, have the runs 腹泻 * act, advance, answer * absent-mindedness
Ｐ１２：hit the road 启程，动身 * hit the books 啃书 * hit the sack 睡 * hit the spot 多指饮品食品令人满意，切合需要 * 习作健身房：Such a Strong Woman * have an (terrible) argument with sb.，和某人争论 * Behind every argument is someone's ignorance. * 当代文法七大句型 运用文法分析句子 * 形似义异的句子 * He that walks in darkness knows not whither he goes. 黑里行走的，不知道往何处去。* cock of the walk 山头大王，霸王 * walk the chalk 检查是否醉酒驾车，划白线走路 * have a crush on sb. 爱上某人 * have eyes for 喜欢，注意，对……感兴趣 * get a kick out of sb. 见到某人很开心 * 习作健身房：My Hometown - Sichuan * Say/Cry/Yell/Scream uncle! 叫声爷叔！投降！* 《趣趣小电影》的妙言隽语, be intimate with sb. 与……有亲密（性）关系
Ｐ１３：习作练习：How does the Internet Benefit Our life? * After clouds, calm weather./ After a storm comes a calm (weather)./After black clouds comes clear weather. 雨过天青 * All clouds bring no storms/rains. 世事发展未必定如预见。* Sorry与Excuse me的分别 * Excuse me?/Sorry?/Pardon me?/Run that by (me) again?/Come again? 请再说一遍 * 习作：My World in the Year 2020 * Be able to sleep on both ears. 能睡得好 * I don't sleep to all. 我并非对一切都闭目不视 * 访问诀窍：学会聆听 * 习作：Thanks, Mum * From head to toe 彻底 * Put one's heads together 集思广益 * Two heads are better than one * 英文日期表达/ 句译 * 习作：The Murderer
Ｐ１４：筷子刀叉 * 中式英语与地道英语 * 习作：A Swift Revenge * Diogenes cup 一握之水 * 用《星球大战》学一词多义：trailer 预告片 * abhor/abhorrence/abhorrent 憎恶 * abolish/abolition/abolishable 废除 * abort/abortion/abortive 堕胎，挫败 * apologise/apology/apologetic/apologetically 道歉 * Have rabbit's/long/big ears耳大招风 * flea in the ear 喻责骂、申斥 * catch fleas for sb. 讨好、拍马屁 * cauliflower ear 耳朵受伤 * repairing/repairs & await/wait for * culprit/seditious/download/shanghai/platonic/forgery/compress/devour/quixotic/nimbly/intrude/warily/brazen * as promised
Ｐ１５：in, on, at的区别 * 习作：My Feelings about Academic Writing * Necessity is the mother of invention. 需要乃发明之母 * Inventor of good things 良好事物的发明者 *Teacher of wit 智能的老师 * Mother of production 生产制造之母 * Hospitality is the virtue which induces us to feed and lodge certain persons who are not in need of food and lodging. 殷勤款待是劝人食宿招待不需食宿之辈的美德。* 轻易掌握文法五大句型 * 习作：My Parents' Influence on Me * The fool is most absurd when he is least foolish. /A fool is most absurd when he plays not the fool. 蠢人装聪明是最笨的事。* 股市中的dog（不好的股票）* 习作：Does the Best Exist? * Mickle head, little wit. 大而无用 * Make not mickle of little. 勿以小为大，以少为多。* Make a little make a mickle. 小做可以大成 * Talk much, err much. 言多必失 * moonlight 做兼职
Ｐ１６：习作：A Friend in Trouble * anagram/scrambled word 拆字/回文游戏 * 名作家评论美国总统的口才 * absorb 吸收/absorbent/absorbing/absorption, accommodate 容纳/accommodation/accommodating, antagonise 敌对/antagonism/antagonist/antagonistic, caprice 反复无常/capricious/capriciously/capriciousness * duck soup 喻轻易的工作 * Parson's/Pope's nose 家禽臀部 * I drink only with the duck 表示只喝水 * 记忆力也分长短期 * 习作：The Teacher I Would Like To Be * A silly little girl 黄毛丫头 * chew the fat 闲聊 * Rain check 改天吧 * 习作：A Positive Influence on My Life
Ｐ１７：hair grow through one's hood 喻其人之穷 * Shame is past the shed of your hair! 一个人作不知羞耻的言行 * 句型分析的重要性 * for one's own good 对某人有利 * in someone's good books 令某人喜欢 * do someone good 对某人有好处 * do someone a good turn 帮助某人 * give someone a good talking-to 强烈批评某人 * good riddance 大解脱 * have a good time 享受一番 * hold good 继续有效 * while the going is good 当情况尚好时 * make good 发奋图强 * as good as done/finished 几乎全部完成 * through someone's good offices 透过某人的鼎力襄助 * the good old days 过去的好时光 * bad blood 感情恶劣 * bad language 粗话 * in someone's bad books 令人讨厌 * come to a bad end 悲惨收场 * give someone a bad/hard time 虐待某人 * give something up as a bad job 停止做不可能的事 * go from bad to worse 越来越坏 * make the best of a bad job 在逆境中尽力而为 * in a bad way 情况不佳 * Whenever a doctor cannot do good, he must be kept from doing harm. 不可伤害 * 英文写得最好的首相 * 习作练习：There Are No Good Reasons Why Boys and Girls Should not be Treated Equally * Train up a child in the way he should go; and when he is old, he will not depart from it. 教养孩童 * 西方的迷信 * 习作练习：Practising Taekwondo * 清洁鼻子
Ｐ１８：诺贝尔和平奖得主的话 * 习作练习：Don't Throw Out the Baby with the Bath Water * Do not look a gift horse in the mouth. 不对人家送的礼物多加挑剔 * 《战斗勇将》经典对白 * 习作练习：A Serious Accident * 西餐礼仪：前倾后仰 * 解疑：Anything but/ to your attention * 习作练习：Boys and Girls Should Not Be Treated Equally * small beer 小小啤酒，指规模或者格局不大的事物。自以为了不起，不是小人物的人 * 有关of的用法
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Posted: 2007-08-16 20:27 |
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Let's Go Party!
美国人非常热衷于参加party。一有适当的机会，美国人就会聚在一起乐一下。因此与这些社交场合相关的俗语或习惯用语也特别丰富多彩。最常见的party有：Christmas party圣诞聚会，a birthday party生日庆祝会，a dinner party宴会，a gardenparty游园会，a welcoming party欢迎会，a housewarming party乔迁宴会等。然而，还有一些party，大家可能还不太了解。现把美国人常用的其他一些有关宴会或聚会的习惯用语介绍给大家。
stag party “雄鹿会”或“男子聚会”
stag一词的意思是“成年的公鹿”。因此，在这里指男性。stag party只限男子参加，女性一律谢绝。在stag party上，男士们主要是一起打扑克，看拳击赛或者足球赛。有时候，在新郎举行婚礼的前夜举行stag party，纪念他告别单身生活。
We're going to have a stag party this Saturday night.
这个星期六晚上，我们准备来一个男人的聚会。
hen party “女性聚会”
hen本来是“母鸡”的意思，在这里为俚语，指“女性”。hen party就是只有女人参加的社交性的聚会。典型的女人聚会是摆上咖啡和茶点，大家闲聊，但并不以此为限。
I'll be home tonight to take care of the kids because Mary has a hen party with the women she went to college with. Friday it's my turn; I'm going to a stag party to play poker.
我今晚得在家照顾孩子，因为Mary要去参加以前大学女同学的聚会。本周五就轮到我去男子聚会打扑克。
tailgate party “车尾野餐会”，又叫“球迷的场外野餐会”
stag party和hen party是男女有别的聚会，tailgate party却不分男女老幼。tailgate原是一种箱形轿车尾部的车门，它可以翻下来当桌子用。一些球迷在比赛开始前几小时把三明治、热狗或者烧烤肉类放在这张临时桌子上举行野餐。这就是tailgate party“车尾野餐会”的来历。
We had a great tailgate party before the Washington Red Socks played the New York Yankee.
观看华盛顿红袜队和纽约扬基队的比赛前，我们举行了一个很精彩的车尾野餐会。
bachelor party“告别独身晚会”
男性友人为即将成为新郎的人举行的晚会，通常是在结婚典礼的前夜，大家聚集在一起，通宵狂欢作乐。bachelor party是主人公独身（bachelor）时代终结的纪念会。
The groom was late for the wedding because he drank too much at the bachelor party his friends gave for him.
由于在朋友们为他举行的告别独身晚会中喝得太多，新郎在婚礼上迟到了。
baby shower “送礼会”
shower原意是“阵雨”的意思，在这里指baby得到大批礼物，或许是因为礼物多得像大雨中的雨点。当一个妇女怀了baby后，她的亲朋好友会聚在一起，送baby很多衣服、玩具等礼物。
The baby shower will be held for Amy tomorrow.
明天将给Amy举行一个送礼会。
除了以上几个欢乐聚会的习惯用语外，还有几种较为特殊的与party有关的习惯用语。
crash a party “没有请柬闯入晚会”
在美国，凡是著名人士举行的大型社交晚会，总会有一些人crash the party“没有招待券而进入社交晚会”。这是司空见惯的事，不足为奇。
Tom claims it's easy to crash any party if you're dressed properly and look like you know what you're doing.
汤姆声称只要衣冠楚楚，大模大样，任何社交晚会都可以混进去。
no-host party “费用分摊的社交聚会”
no-host是“没有主人”的意思。这种聚会由参加的人分摊费用，形式上有主办者，但没有担负全部费用的主人（host）。大家可分摊现金，也可各自带食品和饮料。
No-host parties have become very popular recently.
最近非常流行费用分摊的聚会。
Lisa's class is going to have a no-host party tomorrow.
丽莎的班上明天举行费用由各人分摊的聚会。
lynching party 或necktie party “由群众处的绞刑”
这里的necktie是“绞索”的意思。这种私刑是由某一群人执行，所以称为party（聚会）。这是一种讽刺性的表达方式，意思是“绞人的社交聚会”。由于在美国西部电影的对话中经常出现，所以流传甚广。
When we catch that guy, we're going to have a necktie party.
我们抓到那个家伙的时候，大家要对他处以绞刑。
****************
售货员以英文招呼 你该如何回答？
Can I Help You? How should you answer?
Dr医：
我上街购物时，遇到售货员以英文招呼，我不知如何回应，觉得很尴尬。请问我该如何回答？
—读者许太太
许太太：
当你走进一间商店，售货员招呼你时说：“Can I help you?”，意思是“我有什么可以帮你吗？”。
你可以参考以下的答案回答对方：
①你需要协助时，可以回答：“Yes, please. ”（好的，麻烦你）。
②如果你在买衣服或鞋子，需要对方替你拿小一点或大一点的尺寸，你可以说：“Yes, please. I’d like something smaller (or bigger)”（好的，麻烦你了。我需要小一点（或大一点）的。）
③如果你不需要对方的协助，可以回答：“No, thanks. I’m just looking.”（不，谢谢你。我只是看看。）
在这里，我也提出一个许多人常犯的错误。
当朋友问你：“What are you doing today?”（你今天要做什么？），许多人会回答：“I’m going to shopping”。
其实，这是错误的说法，正确的说法应该是：“I’m going shopping.”
只有当你明确说出地点，指明要去什么地点购物时，你才能说：“I’m going to Takashimaya.”（我要去Takashimaya），或“I’m going to Chinatown.”（我要去牛车水）。
—Dr医答
[ 此贴被seclusive在2007-11-10 16:35重新编辑 ]
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皈依佛法僧
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生病的症状(Symptom)
(2003-04-15)
向他人表示自己身体不适或生病时，可说： I don’t feel well today.（我今天觉得不舒服） I feel terrible.（我感觉很难受）
向生病的人关心问好，可说： Are you all right?（你还好吗？） What’s the matter?（你觉得怎样？）
进一步描述病情，可说： I’ve (I have)got a bad cold.（我得了重感冒） I’ve a splitting headache and my body aches all over.（我的头痛得很厉害，全身酸痛。） I’ve been in bed with flu (influenza) for three days.（我得了流行性感冒，已卧病在床三天了。）
以下是一些常见的病痛，可用“I’ve got...” 表示“我有…”： I’ve got a
cold 感冒
sore throat 喉咙痛
cough 咳嗽
headache 头痛
temperature 发烧（或可说“I have fever”)
I’ve got a flu 流行性感冒
toothache 牙痛
backache 背痛
earache 耳朵痛
tomachache 胃痛
（上述情况不需加“a”在症状前面）
给病人提建议，可说： I think you should go home and take a rest.（我觉得你应该回家休息。）
Why don’t you see a doctor?（你为什么不去看医生？）
You should take some medicine and drink plenty of water.（你应该吃药并多喝水）
注意：吃药是“take”medicine不是 “eat”medicine.
对话练习
A: Are you all right?
B: No, I feel terrible! I’ve got a very bad headache! I’ve got a temperature and my body aches all over.
A: Oh, that’s awful.
B: And sometimes I have problem breathing and......
A: Sounds like you have the symptoms（症状）of SARS. I think you should see a doctor immediately（立即）.
B: SARS？
A: I think I should visit my doctor, too.
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Posted: 2007-10-15 20:57 |
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习语集锦
陈清霖博士，国大英语教学中心高级教研员。毕业于前南洋大学现代语言文学系，并考获英国伦敦大学校外荣誉学士学位、美国印第安纳大学语言学硕士学位、国立大学中／英翻译博士。著作丰富。
1. Deadbeat: exhausted 精疲力尽的
Examples:
(a) After the day's hard work, all looked deadbeat.
(b) The long-distance runners were deadbeat as they reached their destination.
2. Dead end, a:
(i) a path or road which has no exit on the other side 没出口的路
Example: Don't drive into that place; it is a dead end.
(ii) the stage in one's work that can make no further progress.不能再进展的阶段
Example: The aircrash investigation has reached a dead end; there is nothing new in the report.
3. Dead-end job, a: a job with no prospects 无晋升希望的工作
Example: Such a job is badly paid and has no good prospects. It is a dead-end job, also known as a blind-alley job.
4. Hand something out to someone:
give something by hand to someone 把……交给……
Examples:
(a) Some boys are handing out leaflets to passers-by.
(b) Before the lecture, the lecturer handed out lecture notes to his students.
5. Hand over someone/ something to someone: give a person or send a thing to someone 引渡某人；移交某事
Examples:
(a) The shopkeeper handed the petty thief over to the police.
(b) The old man decided to hand over his business to other family members.
6. Hand something on (to someone):
pass something, especially information(to someone) 把消息等转达给某人
Examples:
(a) I have some good news to hand on. Don't you want to hear?
(b) Could you please hand this message on to all the staff concerned?
7. In a big way: on a large scale. 大规模的
Example:
They plan to organise a concert in a big way.
8. In a bind/jam: in difficulty or trouble.陷入困境
Examples:
(a) After accepting two job offers from two companies, Joseph was in a bind.
(b) Whenever his research was in a jam, he went to his supervisor for help.
9. Judging from/by something:
if one can see something as an indication; considering something 从某事判断
Examples:
(a) Judging from the bright sky, there won't be any rain today.
(b) Judging by their dirty clothes, they must just be back from work.
10. Judge someone/ something by appearances: base the judgement of someone / something on outside looks以貌取人，从外表看事情
Examples:
(a) Don't judge people by appearances, but by their actual performance.
(b) It is safer to judge a thing by its quality, not by appearances.
11. Of necessity: logically and necessarily 逻辑上必要地
Example : University courses must, of necessity, be practical and useful.
[ 此贴被seclusive在2007-11-22 08:54重新编辑 ]
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Posted: 2007-10-29 14:31 |
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习语集锦
1. Above/over one's head: too difficult for someone to understand. 难以理解
Example: What John had said was well above my head; he should have made his speech simpler and clearer.
2. Above oneself: self-satisfied; conceited.
得意忘形；自高自大
Example: Peter was above himself after he was promoted to a higher position.
3. Above/below par: at a price higher/lower than the original value. （价格）在票面价值或标准以上／以下
Examples: (1) Most of the good shares are expensive and above par now.
(2) When the market is bad, it is possible to purchase the stock at a price below par.
4. Back-seat driver, a/the:
(i) the bossy person in a car who always tells the driver what to do. 对司机胡乱指点的乘客
Example: Most of us disliked the back-seat driver who was too arrogant.
(ii) a person who repeatedly gives advice without being asked for it. 自动乱给劝告的人
Example: Let the officer-in-charge handle the matter; don't be nosey like a back-seat driver.
5. Backstairs influence/talk: secret or indirect influence/talk. 秘密或间接的影响或谈话
Examples: (1) I think his wife has backstairs influence on his decisions.
(2) It is discourteous to have this type of backstairs talk about the new manager.
6. Bad blood between one person and another: ill-feeling between two persons. 仇恨；厌恶
Example: The unfair distribution of the father's assets caused the bad blood between the two siblings.
7. Calculate on/upon (doing)something:depend on (doing)something. 指望；依靠
Examples: (1) We calculate on making an early start in this matter.
(2) Don't calculate upon the weather being fine for tomorrow's basketball match.
8. Call a spade a spade: say exactly what you mean. 直言不讳
Example: I am a frank person often calling a spade a spade. Hope you don't mind.
9. Cocoon someone from/against something: keep someone in a protective covering. 盖在保护层里
Example: It may not be a good thing to cocoon one's child from the realities of a cruel life.
10. Dark horse, a: a person of unknown abilities and may spring a surprise. 黑马（有本事而深藏不露的人）
Example: No one expected him to run very fast, but he proved to be a dark horse this time and won the race.
11. Dash off: (i) write hurriedly. 匆匆地写
Example: Dan dashed off a letter to his friend while waiting for the plane at the airport.
(ii) leave or move away in a hurry. 猛冲
Example: It is late now; I must dash off to the bus stop before the last bus leaves.
12. Half the battle: a large part of the work. 至关重要的一部分（工作）
Example: To know your faults and decide to correct them can be half the battle of self-improvement.
13. Hallmark of something, a: a typical feature of something. 某事的特征
Example: Conciseness in wording is a hallmark of good writing.
14. Hammer away at something: keep working on something. 努力做某事
Example: No matter how, we have to hammer away at the problem until we get it solved.
15. Ideal for: very suitable for. 理想的；最合适的
Example: Good picture dictionaries are ideal for preschool children.
16. Identical to something: exactly alike. 与某事相同
Example: On the phone, your voice is almost identical to your elder sister's.
17. Import something to someone/something: give something, usually a quality, to someone/something. 传达
Example: The pepper and the herbal spice have imported a special flavour to the soup.
18. Join hands (with someone):
(i) hold someone's hands, e.g. while dancing. 携手
Example: Boys and girls joined hands and danced for 10 minutes.
(ii) unite with someone. 联合
Example: The government has to join hands with the people to combat all forms of social injustice.
19. Join in something: take part in something. 参与某事
Example: In the get-together last night, all of us joined in the sing-song.
20. Of two evils choose the lesser: pick the evil that is less serious or harmful. 两害取其小和轻的
Example:
X: Do you want to walk to the shop which is not very far away or ask Su, who has just got her driving licence to give you a lift?
Y: I choose to walk. Of two evils choose the lesser.
21. Patch up: (i) mend something quickly. 迅速修补
Example: The worker patched up the roof with pieces of tiles and water-proof plastic.
(ii) Settle a quarrel, etc. 解决纷争
Examples: (1) The two friends soon patched up their disagreement.
(2) It is time we patch up our quarrel with our neighbours.
22. Pave the way for something: make it easy or possible for something to happen. 为……铺路
Examples: (1) The peace treaty paves the way for lasting co-existence between the two countries concerned.
(2) People's desire for freedom paved the way for a nation's struggle for independence and actual sovereignty.
[ 此贴被seclusive在2007-11-01 22:40重新编辑 ]
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皈依佛法僧
戒定慧
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Posted: 2007-11-01 16:53 |
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有「头」的惯用语
“头”是身体上主要的器官，高高在上，因此与“头”有关的惯用语，虽然不是很多，但不能不懂。
(1) Above one's head: 不能理解“Can you simplify the technicalities of laser printing which are still above my head?
(2) Go off one's head: 发疯“If you expect all your staff to work overtime during a festive season, you must be off your head.”
(3) Come to a head: 达到摊牌阶段“The couple cannot get along well. If things come to a head, they may be forced to get divorced.
(4) From head to toe: 从头到脚“Mike must have played in the rain, as he was covered with mud from head to toe.
(5) Have a head for figures: 数学好“I don't think I can help you with the accounts; I have never had a head for figures.”
(6) Have a head start: 起步比人快“As a bilingual, Jason has a head start on other competitors.”
(7) Have one's head in the clouds 与实际情况脱节“Although Susan is idealistic at times, she has not got her head in the clouds.
(8)Have one's head screwed on the right way 必须理智和清醒“Since he has his head screwed on the right way, he is likely to succeed in the new business.”
(9)Head over heels: 完全地；彻底地 Bob came across Lily on an overseas trip and fell head over heels in love with her.
(10) Keep a cool head:保持冷静“No matter what you do, it won't be wrong for you to keep a cool head.”
(11) Keep one's head above water 避免负债.“In any business, if you can keep your head above water in the first one to two years, you will make money afterwards.”
(12) Lose one's head 失去控制“Seeing his friend falling into the river, Irene lost her head and shouted for help.”
(13) Make no head or tail of.....: 对……不知所云“The speaker talked so fast that many could make no head or tail of his lecture.”
(14) Put...into someone's head: 向……提供意见 “Nancy has been thinking of working in an underdeveloped foreign country. I don't know who has put such an odd idea into her head.”
(15) Use One's head: 动动脑筋:“Don't keep asking people to help solve problems for you! Use your head, please!”
(16) Put our/ your /their heads together: 大家一起商量“In the face of such a problem, let us put our heads together to find a good way out.”
(17)Head and shoulders above...: 胜过……“This book by Jason is head and shoulders above many other books on the same subject.”
(18)Hit the nail on the head: 做得恰到好处；说得对极了“The other day, you said that there would be an increase in social issues; you really hit the nail on the head!”
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皈依佛法僧
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Posted: 2007-11-02 12:38 |
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词语的搭配
不管是从句法或修辞角度看，词语的搭配，都占有重要位置，不可不察。
一般来说，下列这些场合中的词语要配合好，句子的结构才会和谐，词语才会相称：
① 主语—动词
② 动词—宾语
③ 修饰语—词类
④ 形容词—名词
⑤ 副词—动词
⑥ 形容词分句—先行词
词语的搭配，对学习中英文的人来说尤其重要，因为中英文在词语的搭配上有同有异。例如英语同一个动词“wear”，可以和不同的名词宾语搭配，如：WEAR+shoes/ clothes/ spectacles等。中文就不行；中文的“穿”只能和“衣鞋”连用，“眼镜”就要改为“戴”了。
再举“cut”为例。英语里可以说“CUT+ grass/ finger-nails/ a tooth/ prices/ a stone figure/ a record”。在中文里“cut”（割）只能和“草”连用；其他的名词宾语，就需要别的动词，如：剪指甲、出/长牙齿、减价、雕刻石像、灌录唱片。
同样道理，中文里同一个动词，英语里却需要不同动词，如：
“风萧萧、雨萧萧、马萧萧、树萧萧”——the wind whistled, the rain pattered, the horse neighed, the tree murmured.
在英语的错误中，词语的搭配不是严重的一类，但也时有出现。例如①a里的动词“harmed”和主语“houses”不合；②a里的宾语“knowledge”及“experience”和动词“exercise”格格不入；③a里的修饰语“upset”和被修饰的名词“eyes”很不相称。把它们改为①b、②b和③b之后，词语间的搭配就很顺畅了：
①a. Many houses in the low-lying area were harmed by the floods.
b. Many houses in the low-lying area were damaged by the floods.
②a. This will give you an opportunity to exercise your knowledge and experience.
b. This will give you an opportunity to use/ make use of your knowledge and experience.
③a. Upset by the thick smoke, Susan's eyes were filled with tears.
b. Irritated by the thick smoke, Susan's eyes were filled with tears.
现在请看看下列各句，其中都有个不相称的词语，改正后，才顺口：
④ The authorities preferred to educate dog owners rather than jeopardise them for every little transgression. (penalise/punish)
⑤ Anyone charged with skyrocketing a political regime will be severely dealt with. (dismantling/disintegrating)
⑥ Weapons easily become slipshod and the need to acquire new arms can be very ruinous to national coffers. (obsolete/outmoded)
⑦ Good health is especically vital to old people who are prone to anticipatory diseases. (degenerative)
⑧ Some people are sanguine about the situation and think that the scandal would soon blow over without severe misery of the present political system. (dislocation/dysfunction)
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皈依佛法僧
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Posted: 2007-11-02 12:53 |
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动名词与带ing的名词
动名词就是带“-ing”的动词，具名词功能。有些动名词，用得久了，渐渐失去动词的作用，而转化为完整的名词。例如：
1. That painting is very impressive.
2. Are you working in that building.
1. 里的“painting”和2. 里的“building”都是完整的名词；“painting”约等于“picture”、“building”和“mansion”相似。
此外，有些转化名词具有动名词没有的特性。第一、有单复数；第二、有修饰语，如beautiful painting、big buildings。
动名词还保存着动词某些特色，转化为完整的名词之后，动名词的性质和名词相同。
动名词有哪些动词特色呢？
首先，可以有宾语，如：
3. Reading novels is a real joy.
4. Collecting stamps becomes a fashion.
5. We cannot help admiring such a kind-hearted person.
6. Not many people like giving public lectures.
“Novels, stamps, such a kind-hearted person, public lectures”各有自己的动名词“reading, collecting, admiring, giving”。如果动名词没有动词的功能，怎能有上述宾语呢？带“-ing”的名词就没有这种语法功能。
其次，动名词可以和动词修饰语连用， 而且还可有被动语态。带“-ing”的名词，就不可能如此。
例如：
7. Reading silently is eveyone's habit.
8. Some pupils were warned against talking loudly.
9. Jason would not mind working with female colleagues.
10. Being selected Chairman of the party made him feel proud.
11. Tony does not like being laughed at.
7－9里的动词修饰语都在修饰前头的动名词；10－11里的动名词都是被动语态。
最后，动名词在多个动词句型中出现，如下列的“go, come, get, set”等动词就常和动名词连用：
12. Noelle and her friends go swimming every week.
13. When do they usually go shopping?
14. Would you come skiing with the kids?
15. Isn't it time to get the plan going?
16. What sets them quarrelling from time to time?
此外，下列这些动词也常和动名词组成动词句型：
17. The boy admitted stealing the book.
18. Don't forget handing in your homework in due course.
19. Would you mind taking me to the bus stop?
20. Jason cannot bear being cruel to the weak.
21. Nancy said that she regretted doing such a thing.
22. You must continue trying until you succeed.
23. Many young people enjoy watching sports and games.
24. Can't you avoid walking on my garden?
25. We all hate cheating, don't we?
综上所述，动名词和带“-ing”的名词虽然形式相同，但是特色有异，语法功能也跟着有所不同了。
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皈依佛法僧
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Posted: 2007-11-02 13:01 |
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习语集锦
1. Delusions of grandeur: the belief that one is important or powerful. 自以为重要或有权势的幻念
Example: 1. Arrogant Tony seemed to have suffered from delusions of grandeur.
2. Deluged with something: filled or covered with something. 充满
Examples: 1. The speaker was deluged with questions from the audience.
2. Jim's company was deluged with orders for its new products.
3. Educated guess: a guess based on knowledge or past experience. 凭知识或经验的猜测
Example: I don't know the exact price of a big car from Italy, but at an educated guess, I would say it should be more expensive than a Japanese car.
4. Egg someone on (to do something): encourage someone strongly, especially to do something wrong. 怂恿
Examples: 1. He wouldn't have thrown the stone if his friends hadn't egged him on.
2. She egged her husband on to quit the job and start his own business.
5. Either way/in either case: in one case or the other. 任何一种情况
Example: One can get there by air or by sea, but either way, it is a long journey.
6. Eke out something: cause a small supply to last longer by adding something else with special reference to one's income. 补足
Example: A person with big expenses may be forced to eke out his income by doing some extra work.
7. Fall into disuse: in a state of no longer being used. 废而不用
Example: The small airport could not cope with the increasing demands and gradually fell into disuse.
8. Fall into oblivion: become forgotten. 遗忘
Example: No matter how wonderful a person is, after his death, his name will quickly fall into oblivion.
9. Fall off: become smaller in number or amount. 数量减少
Example: The demand for new cars has suddenly fallen off.
10. Fall through: (of plans, etc.) fail. 失败
Example: For some reasons, their plan to visit Europe fell through.
11. Fan out: spread out in the shape of a fan. 散开
Example: The crowd fanned out across the green field.
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皈依佛法僧
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[9 楼]
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Posted: 2007-11-03 10:25 |
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