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VOA慢速英语翻译-May 28, 2007-Are the World's Institution Lenders Ready ..
The African Development Bank held its yearly meeting in Shanghai, China earlier this month. The bank's chief economist announced the economic growth rate in Africa is expected to reach six percent this year. This is the highest in twenty years. Foreign demand for natural resources, especially oil, has helped create the growth.
非洲发展银行于本月初在中国上海召开例行年会。银行首席经济学家宣布，本年度非洲年经济增长率有望达到6%。这是20年来经济增长的最高点。国外对自然资源尤其是石油的需求，推动形成此次增长。
Dennis de Tray is vice president of the Center for Global Development in Washington, D.C. He says that six percent economic growth in Africa is good. But he says long-term development on the continent will be a problem for generations.
华盛顿特区全球开发副总裁Dennis de Tray说，在非洲，经济增长率能达到6%是好事。但他也表示，非洲大陆的世代长远发展将是个难题。
Mister de Tray led a working group last year that provided independent advice to the bank's shareholders and its president, Donald Kaberuka. The Rwandan economist took over leadership of the African bank in two thousand five. Ten years earlier, the economic security of the African Development Bank had been in question. It was almost out of money.
de Tray先生去年领导的工作小组为股东和银行行长Donald Kaberuka提供自主建议。这位卢旺达的经济学家在2005年接管非洲银行。10年前，非洲发展银行的经济安全受到质疑，一度几乎资金缺乏。
Mister de Tray says needed reforms at the African bank are different from reforms announced at a meeting of the Asian Development Bank. That bank met earlier this month in Kyoto, Japan. Mister de Tray believes the Asian Development Bank is facing an identity crisis. The countries receiving the most money are becoming established nations with rich resources.
de Tray先生说非洲银行的改革很有必要，所采取的改革方式不同于在亚洲发展银行会议上宣布的改革方式。亚洲发展银行于本月初在日本京都召开会议。de Tray先生认为亚洲发展银行正面临认同危机。拥有丰富资源的国家却得到了最多的资金资助。As a result, loans from the Asian Development Bank are unnecessary. Yet, Mister de Tray says there is a small group of countries in Asia still developing, including Laos and Cambodia. These countries will continue to need assistance from the Asian Development Bank.
结果，亚洲开发银行提供的贷款是多余的。然而de Tray说包括老挝和柬埔寨在内的一些亚洲的发展中国家，仍需要得到亚洲发展银行的援助。
He says the African Development Bank is in the middle of a continent that will need development aid for years to come. Some countries have gained success. But many others are still trying to create continued development that does not harm the environment. The African Development Bank is doing a better job serving its member
countries, Mister De Tray says. But, he believes the bank still has a long way to go to reach a level of success.
de Tray表示非洲发展银行成为未来几年需要得到开发援助的非洲大陆的中流砥柱。一些国家已经取得成功，其他一些国家仍在创建对环境无害的持续发展模式。De Tray先生说，非洲发展银行正更好的为其成员国服务，但他认为距离成功还有一段很长的路要走。
Mister De Tray thinks that reforms needed within all of the world's international banks are related. And, over the next year, he predicts a debate about how the system works.
De Tray先生认为所有全世界范围内的国际性银行需要的改革措施是有联系的。
他预测明年会有一个关于银行体系如何运转的争论。
[ 此贴被voa2008在2007-06-25 11:55重新编辑 ]
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【分享】VOA慢速英语【中文翻译】
VOA慢速英语翻译 - June 11,2007 -‘Two Facesof Asia'Test Future ---
The Asian Development Bank was created in 1966, 2 years after the African Development Bank. Today both of them are talking about needed reforms to better serve their member countries. Last month we looked at the issues in Africa where there is still widespread need for development aid.
亚洲发展银行成立于1966年，比非洲发展银行晚两年。目前，这两家银行都在探讨所需的改革事宜，以便更好的为其成员国服务。上个月我们看到，非洲对开发援助有广泛的需求。
The situation is different for the Asia-Pacific area. The Asian Development Bank was created to raise money from rich industrial nations for loans to support economic growth. Now there are surpluses in Asia, and less and less need for those loans.
亚太地区的情况就不一样了。亚洲发展银行的成立是为从富有的工业国筹集贷款来扶持经济增长。现在亚洲（的资金）有盈余，对那些贷款的需求越来越少。
Rajat Nag is managing director general of the bank; we called him in Manila. He says the bank is debating how to deal with the two faces of Asia. Economic growth in many countries has been great -- ten percent a year in China, for example. The bank's members have about 2 trillion dollars in savings that could be invested. Yet more than 600 million people in Asia are still without clean water.
Rajat Nag是亚洲发展银行的常务董事。we called him in Manila.他说现在银行正在争论如何处理亚洲经济的两面性。许多国家经济发展迅速，例如，中国年经济增长率达到10%。银行成员国可用于投资的存款大约有二万亿美元。然而在亚洲仍有超过6亿人缺乏洁净用水。
And Rajat Nag says by the year twenty-twenty, almost two billion Asians will still be living on less than two dollars a day. The bank will continue to be supportive for those countries, he says.
Rajat Nag还表示，到2020年近20亿亚洲人的每天的生活费将仍少于2美元，（亚洲发展）银行也将继续对这些国家予以援助。
Many of the reforms that the bank is considering come from a report released in late March by an independent committee. Bank President Haruhiko Kuroda asked for a study looking ahead to two thousand twenty.
银行正在的考虑的改革事宜很多都是来自一个独立委员会在上月末发布的一篇报道.亚洲发展银行行长Haruhiko要求(独立委员会)做出一份面向2020年的研究报告。
Supachai Panitchpakdi, head of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, chaired the committee. He discussed the report during the bank's board of governors meeting last month in Kyoto, Japan.He urged the bank to change with Asia's economic rise but to continue its poverty reduction efforts in poor countries.
联合国贸易与开发会议负责人Supachai Panitchpakdi任委员会主席。他详述了上个月在日本东京召开的银行董事会的报告.他主张银行要随亚洲经济的增长而做出改变，但是还要继续在贫困国家所做的减少贫困的努力。
Rajat Nag predicts that reforms will help connect local borrowers with local lenders. Like other international lenders, the Asian Development Bank may also become more of a knowledge bank for technical aid. Mister Nag says the bank will be a partner and not a competitor of other development banks.
Rajat Nag预言改革将有助于在当地的借贷双方建立联系。像国际上其他贷款方一样，亚洲发展银行更大程度上也会成为一个提供技术援助的知识银行。Nag先生表示亚洲发展银行将成为其他发展银行的合作伙伴，而不是竞争对手。
[ 此贴被voa2008在2007-06-24 20:09重新编辑 ]
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VOA慢速英语翻译-June05,2007-Improving Soil, and Saving Money, in Eastern Uganda
Sorghum farmers in eastern Uganda, working with scientists, have tested some lower-cost ways to improve their soil. Little rain and poor soil fertility are problems in that area, as in other parts of southern Africa. Experts from the Kawanda Research Institute in Uganda and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in the United States did the research.
乌干达东部种植高梁的农民与科学家合作，试验用一些低成本方法改善土壤状况。乌干达东部地区同非洲南部其他地区一样，存在着少雨和土地贫瘠的问题。来自乌干达卡万达研究学院和美国内布拉斯加州-林肯大学的专家们共同参与了此次研究。
They say much of the soil lacks enough phosphorus and nitrogen. But for many small farmers, the cost of treating the soil is more than they earn from their crops. So the researchers suggest 5 methods that could decrease costs and increase production of sorghum. Sorghum is an important food grown in southern Africa.
他们说当地的大部分土壤缺乏足够的磷和氮。但是对许多小农来说，改善土壤的成本超过了他们种植庄稼的所得。因此研究人员提出了5种办法，这些方法可以在降低成本的同时提高高梁产量。在非洲南部地区，高梁是一种重要的粮食作物。
The methods involve soil fertility management as well as reduced tillage. Tilling is breaking up and turning the soil to prepare the ground for planting.
这些方法包括管理土壤肥力和减少耕作。耕作就是将土壤松碎并翻转，为种植做好准备。
They say one way to renew the soil is to use a plant called mucuna. Mucuna is a herbaceous vegetable. Its seeds can be planted during the short rainy season. Then the land is free to be planted with sorghum during the best growing season.
研究人员认为恢复土壤肥力的一种办法就是种植一种叫常春油麻藤的植物。常春油麻藤为草本植物，可在少雨季节进行播种。等到农作物生长最好的季节，就可以在这块地里随意的种植高粱了。
Mucuna takes nitrogen from the air and places it in the soil, enriching it. Professor Charles Wortmann, one of the Nebraska researchers, notes that the plants also reseed themselves. Another method that the scientists suggest is to plant sorghum during one growing season, followed by cowpea the next.
常春油麻藤从空气中获取氮，输送到土壤里使土壤变得肥沃。内布拉斯加研究人员之一,查尔斯·沃特曼教授，指出这种植物还能自花受精。科学家提出的另一个方法是在一个生长季节种植高梁，在下一生长季节种植豇豆。
Two other low-input ways to improve the soil involve using manure or nitrogen and phosphorus as fertilizer. And the fifth way that the study found may improve sorghum production is to reduce crop tillage.
还有两种低成本的方法可以改善土壤，包括施用粪肥或者氮肥、磷肥。研究发现的第五种方法是通过减少农作物耕种来增加高粱的产量。
The researchers say the best methods for farmers depend on their individual needs and their resources. For example, using animal waste may be best for farms that have the animals to supply it. But on farms that cannot get fertilizer, the best solution may be the method of rotating sorghum with cowpea.
研究者们表示，对农民来说最好的方法要取决于他们自身的需要和他们的资源。例如，用动物粪便做为肥料对饲养动物的农民来说就是最好的方法。但是如果没有肥料为农田施肥，最好的方法可能就是轮流种植高粱和豇豆。
The researchers tested 142 farms across three areas of eastern Uganda. The study took place from 2003 to 2005. The findings have just appeared in Agronomy Journal. Professor Wortmann and other scientists are continuing their research.
研究者们在乌干达东部对142块农田进行了试验。研究从2003年持续到2005年。研究得出的结果已经刊登在《农学杂志》上。Wortmann 教授和其他科学家还在继续他们的研究。
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VOA慢速英语翻译-June 04,2007-Zoellick,Nominee to Lead World Bank
Robert Zoellick is President Bush's choice to head the World Bank. He is 53 years old and currently a vice chairman at Goldman Sachs, the New York investment bank.
美国总统布什提名（注：不是担任，只是提名。担任行长须经世行最高权力机构24人董事会的批准）佐利克为世界银行行长。佐利克现年53岁，目前任纽约投资银行旗下高盛集团副主席一职。
He has held a number of government positions over the years. From 2001 to 2005, he served as the United States trade representative. He helped launched the Doha Round of world trade talks which were suspended last July. He also worked on free trade agreements with Singapore, Chile, Australia and Morocco.
过去数年，他曾担任过多个政府职位。从2001年到2005年，他作为美国贸易代表，协助发起了世贸组织的多哈会谈，该会谈于去年7月暂停。他还参与了制定同新加坡、智利、澳大利亚和摩洛哥的自由贸易协议的工作。
In 2005, President Bush asked Mr. Zoellick to become deputy secretary of state, there he helped negotiate a peace agreement between the government of Sudan and the rivals in Darfur. That agreement later collapsed. He resigned in June of last year to join Goldman Sachs.
2005年, 佐利克应总统布什之邀，出任美国副国务卿。在职期间，他协助苏丹政府和与其对抗的达尔富尔反政府组织协商签订了和平协议。此协议后来以失败告终。 佐利克在去年7月辞去贸易代表一职，加入了高盛银行。
But last week President Bush nominated Robert Zoellick to a five-year term as the eleventh president of the World Bank. The board of governors of the bank is expected to confirm the choice to replace Paul Wolfowitz。
但上周，总统布什提名佐利克为世行的第11任行长 ，任期五年。佐利克的提名预期会得到银行董事会的批准，以替代沃尔福威茨。
Mr wolfowitz resigned last month, his last day is June 13th,, An investigation found that he violated bank rules in 2005 when he negotiated the pay increase for his girlfriend, a bank employee, he denied any wrongdoing and said bank officials shared responsibility for this dispute, he joined the bank as president in 2005, after severing as deputy secretary of defense.
沃尔福威茨先生上个月辞职，他将于6月30日离职。一项调查发现，在2005年，他违反了银行的章程-------------设法为其在银行做职员的女友增加薪水。沃尔福威茨对此事矢口否认，并表示银行官员应对（目前对他的）怀疑承担责任。他在2005年当选为世界银行主席，在此之前任国防部副部长。
European nations led efforts to remove Paul Wolfowitz, accusing him of corruption over the pay issue, but they generally did not support a change in the appointment process, traditionally, the united states has appointed the world bank chief, while Europe has chosen leaders of the international monetary fund, the two lenders were created in the 1940th.
欧洲国家竭力将沃尔福威茨赶下台，指控他在这起薪水事件上腐败，但他们普遍不支持任命程序出现变动，按照惯例，由美国任命世界银行领导人，由欧洲国家指定国际货币基金组织的领导人。这两个借贷组织成立于20世纪40年代。
Some countries, however, have criticized the 60 year old tradition.They say it makes the Development lenders into tool of rich nations.Brazil,South Africa and Australia urged the U.S to appoint a new Bank president using an open process,not limited by nationality.
然而，一些国家对这个持续60年的老传统提出了批评。他们表示，这项传统让这两个组织成为了富有国家的工具。巴西、南非和澳大利亚强烈要求美国使用公开的程序任命世行行长，而不应受到国籍的限制。
The World Bank is owned by its 184 member nations.Many development experts and others are calling for reforms in its operations and its lending policies for poor countries.But rebuliding relations and respect could be Robert Zoellick's first job.
世界银行拥有一百八十四个成员国。一些发展专家和其他人士呼吁对其运作程序和面向贫穷国家的借贷政策进行改革。但是，对于佐利克先生来说，（在世界银行的13000名员工和管理者中）重建信任关系和威望才是当务之急.
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VOA慢速英语翻译-June 01,2007-A Brief History of the World Trade Organization
A question from Vietnam. Listener Nguyen Minh Tan wants to know more about the World Trade Organization and its history.
这是越南听众Nguyen Minh Tan提出的一个问题，他（她）想进一步了解世贸组织及其历史。
The World Trade Organization came into existence in 1995. It operates a system of trade rules. It serves as a place for nations to settle disputes and negotiate agreements to reduce trade barriers. The newest of its 150 members, Vietnam, joined in January. But the roots of the W.T.O. date back to World War Two and the years that followed.
世贸组织成立于1995年，它负责管理贸易秩序。该组织为其成员国提供一个解决外贸纠纷和通过磋商谈判减少外贸壁垒的平台。越南于一月份加入世贸组织，在世贸组织的150个成员国中，它是最后加入的一个。但世贸组织的建立却要追溯到第二次世界大战及随后的数年。
In 1944, a meeting took place in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire: the International Monetary Conference. There, negotiators agreed to create the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. But they could not agree on an organization to deal with international trade.
1944年，在美国新罕布什尔州的布雷顿森林举行一次会议，即国际货币会议。在那次会议上，谈判代表同意建立国际货币基金组织和世界银行，但是他们对成立处理国际贸易事务的组织未能达成共识（注：这是由于美国从中作梗）。
Three years later, in 1947, 23 nations approved the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, or GATT. It was meant to be temporary. Trade negotiations under GATT were carried out in a series of talks called rounds. The first round lowered import taxes on one-fifth of world trade. Later rounds produced additional cuts, and negotiators added more issues.
三年后，也就是1947年，23个成员国一致同意通过《关税及贸易总协定》，即《关贸总协定》。这只是个临时的协定。基于《关贸总协定》，成员国进行了一系列多轮会谈。第一轮会谈降低了世界贸易1/5的进口关税。而后的多轮谈判带来了额外的削减，并且与会者提交了更多的议题。
The sixth round began in 1963. It was called the Kennedy Round after the murder of President John F. Kennedy. The results included an agreement against trade dumping. This is (when) one country sells a product in another country at an unfairly low price.
1963年举行的第6轮会谈发生在John F. Kennedy总统被谋杀之后，故称之为肯尼迪会谈。会谈成果包括一份反倾销协议，倾销是指一个国家在另一个国家以不合理低价销售产品。
The eighth round of talks began in (Punta del Este, Uruguay), in 1986. The Uruguay) Round lasted almost twice as long as planed. In all, 123 nations took part in seven-and-a-half years of work. They set time limits for future negotiations. They also agreed to create a permanent system to settle trade disputes.
第8轮会谈于1986年在乌拉圭的Punta del Este举行。乌拉圭会谈持续的时间为原计划的两倍，共有123个国家参加了这次长达七年半之久的谈判，他们为将来的谈判设定了时间限制，并一致同意建立一个永久秩序来解决贸易争端。
In April of 1994, most of those one hundred twenty-three nations signed an agreement. It replaced GATT with the World Trade Organization.
1994年4月，这123个国家中的大部分成员国签署了一份协议，该协议旨在确定由世贸组织代替关贸总协定。
The WTO launched a new round on development issues in Doha, (Qatar), in November of 2001. These talks were supposed to end by January of 2005. But negotiators could not agree on issues involving agricultural protections. The current round has been suspended since last July.
2001年11月，世贸组织在卡塔尔的多哈发起了针对发展问题的新一轮会谈。会谈预定于2005年1月结束，但是与会者不能就包括农产品保护在内的一些问题达成共识，此轮会谈自07年七月以来一直处于暂停状态。
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VOA慢速英语翻译 - May 31,2007 - How Foreign Citizens Become Doctors In the US
We continue our Foreign Student Series this week with a question from a doctor at a hospital in Vietnam. Tran Kinh Thanh in Ho Chi Minh City asks how a foreign doctor can become an American doctor.
本周我们继续我们的留学生系列话题，这次话题围绕一位越南医生提出的问题展开。这位来自胡志明市的Tran Kinh Thanh向我们询问外国医生如何才能成为美国医生。
One way is to complete a medical residency in the United States. A residency is a period of hospital training for medical school graduates. To be accepted, foreign-trained doctors need approval from the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates. The process involves passing several tests. After that, foreign doctors can receive a visa to stay in the United States, at least for the training period.
一个方法是在美国完成住院医师培训。住院医师培训是指对医学院毕业生进行临床培训的一个阶段。要想获得培训资格，国外医生必须获得国外医学毕业生教育委员会的正式批准。这一过程包括通过几门考试。考试通过后,外国医生方可获得至少可以保证住院医师在培训期间驻留美国的签证。
Practicing medicine in the United States also involves other steps.But the first thing that foreign-trained doctors have to do is make sure they attended a recognized medical school. It has to be listed in the FAIMER International Medical Education Directory. FAIMER is the Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research.
获得美国行医资格还包括其他几个步骤。但是外国医生最重要的一件的事是确保是自己毕业于一家美国承认的医学院。它必须是收录入FAIMER国际医学教育名录的院校。FAIMER是指国际医学教育与研究发展基金会。
If their school is not listed, then foreign-trained doctors cannot be approved for a residency. One solution is to go back to medical school -- an American medical school.
如果外国医生所在的毕业院校不在名列之中，便不能获得批准成为美国的住院医师。有一个解决方案可以解决这个问题，那就是再次就读一所美国的医学院校。
125 schools in the United States belong to the Association of American Medical Colleges. The group says more than 1100 foreign citizens applied for the current school year. One-fourth of them were admitted last fall.
美国有125所学院隶属于美国医学院协会。该协会说，本学年超过1100名外国公民申请入学，他们中的1/4在去年秋天获得批准。
Almost all medical schools in the United States require applicants to report scores from the Medical College Admission Test.
几乎所有美国的医学院都要求申请者提供美国医学院入学考试的成绩报告单。
Future doctors in the United States traditionally complete 4 years of medical school after undergraduate school. Then, as residents, they treat patients under the supervision of experienced doctors. A residency is generally between 3 and 7 years. The first year is called an internship.
美国的准医生们按惯例都需要在本科阶段之后在医学院待四年。然后，作为实习医生，他们在经验丰富的医生的监督指导下对病人进行治疗。实习期一般在三年到七年之间。第一年被称为internship。
The Association of American Medical Colleges publishes a book called Medical School Admissions Requirements. The newest one is for 2008-2009. The guide has details about every school as well as information for foreign students. The book costs 25 dollars and can be ordered through the association's Web site.
美国医学院联合会出版了一本书《医学院入学须知》。最新一版适用于2008到2009届的学生。这本读者指南为外国学生详细提供了每个院校的信息。这本书定价25美元，可以通过协会的网站进行订购。
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VOA慢速英语翻译 - May 28, 2007 - Are the World's Institution Lenders Ready
The African Development Bank held its yearly meeting in Shanghai, China earlier this month. The bank's chief economist announced the economic growth rate in Africa is expected to reach six percent this year. This is the highest in twenty years. Foreign demand for natural resources, especially oil, has helped create the growth.
非洲发展银行于本月初在中国上海召开例行年会。银行首席经济学家宣布，本年度非洲年经济增长率有望达到6%。这是20年来经济增长的最高点。国外对自然资源尤其是石油的需求，推动形成此次增长。
Dennis de Tray is vice president of the Center for Global Development in Washington, D.C. He says that six percent economic growth in Africa is good. But he says long-term development on the continent will be a problem for generations.
华盛顿特区全球开发副总裁Dennis de Tray说，在非洲，经济增长率能达到6%是好事。但他也表示，非洲大陆的世代长远发展将是个难题。
Mister de Tray led a working group last year that provided independent advice to the bank's shareholders and its president, Donald Kaberuka. The Rwandan economist took over leadership of the African bank in two thousand five. Ten years earlier, the economic security of the African Development Bank had been in question. It was almost out of money.
de Tray先生去年领导的工作小组为股东和银行行长Donald Kaberuka提供自主建议。这位卢旺达的经济学家在2005年接管非洲银行。10年前，非洲发展银行的经济安全受到质疑，一度几乎资金缺乏。
Mister de Tray says needed reforms at the African bank are different from reforms announced at a meeting of the Asian Development Bank. That bank met earlier this month in Kyoto, Japan. Mister de Tray believes the Asian Development Bank is facing an identity crisis. The countries receiving the most money are becoming established nations with rich resources.
de Tray先生说非洲银行的改革很有必要，所采取的改革方式不同于在亚洲发展银行会议上宣布的改革方式。亚洲发展银行于本月初在日本京都召开会议。de Tray先生认为亚洲发展银行正面临认同危机。拥有丰富资源的国家却得到了最多的资金资助。As a result, loans from the Asian Development Bank are unnecessary. Yet, Mister de Tray says there is a small group of countries in Asia still developing, including Laos and Cambodia. These countries will continue to need assistance from the Asian Development Bank.
结果，亚洲开发银行提供的贷款是多余的。然而de Tray说包括老挝和柬埔寨在内的一些亚洲的发展中国家，仍需要得到亚洲发展银行的援助。
He says the African Development Bank is in the middle of a continent that will need development aid for years to come. Some countries have gained success. But many others are still trying to create continued development that does not harm the environment. The African Development Bank is doing a better job serving its member
countries, Mister De Tray says. But, he believes the bank still has a long way to go to reach a level of success.
de Tray表示非洲发展银行成为未来几年需要得到开发援助的非洲大陆的中流砥柱。一些国家已经取得成功，其他一些国家仍在创建对环境无害的持续发展模式。De Tray先生说，非洲发展银行正更好的为其成员国服务，但他认为距离成功还有一段很长的路要走。
Mister De Tray thinks that reforms needed within all of the world's international banks are related. And, over the next year, he predicts a debate about how the system works.
De Tray先生认为所有全世界范围内的国际性银行需要的改革措施是有联系的。
他预测明年会有一个关于银行体系如何运转的争论。
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VOA慢速英语翻译 - May 28, 2007 - Are the World's Institution Lenders Ready
The African Development Bank held its yearly meeting in Shanghai, China earlier this month. The bank's chief economist announced the economic growth rate in Africa is expected to reach six percent this year. This is the highest in twenty years. Foreign demand for natural resources, especially oil, has helped create the growth.
非洲发展银行于本月初在中国上海召开例行年会。银行首席经济学家宣布，本年度非洲年经济增长率有望达到6%。这是20年来经济增长的最高点。国外对自然资源尤其是石油的需求，推动形成此次增长。
Dennis de Tray is vice president of the Center for Global Development in Washington, D.C. He says that six percent economic growth in Africa is good. But he says long-term development on the continent will be a problem for generations.
华盛顿特区全球开发副总裁Dennis de Tray说，在非洲，经济增长率能达到6%是好事。但他也表示，非洲大陆的世代长远发展将是个难题。
Mister de Tray led a working group last year that provided independent advice to the bank's shareholders and its president, Donald Kaberuka. The Rwandan economist took over leadership of the African bank in two thousand five. Ten years earlier, the economic security of the African Development Bank had been in question. It was almost out of money.
de Tray先生去年领导的工作小组为股东和银行行长Donald Kaberuka提供自主建议。这位卢旺达的经济学家在2005年接管非洲银行。10年前，非洲发展银行的经济安全受到质疑，一度几乎资金缺乏。
Mister de Tray says needed reforms at the African bank are different from reforms announced at a meeting of the Asian Development Bank. That bank met earlier this month in Kyoto, Japan. Mister de Tray believes the Asian Development Bank is facing an identity crisis. The countries receiving the most money are becoming established nations with rich resources.
de Tray先生说非洲银行的改革很有必要，所采取的改革方式不同于在亚洲发展银行会议上宣布的改革方式。亚洲发展银行于本月初在日本京都召开会议。de Tray先生认为亚洲发展银行正面临认同危机。拥有丰富资源的国家却得到了最多的资金资助。As a result, loans from the Asian Development Bank are unnecessary. Yet, Mister de Tray says there is a small group of countries in Asia still developing, including Laos and Cambodia. These countries will continue to need assistance from the Asian Development Bank.
结果，亚洲开发银行提供的贷款是多余的。然而de Tray说包括老挝和柬埔寨在内的一些亚洲的发展中国家，仍需要得到亚洲发展银行的援助。
He says the African Development Bank is in the middle of a continent that will need development aid for years to come. Some countries have gained success. But many others are still trying to create continued development that does not harm the environment. The African Development Bank is doing a better job serving its member
countries, Mister De Tray says. But, he believes the bank still has a long way to go to reach a level of success.
de Tray表示非洲发展银行成为未来几年需要得到开发援助的非洲大陆的中流砥柱。一些国家已经取得成功，其他一些国家仍在创建对环境无害的持续发展模式。De Tray先生说，非洲发展银行正更好的为其成员国服务，但他认为距离成功还有一段很长的路要走。
Mister De Tray thinks that reforms needed within all of the world's international banks are related. And, over the next year, he predicts a debate about how the system works.
De Tray先生认为所有全世界范围内的国际性银行需要的改革措施是有联系的。
他预测明年会有一个关于银行体系如何运转的争论。
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VOA慢速英语翻译-June 07,2007-EDUCATION REPORT-Foreign StudentSeries:Studying -..
A Chinese woman studying business law in Japan has a question about studying a different kind of law. Wang Yuxian says she is a Christian and would like to know about theological seminary programs for foreign students in the United States. A theological seminary is a graduate school of religion and a professional school for training religious leaders.
一位正在日本攻读商业法的中国女性提出了一个关于攻读其他法律的问题。Wang Yuxian说，她是一位基督教徒，想了解美国神学院为外国留学生设置的学习项目。神学院是宗教研究机构，也是培养宗教领袖的专业学院。
Foreign students who want to study at a seminary in the United States apply just as they would to any other graduate school. They have to meet the academic and English language requirements and prove they would be able to pay for their studies.
希望到美国神学院攻读的外国学生需要办理的申请，和到其他研究机构攻读是一样的。他们的学术和英语语言水平必须达到要求，并且他们要证明他们有能力支付学费。
Fuller Theological Seminary in Pasadena, California, is one of the largest in North America. It opened in 1947. Today it has more than 4000 students from about 70 countries. Fuller is one of 253 schools accredited by the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada.
位于加州帕萨迪纳的Fuller神学院是北美最大的神学院之一，它创办于1947年，如今有来自大约70多个国家的超过4000名学生在此就读。Fuller神学院是美加神学院校协会（美国与加拿大神学院联合协会）认证的253所神学院之一。
An accredited school is one that has passed inspection by a rating group like the association. All of the schools are Christian. But other schools train leaders in Judaism, Islamic, Buddhism and other faith traditions.
所谓认证的学校指的是通过了像协会之类的评估组织审查的学校。这些学校都是基督教学校。但是也有其他一些培养犹太教、伊斯兰教和佛教等传统宗教领袖的学校。
The Fuller Theological Seminary opened in 1947. It has three schools, Theology, intercultural studies and Psychology. It also has a centre for life-long learning. Students at Fuller can earn a doctor of ministry degree or more than 20 other graduate degrees. Examples include a Master’s Degree in marital and family therapy and a master’s in global leadership.
Fuller神学院创办于1947年，它由神学院、跨文化研究学院和心理学学院三个部分组成。它还有个终身学习中心。在Fuller神学院就读的学生可以攻读牧师博士学位，也可攻读婚姻和家庭治疗、全球领导等20多种研究生学位。
There are also degree programs taught in Korea and Spanish. And Fuller admits some students through its English as a second language programs.
还有一些学位的课程是用韩语和西班牙语教授的。Fuller神学院允许一些学生（在上课时）将英语作为第二语言。
Some degree programs cost more than others, one year at Fuller can cost anywhere from 12,000 to 24,000 dollars. International students can apply for scholarships and grants. But Fuller says that normally they will not be permitted to work during the time of their studies. The same is true for family members.
有些专业的费用比其它一些专业的费用高一些。在Fuller神学院一年所需学习费用从12000美元到24000美元不等。留学生可以申请奖学金和补助金。但是通常情况下，在他们求学期间是不允许找工作的，这个规定也同样适用于已婚人士。
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VOA慢速英语翻译-June 13,2007-Stent Failure: How Much of the Problem ..
Today we have the second half of a report about some concerns with the use of drug-
treated coronary stents. These are small metal tubes designed to be placed inside arteries in heart patients. The stent is usually left in permanently after doctors clean out a narrowed artery with angioplasty treatment. Doctors expand the stent to hold the passage open so blood can flow normally to the heart.
今天我们将继续报道有关关注冠状动脉药物支架使用的下半部分。这些支架是指专门为心脏病患者所设计的套扎在动脉内部的金属管状物.在使用血管成型术清除狭窄的血管后，支架通常会终生留在患者体内。医生撑开支架以使动脉管腔通畅从而使血液正常的流入心脏。
Medicine on the stent is released slowly over time to stop the development of scar tissue. Scar tissue can cause the artery to become narrow again.
支架上的药物涂层可以长时间延缓（血管壁）瘢痕组织的发展。而（管壁)瘢痕可以导致动脉的再一次狭窄。
These devices have been approved in the United States for the past four years for patients with simple blockages and no history of heart attack. But some doctors use drug-eluting stents, as they are called, for patients with more serious heart problems. This is known as "off-label use" and is permitted.
美国早在四年前，此设备已经被批准用于简单的血管闭塞（以血栓多见）及无心脏病突发病史的病人。但也有许多医生使用药物洗脱支架，正如其名，这类支架用于患有更为严重的心脏疾病的患者。这些被看作是”非常规使用的支架“也是被允许的。
But 2 recent studies questioned the safety of off-label use of drug-treated stents. Both found that some patients with more serious conditions were more likely to suffer a renarrowing of the artery. This is called restenosis。
然而最近的两项研究对非常规使用药物支架的安全性提出了质疑。两项研究均发现许多病情较重的患者的发生动脉在狭窄的概率更高一些。这类现象称为“再狭窄”（是冠状动脉支架术后的常见并发症之一）。
So far, researchers have mostly investigated the stents themselves and how they are made. But now attention is turning also to the way they are being used. The question is how much of the problem of stent failure may be the result of stents not being put in right. Or maybe they are not being expanded enough to fit firmly in the artery.
迄今为止，研究人员主要着眼于研究考察血管支架本身及其制造工艺。但如今，人们的注意已经开始转向了使用这些支架的方法。现在的症结是，血管支架术的失败与因支架放置不当，或与扩张不够而不能稳定在动脉到底有多大的关联。
One recent study found that stents were incorrectly placed in almost 70% of the patients in that study.
最近的一项研究表明，70%的患者的支架没有被正确安置。
Now a heart research organization hopes to solve the mystery. The (Cardiovascular) Research Foundation is a big supporter of the use of drug-treated stents. The foundation is going to carry out a large study. Spokeswoman (Irma Damhuis) says it will involve 11000 patients at ten centers in the United States and 2 in Germany. A heart doctor with the foundation will be one of the lead investigators.
现在，一家心脏研究机构欲解答此疑问。心血管研究基金会是药物支架应用推广的有力支持者。它即将开展一项大型的研究。其女发言人Irma Damhuis 表示，该研究将涉及分布于10家美国以及2家德国医疗机构的11000名患者。基金会的一位心内科医生将担任考察的负责人之一。
Researchers will examine how doctors implant and expand stents and how the methods they use might affect outcomes. The study will deal especially with serious artery blockages that have been found a year or more after a stent was put in place.
研究人员将会对医生如何植入、扩张血管支架，以及其操作方法对疗效的影响方面进行考察。植入支架后一年以上（包括一年）出现显著血管闭塞的患者，将是此次研究主要关注的对象。
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